• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.500-508
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• 2003

The fauna associated with mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) beds and vertical distribution of macrobenthos were studied on the Goijeong rocky shore in Jinhae Bay, Korea. Sampling was conducted seasonally using a quadrate from January to October, 1998. In the first experiment, to reveal the community structure of macrobenthos in mussel bed, a total of 62 species $(10,690ind./m^2,\;3,802.1\;g/m^2)$ were identified, which included polychaetes $(32\;spp.,\;52.6\%),$ molluscs (16 spp.), crustaceans (10 spp.), and others. The density-dominant species were Pseudopolydora antennata, Nereis heterocirrata, Littorina brevicula and Balanus kondakovi. And the density of associated fauna was correlated with that of mussel (r=0.951, p=0.049). In the second experiment, to reveal the vertical distribution of macrobenthos on the rocky shore, ANOVA showed highly significant differences between the density of top 5 dominant species (Chthamalus challengeri, Littorina brevicula, Balanus kondakovi, Septifer virgatus and Granulilittorina exigua) and tidal levels (P=0.000). Vertical distribution of macrobnethos was characterized by Ghthamalus belt and Balanus-Septifer belt in the mussel bed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.7-13
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• 2019

To improve the flow distribution at channel locations in the welded plate heat exchanger with "L"-type inflow, the flow visualization of Model 1 was carried out. Besides, the characteristics of flow distribution was investigated experimentally according to the header shape. The inlet flow rate for each channel location was increased at the side channels but decreased at the central channels. In the case of Model 2, which has a slant structure added to the basic header of Model 1, the unevenness of inlet flow increased by 23% from 0.019 to 0.023 as compared to Model 1. On the other hand, Model 3, which has a baffle structure added to Model 2, showed 0.064 unevenness in inlet flow, which was a 36% reduction one compared to Model 1. To improve the distribution at each channel in the welded plate heat exchanger with "L"-type flow, it is necessary to improve the header external shape for the guide of flow as well as the baffle structure for reduction of vortex flow.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Purpose - Capital structure adjustment costs influence the test of the standard trade-off theory of capital structure. We investigate whether there exist economically significant capital adjustment costs in the Korean retail industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper adopts the model of Leary and Roberts(2005) to obtain the hazard rate of capital structure variations. The retail firms traded in the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets are analyzed from 2000 to 2016. Results - The empirical analysis shows infrequent capital structure adjustments in the Korean retail firms. The duration analysis emphasizes that the fixed adjustment cost plays an important role in the determination of capital structure adjustments for the Korean retail firms. Yet, even after taking account of infrequent capital structure adjustments, the trade off theory only weakly explains the capital structure variations of the Korean retail firms. Conclusions - This paper confirms the existence of capital structure adjustment costs for the Korean retail firms. Our results argue for the significance of fixed adjustment costs in capital structure adjustments. Such emphasis on the fixed cost is inconsistent with the existing studies. The trade off theory does not successfully explain capital structure policy in the Korean retail firms even after considering adjustment costs.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.53-64
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• 2021

Purpose: The current study aims and reviews the current state of research in green awareness' distribution structure using the ecological theory of Ted Hughes who was regarded as one of the best English poets of the 20 century. Ted poetry has innovated ecological distribution. It has inspired so many young people to have a positive energy impact on the environment. Research design, data and methodology: Action research design is an approach used extensively in qualitative content analysis. This design starts by adopting an exploratory claim that develops the research objectives, hence instigating the action process, which involves several strategies. This type of design involves a cyclic process of stance then action. Results: According to the investigation, there are nine solutions that can deal with the green distribution based on previous literature review, applying an ecological approach of Ted Hughes to green awareness distribution. The solutions figured out that Ted's novels had an innovative impact on the environment as it is clear that information is given to society. Conclusions: It is observed that having a highly professional environment is good enough for a structure to go green. But, on the other hand, polluting our environment can endanger species by causing health diseases and environmental problems.

• IE interfaces
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to establish a framework of the information system design for the distribution management in the confectionery industry. First, we present the characteristics of distribution information system and the distribution information flow in the confectionery industry. Next, we present a sketch of the computer-communication system as the mechanism for improving communication within the distribution system and design the subsystems of distribution information system. And we design the data structure for manipulating distribution information. Finally, we present the case study in which we design the distribution information system in the confectionery industry.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.259-290
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• 1996

As part of Korea's opening to tile world economy, over the past several years the government has begun th liberalize in the distribution industry. This study cocentrates on long-term strategy of distribution industry in Inchon where will be the hub in the northeastern area. Based on data analysis for the present conditions referring the physical distribution and the commercial distribution, problems are drawn on this two sectors. Conclusion shows introduction of the advanced know-how, expansion of the physical distribution center, and modernization of tile commercial distribution structure.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-148
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• 2009

In 2006, the share of fisheries distribution in Busan amounted to 1.9 million ton, which was 41 percent of the whole country. In details, coastal fishery 334 thousand ton(14% of the whole country), deep sea fishery 452 thousand ton(82%), import fishery 964 thousand ton(70%), export fishery 157 thousand ton(43%) were distributed in Busan region, respectively. Recently, the share of fisheries sale through e-commerce is increasing owing to the growth of IT and competitive price of its products. and the sale share of large discount store is also on the 10% more increase owing to the effectiveness of distribution structure. Hereafter these structure changes of fisheries distribution in Busan will be more intensified. Therefore, after reflecting the change in distribution policy of Busan Fisheries, the directions of distribution policy should be established, as follows. Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of sales ratio in large discount store

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2017

The underlying goal of the present paper is to investigate soil and structural uncertainties on impedance functions and structural response of soil-shallow foundation-structure (SSFS) system using Monte Carlo simulations. The impedance functions of a rigid massless circular foundation resting on the surface of a random soil layer underlain by a homogeneous half-space are obtained using 1-D wave propagation in cones with reflection and refraction occurring at the layer-basement interface and free surface. Firstly, two distribution functions (lognormal and gamma) were used to generate random numbers of soil parameters (layer's thickness and shear wave velocity) for both horizontal and rocking modes of vibration with coefficients of variation ranging between 5 and 20%, for each distribution and each parameter. Secondly, the influence of uncertainties of soil parameters (layer's thickness, and shear wave velocity), as well as structural parameters (height of the superstructure, and radius of the foundation) on the response of the coupled system using lognormal distribution was investigated. This study illustrated that uncertainties on soil and structure properties, especially shear wave velocity and thickness of the layer, height of the structure and the foundation radius significantly affect the impedance functions, and in same time the response of the coupled system.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2016

The genetic structure of marine animals that inhabit the seashore is affected by numerous factors. Of these, gene flow and natural selection during recruitment have strong influences on the genetic structure of seashore-dwelling species that have larval periods. Relative contributions of these two factors to the genetic structure of marine species would be determined mainly by the duration of larval stage. The relationship between larval period and genetic structure of population has been rarely studied in Korea. In this study, genetic variations of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were analyzed in two dominant species on rocky shore habitats in the Korean peninsula: periwinkle Littorina brevicula and acorn barnacle Fistulobalanus albicostatus. Both species are not strongly structured and may have experienced recent population expansion. Unlike periwinkle, however, barnacle populations have considerable genetic variation, and show a bimodal pattern of mismatch distribution. These results suggest that barnacle populations are more affected by local adaptation rather than gene flow via larval migration. The bimodal patterns of barnacle populations observed in mismatch distribution plots imply that they may have experienced secondary contact. Further studies on seashore-dwelling species are expected to be useful in understanding the evolution of the coastal ecosystem around Korean waters.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) supports and amine additives were investigated to adsorb $CO_2$. PMMA supports were fabricated by using different ratio of pore forming agents (porogen) to control the BET specific surface area, pore volume and distribution. Toluene and xylene are used for porogens. Supported amine sorbents were prepared by wet impregnation of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) on PMMA supports. So we could identify the effect of the pore structure of supports and the quantity of impregnated TEPA on the adsorption capacity. The increased amount of toluene as pore foaming agent resulted in the decreased average pore diameter and the increased BET surface area. Polymer supports with huge different pore distribution could be fabricated by controlling the ratio of porogen. After impregnation, the support with micropore structure is supposed the pore blocking and filling effect so that it has low $CO_2$ capacity and kinetics due to the difficulty of diffusing. Macropore structure indicates fast adsorption capacity and low influence of amine loading. In case of support with mesopore, it has high performance of adsorption capacity and kinetics. So high surface area and meso-/macro- pore structure is suitable for $CO_2$ capture.