• 천문학회보
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.48.1-48.1
• /
• 2014

We investigate the evolution of galaxies in mid-infrared (MIR) $[3.4{\mu}m]-[12{\mu}m]$ color versus $12{\mu}$ luminosity diagram using Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data for member galaxies of the A2199 supercluster at $z{\simeq}0.03$. In the MIR color-luminosity diagram, we classify galaxies into three MIR classes: MIR blue cloud (massive, quiescent and mostly early-type), MIR star-forming sequence (mostly late-type), and MIR green valley galaxies. Both MIR green valley galaxies and MIR blue cloud galaxies are optically red sequence populations, and there is no significant difference in star formation rates and stellar masses between them. We compare cumulative distribution functions of surface galaxy number density and of cluster/group-centric distance between three MIR classes. However, when considering only early-type galaxies, the difference between MIR blue cloud galaxies and MIR green valley galaxies disappears. In contrast, the intermediate trend of MIR green valley galaxies is still found for late-type galaxies. We discuss our results concerning the difference of evolution between early- and late-type galaxies and the connection to environment.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.44.2-45
• /
• 2016

We present near-infrared photometric properties of red supergiant stars (RSGs) in three galaxies NGC 4449, NGC 5055 and NGC 5457. The near-infrared imaging data of WFCAM UKIRT were used and combined with optical archive data to identify the RSGs in the galaxies. We found that the RSGs can be identified from the foreground Galactic stars in (i-K, ri) colour-colour diagram. The effective temperatures and luminosities of the identified RSGs are estimated from JHK photometry using MARCS model. In the H-R diagram, the majority of RSGs in the galaxies are distributed between $logL/L{\odot}=4.8$ and 5.7, and their effective temperature and luminosities agree with the current evolutionary tracks with masses in the range $9-30M{\odot}$. We also compared the spatial distribution of RSGs with the HII regions. A tight spatial correlation between RSGs and HII region was found in NGC 4449 and NGC 5457. We do not find a clear metallicity dependance on the RSG effective temperature in the three galaxies, but the maximum luminosity of the three galaxies is constant at $logL/L{\odot}{\sim}5.6$. Additional spectroscopy data, including photometry are essential to examine whether the physical properties of RSGs change with metallicity.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2001

The bilayer forming ability of pseudo-ceramide PC104 in octanoic acid/water/n-octyl $\beta$-D-glucoside mixtures was investigated through the phase diagram. Because of its low solubility in water and of its crystallization, pseudoceramide PC104 was dissolved in octanoic acid, which is nontoxic additive for foods and cosmetics. The mixtures formed four different phases (L1, L2, LC and two phases). Depending on the concentration of PC104 in octanoic acid, the region of each phase was extended or contracted. On the contrary to the region of L2, regions of lamellar phase and L1 phase were expanded. The bilayer-forming ability of PC104 was explained on the basis of concentration of PC104 at interface and interaction between PC104 and octanoic acid. From FT-IR results, it was found that the interactions of PC104’s polar head group with octanoic acid increased as the amount of PC104 in octanoic acid increased. Also emulsion size and size distribution have been studied depending upon the emulsification path. droplets of emulsion prepared from lamellar phase were smaller and more homogeneous compared to those of emulsions formed from L2 phase.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.566-572
• /
• 2013

In the present study, structure analysis has been performed to understand the deflection and stress distribution for a hybrid street-lamp having a vertical-axis wind turbine and a photovoltaic panel. Modal analysis is also evaluated to avoid resonance gerenerated by sychronism between a turbine and a lamppost. To analyze deflection, stress and frequency, general analysis code(ANSYS-Mechanical 13) is employed in the present work. Throughout structure analysis in the hybrid street-lamp, maximum stress is observed at the connecting position between a turbine blade and a blade supporter. Campbell diagram which is combined the natural frequency of turbine blades and blade passing frequency is presented to analyze a system resonance. It is found that the resonance of the system having a rotating turbine blade and a lamppost can avoid by the optimal selection of geometric parameters of a wind turbine.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.621-628
• /
• 2007

Nowadays, Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) Cooler is one of the most favorite systems for reducing the generation amount of $NO_x$ and other particle materials from vehicles burning diesel as fuel. Efficiency of the system is mainly dependent on its heat transfer efficiency and this ability is affected by net heat transferring area of the system. For that reason, several types of heat transfer tube such as dimple, wrinkle and spiral types that have large net area are used. However, it is difficult to manufacture the rectangular tube with dimpled type structure because it experiences too much strain around the rectangular tube surface during the forming process. For that reason, in this study, numerical simulation for forming process of non-symmetric dimple shape on a thin sheet metal was carried out. Furthermore, theoretical forming limit curves(forming limit diagram, forming limit stress diagram) were proposed as criteria of formability evaluation. From the results of finite element simulation in view of stress and strain distribution, it is found that the designed process has robustness and feasibility to safely manufacture the dimpled rectangular tube.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.150-157
• /
• 2002

In textured material, diffraction angle $2{\theta}$ usually shows a nonlinear relation against $sin^2{\psi}$ due to elastic anisotropy of crystals. SPHD and SPCD steel is cold-rolled carbon steel for automobile. The characteristics X-ray for stress measurement is Cr $K_{\alpha}\;and\;Mo\;K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray. The $2{\theta}-sin^2{\psi}$ diagram under elastic strain seems to have a linear behavior using regression line of data but has a nonlinear behavior in distribution of data by Cr $K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray. As the plastic strain of specimen increases, the nonlinearity of $2{\theta}$ with respect to $sin^2{\psi}$ increases remarkably. On the other hand, the diffraction angle $2{\theta}$ by Mo $K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray shows a good linearity on $2{\theta}-sin^2{\psi}$ diagram under plastic strain as well as elastic strain. Therefore, this paper presents the measurement of residual stress in cold-rolled carbon steel for automobile using penetration depth of Mo $K_{\alpha1}$ characteristic X-ray and multiplicity factor of crystal diffraction plane.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.583-594
• /
• 2006

조상들의 삶에 관한 흔적인 문화유적은 그 당시의 공간적인 입지에 대한 선인들의 사상을 알아볼 수 있는 좋은 자료다. 본 연구는 문화유적들을 유형별로 분류하고, 각각의 유형별 유적의 입지 특징을 보다 계량적으로 분석하기 위하여 GIS와 삼각다이어그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 문화유적의 공간적인 입지를 분석하기 위한 지표로는 고도, 도로 접근성, 용수확보가능성의 세 가지 변수를 이용하였다. 분석 결과 각각의 문화유적들은 시대별 유형별로 일정한 분포측정을 보였으며, 이는 문화유적의 분포와 입지에 대한 지리적 관점에서의 접근 가능성이 높음을 의미하는 것이기도 하다. 선사시대에서 역사시대로 넘어오면서 문화유적의 입지는 용수확보가능성이 우수한 지점에서 교통 접근성이 우수한 지점으로 이동하였다. 그리고 각 시대의 지배계급이 남긴 유적들은 대부분 우수한 입지를 보였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2009

염산농도 0.001에서 10 M사이의 범위에서 백금(IV)과 팔라듐(II) 및 로듐(III)의 착물형성반응과 물질수지를 고려하여 각 금속의 분배곡선을 구했다. 염산농도가 0.1 M이상인 조건에서는 백금과 팔라듐의 대부분은 $PtCl_6^{2-}$와 $PdCl_2^{2-}$로 존재하였다. 로듐의 농도분포는 염산농도에 큰 영향을 받는다. 염산농도가 0.1에서 10 M로 증가함에 따라 로듐의 주 화학종이 $PhCl_5^{2-}$에서 $PhCl_6^{3-}$로 변했다. 문헌에 발표된 백금과 팔라듐의 용매추출자료로부터 $PtCl_6^{2-}$ 및 $PtCl_4^{2-}$와 수소이온간의 매개변수를 추산했다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.229-232
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to estimate the design flood by the determination of best fitting order of LH-moments of the annual maximum series at six and nine watersheds in Korea and Australia, respectively. Adequacy for flood flow data was confirmed by the tests of independence, homogeneity, and outliers. Gumbel (GUM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Pareto (GPA), and Generalized Logistic (GLO) distributions were applied to get the best fitting frequency distribution for flood flow data. Theoretical bases of L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments were derived to estimate the parameters of 4 distributions. L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moment ratio diagrams (LH-moments ratio diagram) were developed in this study.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2002년도 제24회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2002

The measurement of velocity and stain rate field has been conducted in opposed impinging jet combustion. When a smaller diameter (5mm) orifice of pre-chamber was used, previous studies had reported that the combustion phase showed a shift from weak turbulent combustion to moderate turbulent combustion in the modified Borghi Diagram. In the case with smaller orifice diameter (5mm), NOx emission was substantially reduced by a factor 1/2 while the combustion pressure remains at the same as that in the conventional combustion. Hence, in this study, the experiment setup using PIV technique was designed to identify the relation of the strain rate distribution and NOx reduction associated with moderate turbulent combustion.