• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.7 s.110
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• pp.865-872
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• 2006

Cooperative communications (CC) have received a great deal of attention recently as an efficient way to obtain the spatial diversity without physical arrays. Thus, space-time block codes (STBC) which are well-known for use in co-located multi-antenna systems can be still utilized for single-antenna users in a distributed fashion. In this paper, we propose a cooperative signaling structure using the $\frac{3}{4}$-rate STBC and derive closed-form BER expression which takes the effect of network geometry and transmit power constraint into account. A variety of simulated and numerical results demonstrated the cooperation considerably outperforms the direct transmission when partners are located in appropriate positions.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.693-698
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• 2018

This paper presents a true-time delay (TTD) using a commercial $0.13-{\mu}m$ CMOS process for wideband phased-array antennas without the beam squint. The proposed TTD consists of four wideband distributed gain amplifiers (WDGAs), a 7-bit TTD circuit, and a 6-bit digital step attenuator (DSA) circuit. The T-type attenuator with a low-pass filter and the WDGAs are implemented for a low insertion loss error between the reference and time-delay states, and has a flat gain performance. The overall gain and return losses are >7 dB and >10 dB, respectively, at 2 GHz-18 GHz. The maximum time delay of 198 ps with a 1.56-ps step and the maximum attenuation of 31.5 dB with a 0.5-dB step are achieved at 2 GHz-18 GHz. The RMS time-delay and amplitude errors are <3 ps and <1 dB, respectively, at 2 GHz-18 GHz. An output P1 dB of <-0.5 dBm is achieved at 2 GHz-18 GHz. The chip size is $3.3{\times}1.6mm^2$, including pads, and the DC power consumption is 370 mW for a 3.3-V supply voltage.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2016

In this paper, a system of self-interference signal cancelation for in-band full duplex has been implemented and tested in RF/analog region. The system performance has been evaluated with NI5791 platform and NI Flex RIO. Due to the low power level of the NI5791, the RF signal is amplified by SKYWORKS SE2565T power amplifier. A circulator is used to feed the antenna both the transmitter and receiver. The RF FIR filter is designed by twelve delay taps in two different groups, and the interval between each delay tap is designed to have 100 ps. The amplified signal is distributed to antenna and the FIR filter by use of a 10 dB directional coupler. The tap coefficients of the RF FIR filter are tuned to estimate the self-interference signal coming from antenna reflection and the leakage of the circulator, and the self-interference signal is subtracted. The system is test with 802.11a/g 20 MHz OFMD at 2.56 GHz, and the output power of the amplifier of 0 dBm. The self-interference signal is canceled out by 53 dB.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2015

In evaluating the performance of a dual-hop wireless link, the effects of large and small scale fading has to be considered. To overcome this fading effect, several schemes, such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with orthogonal space time block codes (OSTBC), different combining schemes at the relay and receiving end, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are used in both the transmitting and the relay links. In this paper, we first make compare the performance of a two-hop wireless link under a different combination of space diversity in the first and second hop of the amplify-and-forward (AF) case. Our second task in this paper is to incorporate the weak signal of a direct link and then by applying the channel model of two random variables (one for a direct link and another for a relayed link) we get very impressive result at a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is comparable with other models at a higher SNR. Our third task is to bring other three schemes under a two-hop wireless link: use of transmit antenna selection (TAS) on both link with weak direct link, distributed Alamouti scheme in two-hop link and single relay antenna with OFDM subcarrier. Finally, all of the schemes mentioned above are compared to select the best possible model. The main finding of the paper is as follows: the use of MIMO on both hops but application TAS on both links with weak direct link and the full rate OFDM with the sub-carrier for an individual link provide a better result as compared to other models.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.748-757
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• 2015

MIMO systems utilizing multiple antenna transmission and reception is one of the key technologies to enhance the capacity of 5G wireless communications. In order to obtain an appropriate performance evaluation of MIMO techniques, the usage of wireless channel model reflecting spatial channel characteristics is required, such as the 3-dimensional spatial channel model(3D SCM) proposed by 3GPP TR36.873 documentation. In this paper, we implement and verify the channel simulation environment based on 3D SCM, to present and compare the characteristics of UMi and UMa environments. We also apply MIMO transmission to the UMa scenario to investigate the channel correlation among antenna elements with different array distances and to identify the corresponding throughput changes. By evaluating the channel power correlations for randomly distributed users within the sector for different horizontal and vertical antenna distances, we present the statistical characteristics which determine the transmission performance under the SCM environment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a new distributed Alamouti space-time block coding scheme using cooperative relay system composed of one source node, three relay nodes and one destination node. The source node is assumed to be equipped with two antennas which respectively use a 2-beam array to communicate with two nodes selected from the three relay nodes. During the first time slot, the two signals which respectively were transmitted by one antenna at the source, are selected by one relay node, added, amplified, and forwarded to the destination. During the second time slot, the other two relay nodes implement the conjugate and minusconjugate operations to the two received signals, respectively, each in turn is amplified and forwarded to the destination node. This transmission scheme represents a new distributed Alamouti space-time block code that can be constructed at the relay-destination channel. Through an equivalent matrix expression of symbols, we analyze the performance of this proposed space-time block code in terms of the chernoff upper bound pairwise error probability (PEP). In addition, we evaluate the effect of the coefficient $\alpha$ ($0{\leq}{\alpha}{\leq}1$) determined by power allocation between the two antennas at the source on the received signal performance. Through computer simulation, we show that the received signals at the three relays have same variance only when the value of $\alpha$ is equal to $\frac{2}{3}$, as a consequence, a better performance is obtained at the destination. These analysis results show that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional proposed schemes in terms of diversity gain, PEP and the complexity of relay nodes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.2A
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• pp.130-138
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a user selection method to maximize the sum-rate of downlink over opportunistic beamforming. The throughput of an opportunistic beamforming with non-uniformly distributed or a small number of users can decrease. In order to improve the throughput, we propose a scheduling method that does not use SINR or SNR but uses the effective channel gain of each user obtained from the SINR or SNR feedback. The proposed method makes it possible to select users flexibly according to the distribution of users. In numerical results, we show that the proposed methods improve the average sum-rate about 60% when users are distributed non uniformly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

The cooperative transmission between sectors in next generation communications standards, e.g., 3GPP LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.16m, has become an important research issue. Hence methods to decide the optimal antenna tilting angle in cooperative transmission between sectors are needed. This paper proposes methods to decide the optimal antenna tilting angle in cases of non-cooperative and cooperative transmissions between sectors. The proposed methods use an objective function that maximizes the cell average log rate or the cell average rate for users distributed uniformly within the radius of the sector. Also, the objective function which maximizes the cell average rate determined by adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) used in actual cellular systems is considered. When the cell average rate becomes the objective function, the system rate efficiency increases significantly for both cooperative and non-cooperative transmission. When the cell average log rate and the AMC rate become the objective functions, an optimal antenna tilting decision method which effectively increases the efficiency of cell boundary users is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2016

In order to maintain the precise positioning accuracy of the VLBI system, the shape deformation found in antenna structure should be monitored. In fact, reduced the antenna gaining of an electromagnetic wave reception from the Quasar has been particularly expected due to the shape deformation of main reflector in VLBI antenna. Therefore, the importance of shape deformation monitoring for the main reflector has been significantly increased. The main reflector has come out as the high potential for deformation in the VLBI structure. The fact has led us to investigate the monitoring system for the main reflector based on the efficient algorithm in accordance with the close-range photogrammetry, which of expecting to be utilized as the continuous and automated monitoring system for the structure deformation in the near future. Ten fitting lines were estimated with the TLS for feature points of distributed in all directions from the main reflector. The resultant intersection point of estimated fitting lines was calculated by using the nearest point calculation algorithm, based on those non-intersection lines. Following to the intuitive basis for the time series analysis, the results was able to provide the calculation of numerical variation in the intersection point, which is represented in 3-axis,; that we are expecting to open the way for predicting a deformation rate as well as deformation direction

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.15-18
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• 2005

Cooperative diversity is a transmission technique, in which multiple terminals pool their resources to form a virtual antenna array that realizes spatial diversity gain in a distributed fashion. In this paper, we propose a new type of cooperative transmission protocol with a full rate and show that its BER performance is improved by 8dB over the existing protocol under the AF (amplify-and-forward) mode of relaying.