• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1979

In order to determine the knowledge of, attitudes to, and practice of housewives toward health care in a rural area, a survey with questionnaire was carried out with 87 housewives who were sampled randomly from 6 villages in Sudong Myun, from April 16th to 21st, 1979. The following results were obtained. 1. Of the housewives studied, 61.5% knew that B.C.G. is a vaccine for T.B prevention and 12.3% knew that D.P.T. is a vaccine for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. 2. The vaccination rate of the children under six-year of the housewives studied was: polio 83.1%, B.C.G. 75.4%, D.P.T. 66.2%, and measles 55.4% respectively. 3. The vaccination rate was higher in children in the area near from the health subcenter than in there of the area further away. 4. Out of 87 respondants, 87.5% knew one or more methods of contraception for spacing children. These were: loop 69.0%, oral pill 66.7% and condom 14.9% respectively. 5. Out of 87 respondants, 82.2% knew the methods of contraception for sterilization. These were: laparascopy 87.5% and vasectomy 16.9%. 6. Out of 87 respondants those who had experience using contraceptive methods were 70.1% and present users were 47.1%. 7. Contraception practice rate was higher in the group of housewives having middle school education or above than those having primary school education or less. 8. Functions of the health subcenter listed by respondants were: patients care 72.4%, family planning 31.0%, vaccination 23.0%, T.B. control 3.4%, health education 3.4%, infant birth delivery assistance 1.1% respectively. 9. Housewives who knew that there is a village health voluntary worker in their own village were 63.2%(55), and 58.2% of those who knew appreciated her activities. 10. Purposes of expenditure of Myun community health development funds listed by respondants were: aid for patient care 34.5%, aid for health subcenter operation 16.1%, and aid for Myun health development 6.9% respectively. 11. It seems that both of the distance from the health subcenter and the utility rate level of the village health voluntary worker are co-related to the B.C.G. vaccination rate of children. 12. It seems that both of the distance from the health subcenter and the utility rate level of the village health voluntary worker are not co-related to the rate of contraception practice.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2009

The problems to compute the distances or similarities of multiple strings have been vigorously studied in such diverse fields as pattern matching, web searching, bioinformatics, computer security, etc. One well-known method to compare multiple strings in the given set is finding a consensus string which is a representative of the given set. There are two objective functions that are frequently used to find a consensus string, one is the radius and the other is the consensus error. The radius of a string x with respect to a set S of strings is the smallest number r such that the distance between the string x and each string in S is at most r. A consensus string based on radius is a string that minimizes the radius with respect to a given set. The consensus error of a string with respect to a given set S is the sum of the distances between x and all the strings in S. A consensus string of S based on consensus error is a string that minimizes the consensus error with respect to S. In this paper, we show that the problem of finding a consensus string based on radius is NP-complete when the distance function is a metric.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2008

Bio-implantable devices such as heart pacers, gastric pacers and drug-delivery systems require power for carrying out their intended functions. These devices are usually powered through a battery implanted with the system or are wired to an external power source. This paper describes an inductive power transmission link, which was developed for an implantable stimulator for direct stimulation of denervated muscles. The carrier frequency is around 1MHz, the transmitter coil has a diameter of 46mm, and the implant coil is 46mm. Data transmission to the implant with amplitude shift keying (ASK) and back to the transmitter with passive telemetry can be added without major design changes. We chose the range of coil spacing (2 to 30mm) to care for lateral misalignment, as it occurs in practical use. If the transmitter coil has a well defined and reliable position in respect to the implant, a smaller working range might be sufficient. Under these conditions the link can be operated in fixed frequency mode, and reaches even higher efficiencies of up to 37%. The link transmits a current of 50 mA over a distance range of 2-15 mm with an efficiency of more than 20% in tracking frequency. The efficiency of the link was optimized with different approaches. A class E transmitter was used to minimize losses of the power stage. The geometry and material of the transmitter coil was optimized for maximum coupling. Phase lock techniques were used to achieve frequency tracking, keeping the transmitter optimally tuned at different coupling conditions caused by coil distance variations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.146-154
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• 2006

Objectives : Siguan points (LI4, LR3) have been most frequently applied for various diseases, especially different digestive disorders such as constipation, abdominal pain or various intestinal inflammatory diseases. The fact that gastrointestina movement is closely connected with physiologic functions or pathologic process of alimentary canal led us to ask the question if Siguan points affects on intestinal motility. Design: To investigate the effect of Siguan acupuncture on the intestinal movement in both physiologic and pathologic conditions, we divided the experimental animals into 12 groups. Six groups were pre-treated with loperamide (0.5 mg/kg, sc) or scoploamine (0.5 mg/kg, sc) to suppress the intestinal movement and another three groups were pretreated with carbachol (0.5 mg/kg, po) to activate it, whereas the rest three groups didn't receive any pretreatment to be kept in the physiological condition. After the administration with charcoal meal, mice were acupunctured bilaterally on sham point or Siguan points as the manner of tap-stimulation, with the exception of no acupuncture groups. Methods : Mice were scarified in twenty minutes after the administration of charcoal to measure the distance of charcoal passage from stomach-duodenal junction. The effect on intestinal movement was presented by calculating the relative distance where charcoal arrived to total length of small intestine. Results : In physiological state, charcoal meal passed around 53%, and there was no significant difference between Siguan points and sham points groups. On the other hand. Siguan points-sitimulation significantly ameliorated loperamide or scoplolamine-induced suppressed travel rate of 17.3 % and 18.6% in sham point into 26% and 26.3% respectively (p<0.05). In carbachol-induced accelerated condition, Siguan points-stimulation didn't affect intestinal motility comparing to sham point group passed about 97.6%. Conclusions : These results postulate that acupuncture at Siguan points have a therapeutic effect by restoring cholinergic activity on pathogenically suppressed intestinal peristalsis, but does not affect the gastrointestinal motility in the normal or accelerated condition.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1B
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

This study suggests new synthetic unit hydrograph method considering hydrodynamic characteristic on the basin. The suggested method based on width function GIUH, and the procedure is summarized as follows; 1) Draw up a travel distance distribution map (width function) which is raster of length between from center of individual cells to the outlet by GIS. 2) Calculation of travel time distribution map (rescaled width function) by hydrodynamic parameters and travel distance distribution map. 3) Derivation of IUH and Duration UH from rescaled width function. 4) Comparison of shape of UH between suggested method and existing synthetic unit hydrograph methods. The target basins are selected Ipyeong and Tanbu subwatershed in the Bocheong Basin. The target basins are similar scale (watershed area), but different drainage structure (drainage density et al.). Therefore we anticipate that there are different hydrologic response functions because different hydrodynamic characteristics. As a result of derivation of UH, existing synthetic unit hydrograph methods are similar shape of UHs about Ipyeong and Tanbu watersheds, but the suggested method is different shape of ones. As a result of application to observed data, the peak discharge by suggested method is similar to existing synthetic unit hydrograph methods, but the peak time is well correspondence between those. Henceforth, if the suggested method combines with the rational velocity estimation method, it is useful method for synthetic of UH in ungauged watershed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5C
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

The rockbolt functions as a main support, which restricts enlargement of the plasticity area and increases stability in the original ground around tunnels, and prevents a second deformation of an excavated surface by supplementing vulnerability arising from opening of the excavated surface. System bolting is generally applied if ground conditions are bad. System bolting is generally installed perpendicular to the excavation direction in every span. If a place is narrow, or it is difficult to insert bolts due to construction conditions, it may be connected and used with short bolts, or installed obliquely. In this study, laboratory model tests were performed to analyze the effect of the ground being reinforced by inclined bolts, based on a bending theory that assumes that the reinforced ground is a simple beam. In all test cases, deflections and vertical earth pressures induced by overburden soil pressure were measured. Total of 99 model tests were carried out, by changing the installation angle of bolts, lateral and longitudinal distance of bolts, and soil height. The model test results indicated that when the installation angle of bolts was less than $75^{\circ}$, deflections of model beams tended to increase rapidly. Also, the relaxed load that was calculated by earth pressure was rapidly increased when the installation angle of bolts was less than $75^{\circ}$. However, the optimum installation angle of inclined bolts was judged to be in the range of $90^{\circ}{\sim}75^{\circ}$. Also, as might be expected, the reinforcement effect of bolts was increased when the longitudinal and lateral distance of bolts was decreased.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.8-14
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• 2011

The optimal geometry of the gate field plate in AlGaN/GaN-on-Si HEMT has been proposed using two-dimensional device simulation to achieve a high breakdown voltage for a given gate-to-drain distance. It was found that the breakdown voltage was drastically enhanced due to the reduced electric field at the gate corner when a gate field plate was employed. The electric field distribution at the gate corner and the field plate edge was investigated as functions of field plate length and insulator thickness. According to the simulation results, the electric field at the gate corner can be successfully reduced even with the field plate length of 1 ${\mu}m$. On the other hand, when the field plate length is too long, the distance between field plate and drain electrode is reduced below a critical level, which eventually lowers the breakdown voltage. The highest breakdown voltage was achieved with the field plate length of 1 ${\mu}m$. According to the simulation results varying the $SiN_x$ film thickness for the fixed field plate length of 1 ${\mu}m$, the optimum thickness range of the $SiN_x$ film was 200 - 300 nm where the electric field strength at the field plate edge counterbalances that of the gate corner.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2334-2339
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• 2009

In case of an embedded system having an LCD panel with touch-screen capability, various figures such as rectangles, pentagons, circles, and arrows are frequently used for the delivery of user-input commands. In such a case, it is necessary to have an algorithm that can recognize whether a touched location is within a figure on which a specific user-input command is assigned. Such algorithms, however, impose a considerable amount of overhead for embedded systems with restricted amount of computing resources. This paper first describes a method for initializing and driving a touch-screen LCD and a coordinate-calibration method that converts touch-screen coordinates into LCD panel coordinates. Then it introduces methods that can be used for recognizing touched areas of rectangles, many-sided figures like pentagons, and circles; they are a range checking method for rectangles, a crossing number checking method for many-sided figures, a distance measurement method for circles, and a color comparison method that can be applied to all figures. In order to evaluate the performance of these methods, we implement two-dimensional graphics functions for drawing figures like triangles, rectangles, circles, and images. Then, we draw such figures and measures times spent for the touched-area recognition of these figures. Measurements show that the range checking is the most suitable method for rectangles, the distance measurement for circles, and the color comparison for many-sided figures and images.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.340-351
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• 2003

We introduce our experiences of the design and implementation of the Page Together system that has expanded hyperlink metaphor to utilize human resources in the web. This system supports that a user connects with others in the web, communicates through video/audio channel, navigates same web pages simultaneously and cooperates some work on Internet. For these functions, it comprises Collaborative Browsing Module (CBM), Multimedia Conferencing Module(MCM) Data Conferencing Module(I)CM) and Multi Protocol Interface(MPI). We adopted three standard protocols, IEC, H.323 and T.120 for each nodule and it allows developers to use them easily. We also defined MPI to synchronize information of session among modules. Each module exchanges information each other in session creating process and session terminating process. After a session is created once, each module works independently as its won protocol. Interferences among modules are reduced as minimizing to exchange information. We also introduce a web site that provides web board service based on the Page Together system. A user may post a notice with a link to himself/herself on our web board. After then, if someone read that notice and has any question about it, he or she can try to connect to the writer as clicking the link in that notice and communicate each other. This service site shows that our system can be applied to diverse internet services such as distance teaming and distance conference.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2019

Wetlands that provide diverse ecosystem services, such as habitat provision and hydrological control of flora and fauna, constitute ecosystems through interaction between wetlands existing in a wetlandscape. Therefore, to evaluate the wetland functions such as resilience, it is necessary to analyze the ecological connectivity that is formed between wetlands which also show hydrologically dynamic behaviors. In this study, by defining wetlands as ecological nodes, we generated ecological networks through the connection of wetlands according to the dispersal model of wetland species. The characteristics of these networks were then analyzed using various network metrics. In the case of the dispersal based on a threshold distance, while a high local clustering is observed compared to the exponential dispersal kernel and heavy-tailed dispersal model, it showed a low efficiency in the movement between wetlands. On the other hand, in the case of the stochastic dispersion model, a low local clustering with high efficiency in the movement was observed. Our results confirmed that the ecological network characteristics are completely different depending on which dispersal model is chosen, and one should be careful on selecting the appropriate model for identifying network properties which highly affect the interpretation of network structure and function.