• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.449-451
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• 2004

In the building, there are a lot of electricity, electrodes, and communication equipment. Many of those equipment needs to earthing. Naturally, the earth electrodes are constructed in the site of a building. In such a situation, when electric current flows into a certain earthing system the potential of other earthing systems rises. That is, the potential interference will take place between the earth electrodes. The conventional study has been considered by only the relation of the distance between the earth electrodes using the potential distribution formula of earth surface. However, it is necessary to inquire strictly, taking the surface potential of electrodes by electrode form into consideration. In this paper, basic formula is deduced on the basis of both electrodes surface potential of earth electrode as a source of the potential interference and earth electrode which receives the potential interference.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.59-63
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• 2009

In this study, Nano-geosynthetics with electroosmosis method was used and tried to verify the possibility of usage for soft ground improvement. Electroosmosis tests were performed with increasing the voltage level and changing distance between electrodes. The electrokinetic cell was assembled and a Nano-geosynthetics was inserted into the plastic drain board. And electroosmosis was applied to the disturbed kaolin clay. In order to study the effects of ground improvement, ground settlement, water content, collected pore water and shear strength were compared and analyzed with non-applied kaolin clay. Also, the electroosmosis tests were performed with changing the distance between electrodes and the voltage size. As a results of changing the distance and voltage between electrodes, the more voltage size was increased, the more the settlement of ground, shear strength and collected pore water were increased. As the distance between electrodes were increased, the settlement of ground, shear strength, water content and collected pore water were decreased. Finally, Nano-geosynthetics as a material of electrode have the sufficient potential to improve soft ground.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2005

We present an air bridge type electrode system with tunable electrode distance for detecting electroactive biomolecules. It is known that the narrower gap between electrode fingers, the higher sensitivity in IDA (interdigitated array) electrode. In previous researches on IDA electrode, narrower patterning required much precise and expensive equipment as the gap goes down to nanometer scale. In this paper, an improved method is suggested to replace nano gap pattering with downsizing electrode distance and showed that the patterning can be replaced by thickness control using metal deposition methods, such as electroplating or metal sputtering. The air bridge type electrode was completed by the following procedures: gold patterning for lower electrode, copper electroplating, gold deposition for upper electrode, photoresist patterning for gold film support, and copper etching for space formation. The thickness of copper electroplating is the distance between upper and lower electrodes. Because the growth rate of electroplating is $0.5{\mu}m\;min^{-1}$, the distance is tunable up to hundreds of nanometers. Completed electrodes on the same wafer had $5{\mu}m$ electrode distance. The gaps between fingers are 10, 20, 30, and $40{\mu}m$ and the widths of fingers are 10, 20, 30, 40, and $50{\mu}m$. The air bridge type electrode system showed better sensitivity than planar electrode.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.550-557
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• 2006

This paper proposes a dry-type surface myoelectric sensor for the myoelectric hand prosthesis. The designed surface myoelectric sensor is composed of skin interface and processing circuits. The skin interface has one reference and two input electrodes, and the reference electrode is located in the center of two input electrodes. In this paper is proposed two types of sensors with the circle- and bar-shaped reference electrode, but all input electrodes are the bar-shaped. The metal material of the electrodes is the stainless steel (SUS440) that endures sweat and wet conditions. Considering the conduction velocity and the median frequency of the myoelectric signal, the inter-electrode distance (IED) between two input electrodes as 18mm, 20mm, and 22mm is selected. The signal processing circuit consists of a differential amplifier with a band pass filter, a band rejection filter for rejecting 60Hz power-line noise, amplifiers, and a mean absolute value(MAV) circuit. Using SUS440, six prototype skin interface with different reference electrode shape and IED is fabricated, and their output characteristics are evaluated by output signal obtained from the forearm of a healthy subject. The experimental results show that the skin interface with parallel bar shape and the 18mm IED has a good output characteristics. The fabricated dry-type surface myoelectric sensor is evaluated for the upper-limb amputee.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2076-2081
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• 2008

In this study, a new concept of a flow sensor is developed using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Current of DBD generated between two electrodes is changed with varying flow rates. Therefore, it is possible to measure the flow rate by correlating generated DBD current with flow rates. The effects of flow rate, frequency, channel height, diameter of electrodes and distance between electrodes on the performance of the flow sensor using DBD are experimentally investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.768-771
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• 2001

Non-contacting capacitive sensor, based on principle of the cross capacitor, for measuring of $\mu\textrm{m}$-order displacements have been fabricated and characterized. To overcome disadvantages of the existed capacitive sensors of parallel type with 2-electrodes and 3-electrodes, the developed new sensor was designed to have 4-electrodes, two of them used high and low electrode the other two used as guard electrodes, on a sapphire plate with diameter 17 mm and thickness 0.7 mm, and are symmetrically situated with a constant gap of 0.2 mm between the electrodes. This sensor can be used for measuring the distance between sensor and target not only the metallic but also non-metallic target without ground connection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2013

Redox cycling in between the two working electrodes in an electrochemical cell can lead a great signal enhancement. In this work, we report on a systematic examination of current amplification along with the decrease in the gap distance of a nanogap device which was fabricated by the combination of photo and chemical lithography [1]. The gap distance was controlled by the chemical lithographic process of surfacecatalyzed growth of metallic layer on pre-defined electrodes with wider initial gap. Enhancement of the redox current of ferri/ferrocyanide was observed upon gap distance reduction and the current is amplified about a thousand times in this redox system when the gap distance was decreased from 200 nm to 30 nm. The experimental results were discussed on the basis of the cyclic voltammetry (CV), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.114-119
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• 2015

The different between two potential voltages can cause the electric field. The electric field is normally distributed along the radius of electrode, and hence it depends on the shape of electrodes. This paper analyses the distribution factor of electric field of symmetrical and asymmetrical concentric electrodes by using Finite Element technique. This allows an analysis the optimum safety clearance distance between two concentric electrodes. The symmetrical concentric electrode refers to Spherical-Spherical concentric electrodes and Cylindrical-Cylindrical concentric electrodes. It must be noted that the symmetrical electrodes are mostly applied for Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) equipments. The asymmetrical electrodes mention to Spherical (inner)-Cylindrical (outer) concentric electrodes and Cylindrical-Cube concentric electrodes, which present as the connection point of High Voltage (HV) cable. The simulations is also complies with the existing standards and regulations in order to ensure the accurate results.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2022

Background: Disinfection is essential to provide drinking water from a water source. The disinfection process mainly consists of the use of chlorine and ozone, but when chlorine is used as a disinfectant, the problem of disinfection by-products arises. In order to resolve the issue of disinfection by-products, electro-chlorination technology that produces chlorine-based disinfectants from salt water through electrochemical principles should be applied. Objectives: This study surveys the possibility of optimally producing active chlorine from synthetic NaCl solutions using an electro-chlorination system through RSM. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for modeling and optimizing a variety of water and wastewater treatment processes. This study surveys the possibility of optimally producing active chlorine from synthetic saline solutions using electrolysis through RSM. Various operating parameters, such as distance of electrodes, sodium chloride concentration, electrical potential, and electrolysis time were evaluated. Results: Various operating parameters, such as distance of electrodes, sodium chloride concentration, electrical potential, and electrolysis time were evaluated. A central composite design (CCD) was applied to determine the optimal experimental factors for chlorine production. Conclusions: The concentration of the synthetic NaCl solution and the distance between electrodes had the greatest influence on the generation of hypochlorite disinfectant. The closer the distance between the electrodes and the higher the concentration of the synthetic NaCl solution, the more hypochlorous acid disinfectant was produced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.1084-1087
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• 2002

The guard-ring type 3-terminal parallel plate electrodes proposed by ASTM D 150-81 and IEC 250 have been widely used for measurement of dielectric constants of solid dielectrics. However the method using this electrodes causes many uncertainty associated with the measurement errors of the diameter of the guarded electrode. the gap between guarded and guard-ring electrode. the distance of two active electrodes(the thickness of specimen), the roughness and contamination of surface of electrode and specimen. close adherence grade of electrode and specimen. In this paper. a new electrode system of cross capacitance type based on Thompson-Lampard theorem is designed and is employed for the measurement of dielectric constant. The results of simulation of guard-ring electrode and cross capacitance electrode using FEM program show that distance measurement between two electrodes in guard-ring electrode produces large uncertainty. on the other hand this effect in cross capacitance electrode is negligible. Furthermore. the air gap effects in the cross capacitance electrode is 5.6 times less sensitive than that in guard-ring electrode by assuming air gap of $50{\mu}m$.