• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.194-213
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• 1980

The paper describes and quantifies the wastes arising in the nuclear fuel cycle for Light Water Reactors, Heavy Water Reactors and Fast Breeder Reactors. The management and disposal technologies are indicated, together with their environmental impacts. Both once-through and uranium-plutonium recycle systems are evaluated, and comparisons are made on the basis of tingle reference technologies for waste management, and for one gigawatt/year of electricity generation. Environmental impacts are assessed, particularly that of health and safety, and a reference costing system is applied purely as a basis for comparing the fuel cycles. From this study it call be concluded generally that the relative differences of the impacts of waste management and disposal between the selected fuel cycles are not decisive factors in choosing a fuel cycle. Employing the technologies assumed, the radioactive wastes from any of the fuel cycles studied can be managed and disposed of with a high degree of safety and without undue risk to man or the environment. The cost of waste management and disposal is only a few percent of the value of the electricity generated and does not vary greatly between fuel cycles.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018년도 추계학술논문요약집
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• pp.211-212
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• 2018

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018년도 춘계학술논문요약집
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• pp.137-138
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• 2018

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017년도 춘계학술논문요약집
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• pp.185-186
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• 2017

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is study how housewives dispose unused medications in a household and produce basic research data that can be used to establish efficient recycling and handling of unused medications. Data collection was done using proportional sampling and survey was done in February, 2011. The unused medications in household consist of "tablets(58.4%)", "ointment(31.3%)" and "eyewash(22.7%)". The main way of disposing unused medications was "standard garbage bag(74.1%)". The ideal way of disposing unused medications was "returning to the pharmacy(57.9%)". Only 39.2% of people recognize about unused medications disposal system. In order to establish recycling and treatment of unused medications, it is necessary to create laws and regulations related to unused medications and allocate budget to actively promote the program to public. Most importantly, we must induce doctors and pharmacies to participate in the campaign and there should be laws to require them to explain to their patients how to recycle and treat unused medications when they give prescription and make preparation to them.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.505-534
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• 2006

Ensuring sufficient supplies of clean, economic and acceptable energy is a critical global challenge for the 21st century. There seems little alternative to a greatly expanded role for nuclear power, but implementation of this option will depend on ensuring that all resulting wastes can be disposed of safely. Although there is a consensus on the fundamental feasibility of such disposal by experts in the field, concepts have to be developed to make them more practical to implement and, in particular, more acceptable to key stakeholders. By considering global trends and using illustrative examples from Japan, key areas for future R&D are identified and potential areas where the synergies of international collaboration would be beneficial are highlighted.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1864-1874
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• 2005

This paper describes a wearable multi-modal user interface design and its implementation for a teleoperated field robot system. Recently some teleoperated field robots are employed for hazard environment applications (e.g. rescue, explosive ordnance disposal, security). To complete these missions in outdoor environment, the robot system must have appropriate functions, accuracy and reliability. However, the more functions it has, the more difficulties occur in operation of the functions. To cope up with this problem, an effective user interface should be developed. Furthermore, the user interface is needed to be wearable for portability and prompt action. This research starts at the question: how to teleoperate the complicated slave robot easily. The main challenge is to make a simple and intuitive user interface with a wearable shape and size. This research provides multi-modalities such as visual, auditory and haptic sense. It enables an operator to control every functions of a field robot more intuitively. As a result, an EOD (explosive ordnance disposal) demonstration is conducted to verify the validity of the proposed wearable multi-modal user interface.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.837-847
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• 2001

The main purposes of this study were to survey and assess the current situation surrounding solid waste generation in school foodservices, to identify and evaluate the measures(reduction and recycling programs) taken by the foodservices for waste disposal, and to suggest appropriate reform measures to improve the current status, especially in terms of environmental preservation. Questionnaires on solid waste management practices were mailed to 206 school foodservice dietitians in the Kyungbuk region : a 64.0%(N = 130) response rate was obtained. While there are food waste and packaging waste generated from the foodservice operations, about a third(34.1%) of the foodservice operations were responsible for the disposal of both the food wastes and packaging wastes. About 90% of school foodservice managers were responsible for managing solid wastes. The primary recycling methods of leftovers generated from the school food service operations were livestock feed(76.0%). About 60.0% of school foodservice managers conducted the food waste reduction program. The performance by the foodservice managers in reducing the food waste was not satisfactory in several fields, such as developing environmentally friendly menus or abiding by the standard recipe, etc. In addition, the government assistance system was not properly working in the food service management. In conclusion, we should focus on increasing the performance in reducing the food waste by the foodservice managers, strengthening and facilitating the government assistance system for the food waste management and to develop education methods and education materials for food waste management.

• 멤브레인
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

연구는 음식물 쓰레기를 음식물 소멸기에서 미생물에 의해 발효하여 유기물을 감량화하고, 음식물 발효시 발생되는 가스를 냉각기에서 기체와 수분으로 분리하여 기체는 반응기로 다시 보내고 수분은 응축하여 침지식 MF 중공사 분리막이 장착된 MBR 시스템에 적용하여 처리하는 시스템에 관한 연구이다. (주)바이오하이테크에서 제작한 음식물 소멸기와 수처리 장치에 침지식 MF 중공사 모듈을 설치하여 90일간 H연구소 직원식당에서 발생되는 음식물 쓰레기를 연속 투입하여 처리하였다. 음식물 소멸기 초기 Seeding를 위하여 수분조절제로 미강, 왕겨, 톱밥을 305 kg 투입하였고 음식물은 운전기간동안 1,648 kg투입하였고 응축폐수는 1,600 L 발생되었다. 음식물 소멸기 운전 종료 후 배출된 발효 부산물은 386 kg으로 감량율은 약 80%로 조사되었다. 침지식 MF 중공사 분리막 모듈을 응축폐수의 MBR 시스템에 적용하여 유기물 처리한 결과 제거율은 각각 BOD 99.9%, COD 97.5%, SS 98.6%, T-N 54.6%, T-P 34.7%였으며, 총대장균은 100%가 제거되었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

원자력발전소에서 발생되는 고준위폐기물은 지하 수백 미터 깊이의 암반에 처분된다. 이러한 고준위폐기물은 인체에 유해하기에 공학적방벽시스템에 의해 안전하게 처분되어야 하며, 공학적방벽시스템은 처분용기, 뒤채움재, 완충재 등으로 구성된다. 고준위폐기물처분장에 이러한 공학적방벽시스템의 구성요소를 설치하게 되면, 처분용기 및 완충재 사이, 완충재와 자연 암반 사이 등에 갭이 존재하게 된다. 이러한 갭의 존재로 인해 공학적방벽재의 차수능과 열전달 효율이 떨어질 수 있기에, 갭 공간의 크기 및 갭채움재 특성 평가 등의 연구가 반드시 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 해외에 비해 국내 처분시스템을 고려한 갭 공간 및 갭채움재에 대한 연구는 아직 진행되고 있지 않는 상황이기에, 본 연구에서는 수치해석을 통해 국내 처분시스템을 고려한 갭 공간이 공기로 채워져 있는 조건하에서 갭의 크기에 따른 벤토나이트 완충재의 첨두 온도를 도출하였다. 처분용기와 완충재 사이의 갭 공간이 완충재의 첨두 온도에 미치는 영향은 미미하였으나, 완충재와 자연 암반 사이의 갭 공간에 따른 완충재의 첨두 온도는 최고 약 40%의 차이를 나타냈다.