• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.70-77
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• 2020

Configuration management is an important project management method. Configuration management is increasing daily and improving defense power as a management tool for technical data of power support systems. Configuration management work must be carried out properly from the beginning of development to acquire an excellent weapon system. In procurement, configuration management is a vital factor that can determine the cost of maintaining operations during the transfer of military supplies and carry out systematic management among operational support. Countries are making changes to policies and systems to manage R&D, standards, and patents in conjunction with each other from the beginning of research and execution, and it is important to establish the concept of managing and controlling the configuration as an efficient means of managing military resources. To identify the activity details during the entire life cycle from the beginning of acquisition to the end of disposal by linking munitions configuration control with the total life cycle, and redefine the appropriate work system, this study investigated and analyzed the U.S. configuration control procedures to identify the activity details and present areas to develop.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 2017

Functional and nutritional soluble proteins can be recovered from surimi (and surimi-like material) processing wastewater, reducing environmental problems and the cost of an irresponsible waste disposal. Recovered proteins may be added back at a low percentage to surimi products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of soluble recovered proteins (RP), obtained from mechanically separated chicken meat surimi-like material (MSCM-SLM) processing wastewater by acidic pH-shifting, on the composition and texture of RP-MSCM-SLM, with RP contents of 0, 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) in the mixture. For that, proximate composition and gel properties were evaluated. The fat content of the MSCM-SLM was significantly reduced to 11.98% and protein increased to 83.64% (dry basis) after three washing cycles. The addition of 30% RP in the MSCM-SLM significantly augmented the protein content to 93.45% and reduced fat content from to 2.78%. On the other hand, the addition of RP was responsible for a drastic decrease in texture parameters, reaching 252.36 g, 185.23 g.cm, and 6.97 N for breaking force, gel strength and cutting strength, respectively, when 30% of RP was included in the MSCM-SLM. It was concluded that the obtained intermediary product (RP-MSCM-SLM) is a good option to applications in processed meat products where high texture parameters are dispensable, e.g., emulsified inlaid frankfurter-type sausages, but high protein content and low fat content desired.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.136-136
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• 2017

By-products has been considered lately in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) as an alternative to livestock feed around the world. This is due to the high cost of using forage as feed, less expense in exploring by-products of agriculture origin and environmental concerns with their disposal. However, by-products usually contain contaminants and the production process requires fermentation using a storage and fermentation tank. Animal feed is the start point of the food safety chain in the 'farm-to-fork' model. This necessitated a study to model a protocol that will culminate to safe feed production. Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical and physical hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe was explored. Implementation of this model provides a mechanism that ensures product safety is continuously achieved. The entire production process of By-products feed production was evaluated using HACCP wizard software. This includes the plant layout, technical standards, storage and fermentation tank cleansing method, staff assignment, safety control method, and distribution. The potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every step of the production process were identified, and then critical control points (CCPs) were selected. This will ensure the safety of products made from livestock that consumes by-product feed. These includes cheese, milk, beef, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.2 s.92
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• pp.199-204
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• 2006

Recently, The sludge water of ready mixed concrete has been investigated because of environmental pollution and disposal cost. So, sludge water is partially reused as mixing water. However, if sludge water is reused too much that would influence the qualify of concrete. KS specification limits the amount of sludge content up to 3% of cement weight. In this study, the effect of ready mixed concrete sludge on the characteristics of concrete is compared to raise the reuse ratio of sludge of ready mixed concrete. According to this experiment results, as blending ratio of re-mi-con sludge increases, workability is decreases. However, the sludge of ready mixed concrete water have a positive effect on the strength development. The drying shrinkage and the resistance of freezing and thawing have a minor effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.11-12
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• 2005

With the great advances in process understanding, sensor and instrumentation technology and modelling capability it is important to ask what if any practical benefits can the lake manager and operator look forward to. Here, we examine some of the more important problems facing operators of drinking reservoirs, hydro-lakes and lakes used predominantly for recreation and the environment. In drinking reservoirs the main problems originate from increased loadings of nutrients leading to increased biomass and biomass that may give rise to toxins, of anthropogenic chemicals such as metals and synthetic organics and of pathogens of different types. Hydro-lakes are predominantly plagued by problems arising from low oxygen levels in the hypolimnion and in recreational and environmentally sensitive lakes the biggest challenge for the operator is to maintain an existing or establish a new trophic hierarchy or protect the water body from foreign species. The control variables that are at an operator's disposal are the choice of lake water level, the modification of the water colunm stratification via a de-stratification system, the modification of the lake flow path with flow intervention. curtains, intervention in the catchments to modify the loadings flowing into a lake, manipulation of the trophic chain with introduction of new species and chemical dosing, the latter being of marginal use in a large lake. Each of these options is cost effective under certain-circumstances. We endeavour to provide a users guide for their application and show how, especially new instrumentation and modelling methodologies may be used to achieve an effective intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2017

This paper presents a laboratory investigation into the effects of fillers using industrial by-product such as coal ash, IGCC slag on properties of hot-mixed asphalt concrete variation with filler content. For comparison, existing mixture with lime and dust have also been considered. Marshall and flow test has been considered for the purpose of mix design as well as evaluation of mixture. Other performance tests such as indirect tensile strength test, tensile strength ratio(moisture susceptibility), dynamic stability have also been carried out variation with filler content. It is observed that the mixes with industrial by-product exhibit conform with quality standard. Therefore, it has been recommended to utilize industrial by-product based on fly ash wherever available, not only reducing the produce cost but also partly solve the industrial by-product utilization and disposal problem.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 2000

Field experiment was performed from August 1996 to December 1999 to examine the feasibility of constructed wetland system for sewage treatment in rural areas. A pilot system was installed in Konkuk University and the effluent of septic tank for school building was used as an influent to the wetland treatment basin. The system was composed of sand and reed, and operated continuously including winter time. Average removal rate of about 70% was observed for BOD, COD, and SS, about 50% for T-P, and about 25% for T-N. The reason for poor T-N removal might be due to high loading rate and short retention time. The system demonstrated satisfactory effluent concentration and stable performance in growing season. And it also worked adequately in wintertime even below $10^{\circ}C$ without freezing, and removal was still significant. The amount removed in BOD, COD, and SS was almost the same as in the growing season, and the amount removed in nutrients was about half of the one in growing season. Overall performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB, 1994), and it was within the range of general system performance. As study period increased, removal rates for BOD, COD, SS, and T-P were consistently maintained and even enhanced, but removal rate for T-N decreased slightly. Wetland system was thought to be a feasible alternative for sewage treatment in rural area considering its low cost and low maintenance requirement. However, the effluent of the experimental wetland system often exceeded current effluent water quality standards, therefore, further treatment could be required if the effluent should be discharged to public waters. Wetland system of interest locates in rural area and is a part of rural ecosystem, therefore, ultimate disposal of reclaimed sewage for agricultural purpose or subsequent land treatment might be available and further research in this matter is recommended.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.466-476
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• 2016

Dredging is inevitably necessary for the management of water infrastructure such as waterways and polluted bottom sediment. Dredged material management options may be offshore dumping, wetland creation, beach nourishment and various other engineering uses depending on the given circumstances at the time of dredging. Among those options, wetland creation and beach nourishment are the preferred ones in Korea considering significant loss of wetland and beach erosion due to various development projects along the coastal region. In order to use dredged material beneficially, however, dredged material needs to be assessed its suitability with respect to its engineering purpose and environmental criteria. In this paper, we demonstrate that environmental risk of dredged material to be introduced into the marine environment can be easily assessed using biomarkers with relative low cost. Biomarkers can also compliment pollutant contents analysis that may not be specific to their impact on biological response. Biomarker information may be used to assist decision making process in selecting suitable treatment or beneficial use options for dredged materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.219-227
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• 2016

As the largest source of food waste is housing, and the food waste properties are good enough to recycle, the proactive approach to conventional food waste disposal is highly regarded. This research is to examine food waste management in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and non-SMA and to analyze the public inclination to disseminate zero-food waste system (ZFWS) with fermentation and extinction technology in multifamily housing estates. The self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted and the collected data were statistically analyzed. The main findings are summarized as follows: food waste in multifamily housing estates were retrieved by refuse truck and largely recycled for compost and forage. Also, many local governments were in favor of ZFWS, and unwilling to invest in it due to financial constraint. It's found that logistics of ZFWS is likely to be influenced by important features such as a considerable amount of cost saving, effective energy recovery, and efficient operation/management.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 2012

In this study, the treatment flow of the recyclables(paper, plastic, metal, etc.) collected and separated from MSW was investigated throughout entire phase from separation and collection to final disposal. Based on the site survey, most recyclables came into six material recovery facilities were comparatively managed well. However, some of recyclables showed irrelatively transportation flow. Because the main income source of the recyclables transportation companies is profit margin between treatment and transportation cost based on economics only therefore, it occurs an unnecessary route and long distance transportation while going to final destination. This unreasonable system should be a serious problem relating establishment of the resource recycling system. As a result of this study, in order to establish the reasonably resource recycling system, recycling center including material recovery facility has to manage the recyclables generated in close range preferentially. Also integrated its treatment system over a wide area will need to be considered as a basic step for the reasonable reasonably resource recycling system.