• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 1994

In last few decades Food and Beverage industry has being treated as an important sector in modern industrial society due to more disposable income and the changes of social, and cultural life style in Korea. Especially the kitchen takes part in an important role in F&B industry and it's study should be done in various aspects. therefore, this study is focussed on the efficient organization and operation of the kitchen. Organization means act of organizing or condition of being organized or organized system. In this study, organization is being examined on the background of the organization theory from the industrial revolutionary period untill present. And the Korean cooking history which takes part of kitchen organization has been analyzed and compared with that of the Western. The improved kitchen organization was presented through all the above in this study. And all the efforts toward the development in kitchen organization to be tried under the close relationship with the technological, ,kitchen functional, managerial and concerned subsidiary systematic situations. We can try to improve the creativeness and progress for organization through all these challenges.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.4
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• pp.57-72
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• 1998

Now a days, people are interested in tourism and leisure activity more and because of the increase of pastime and disposable income as a result of current economic growth. The importance of service industry in getting more serious thereby food industry, especially fastfood, is becoming popular in Korea. Food industry in Korea has been showing high growth rate in both quantity and quality for 10 years and fastfood chains maintains radical growth with 50% being forecasted that they will make huge market in Korea. Therefore, fastfood industry seems to be promising industry which has high potentials. This rapid growth of fastfood industry has been solving a lot of problems such as insanitation, low nutrition, and bad service quality and its positive aspects which make revolutional changes in production and sales are emphasized because it made industrialization with innovative system. So various menu development and service marketing strategy are really need to manage chains for the situation in Korea. Thus, the competitiveness of fastfood clams is dependent on the location of restaurant and the quality of various products. If the marketing strategy for fastfood industry need to established. constant studies should be done to resolve these problems.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2022

Religions and beliefs can affect the shopping behaviors of its followers and practitioners. However, the knowledge about the factors that motivate, facilitate and even constrain customers' purchase of spiritual goods, such as feng shui items, is limited. Therefore, in this study, I examined the reasons, facilitators, and constraints of purchasing spiritual goods from the buyers' perspective. Two research questions directed the examination process, including (1) why users buy spiritual goods? And (2) what factors may facilitate or constrain the purchase and use of spiritual goods? Using Vietnam's feng shui market as the context, I applied the autoethnographic and ethnographic methods to collect and analyze the data. I found that the two main reasons to purchase the feng shui items were the products' meaning and beauty. In addition, I observed three groups of factors that could facilitate or constrain the purchase and use of feng shui items, including information about the products and their sellers, disposable income and life stage of the buyers, and price and authenticity of the products. Finally, based on these findings, I discussed the practical implications for managing the spiritual goods market in Vietnam.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2014

In this paper, we posit that time-related effects (i.e., the importance of saving time) on patronage preference for shopping online will be moderated by consumer characteristics. To explore these moderating effects, we empirically examine the moderating roles of consumer characteristics on the respective effects of shopping-time-saved and delivery on online purchase preference. On the basis of analyses performed on data gleaned from an Internet-based survey, this study demonstrate that time effects related to both shopping-time-saved and delivery on online purchase preference are more pronounced for consumers who are male, young, and more starved for time. In addition, the effect of delivery time on online patronage preference is amplified by disposable income, but attenuated by online shopping experience. Through our analyses, we also find that Japanese consumers value delivery time to a greater degree than Chinese and American consumers do.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.71-84
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• 2013

Purpose: The South African government is determined in alleviating poverty while encouraging job creation and protecting the disposable incomes of poor households. This article looks at the challenges that are facing the South African Social Security system and argues that the provision of income security is amongst the most practical expressions of a nation's cohesion and values. Research Design, Data and Methodology: There are seven proposals in the Social Security and Retirement Reform and these proposals are based on the following two principal objectives of the government, that is, to ensure a basic standard of living and to prevent destitution in old age or in circumstances of unemployment or incapacity partly or wholly through redistributive measures, and to encourage savings to provide for the replacement of income on retirement, disablement or death through long-term insurance arrangements. Results: This article evaluates these seven proposals, state old age pension, wage subsidy, mandatory participation in a national social security system for all, mandatory participation in private occupational or individual retirement funds, Voluntary additional contributions to occupational or individual retirement funds, reform of the governance and regulation of the retirement funding industry and reform of the tax system. Conclusion: This article concludes that the population size of South Africa has increased significantly to 51, 8 million in 2011 and therefore the time is right for bold new steps in improving income security of the poor and strengthening the fabric of social solidarity that binds all South Africans together.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.333-370
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• 2011

This study views the aged inequalities according to the inequality hypothesis of the life course perspective in OECD 10 countries. Focusing on educational level which is early social status and welfare state regime which is social structure factors of inequality, this study analyzes income inequality for the aged who have transformed into old age period from non-aged period. The analysis is based on the data SHARE of Europe and HRS of USA. The main results of this study are summarized in four points. First, the income inequality is quite high by welfare system and the educational level. Second, the income inequality is somewhat reduced in case the people move from the period of non-aged to the period of aged. However, gini coefficient is still high(0.475). Considering welfare state regimes, although the income inequality is high in conservative regime of non-aged period, this would be higher in aged period. This result supports cumulative advantages/disadvantages hypothesis. The liberal regime remains high income inequality which supports the theoretical argument of status maintenance. Social democratic regime provides evidence to offer some support for the status leveling hypothesis. In there, income inequality is lower in aged period even though income inequality of non-aged period is low. Third, the cumulative advantages/disadvantages of disposable income according to educational level are strengthened and heterogeneity is grown in case people transition from the late period of non-aged to aged period. But public pension has been more equally distributed than gross income. Fourth, seeing welfare state regimes, public pension of aged-period is more inequally distributed than that of non-aged period in liberal and conservative regime. Specially in conservative regime, inequality of gross income is very high and public pension is also inequally distribute So this might show that the social security system strengthens the cumulative advantages/disadvantages. However, in the social democratic regime, public pension is more equally distributed than gross income and it could be much more equally distributed in aged period, which can support the status leveling hypothesis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.136-148
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• 2016

This study was carried out to analyze the consumption expenditure condition of elderly persons with and without physical disabilities by social economic status and sociodemographic characteristics and to compare the results of those two groups for making an offer the basic materials to provide political support for elderly persons with physical disabilities. The statistical analysis of collected data was enforced through T-test, ANOVA and Crosstabs with SPSS 19.0 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the group with disabilities has presumed to be in relative poverty given that disposable income, academic career and total living expenses showed lower than the other group. Second, the component ratios of domestic foods and housing expenses of disabled group showed higher but those of specific spending items of expenditure such as social activities, reserving fund of social security for economic safety net, clothing and eating out expenses showed lower than the other group.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.555-585
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze affecting factors on life satisfaction level of the women and partial effects using Ordered Logit Model. For this purpose, socio-economic factors are selected as major independent factors. And the data used was from the third 'Korea Welfare Panel Study'. Analysis shows that social life factors such as the satisfaction of leisure activities, social relationships, family member communication, and positive attitude to life had positive effects with the life satisfaction level of the women. However, economic factors such as home ownership, disposable income had a lower positive impact compared to social life factors. While, satisfaction level of women is negatively related with family member discordance, and classified low-income families. On the basis of these results, government should pay more attention to improve facilities and software that could meet women's needs of social life satisfaction.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.49
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• pp.20-38
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• 2010

This paper was attempting to identify determinants of media repertoires based on new services and technologies. Using the regression and discriminant models, this study examined determinants that included five independent factors such as the degree of innovation, social networks, social influences, demographic variables and media uses. The analyses revealed that all of independent variables except the degree of innovation were significant determinants of media repertoires. Secondly, the results of discriminant analyses showed that terrestrial television use, age, disposable income were significant factors discriminating new media service adopters from the sample. For new media related technologies adopters, family income, and media uses such as newspaper, Internet and radio were significant discriminant variables.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2013

China is the world's largest producer of aquatic products and its fishery sector is comprised primarily of aquaculture facilities, both fresh and seawater, and a much smaller wild catch component. The expansion of the aquaculture sector continues to boost China's aquatic output. The increase is attributable to several factors. Among them rapidly growing domestic demand is no doubt one of the most important reasons. Rapid economic growth and rising disposable income are influencing domestic consumption and the economic recovery of major import markets is further stimulating consumption of China's aquatic products. This paper tries to examine the status, trend and reasons of consumption of aquatic products in China. Based on the analysis on the consumption of aquatic products and its change, this paper utilizes panel regression model to estimate the affecting factors of aquatic products consumption in China. By using panel data between 1997 and 2010, the results indicate that income, urbanization, aging and dummy variable have positive effects and fish price index has negative effect on China's aquatic products consumption as predicted. However, effects of meat consumption and education on fishery consumption are totally opposite with our predictions. In other words, it turns out that meat consumption has positive effect on fish consumption while education turns out to have negative effect. Finally the member of household does not show any significant effect on consumption of aquatic products in China.