• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1999

The forced vibration of a finite cylindrical shell has been analyzed from an elastic wave viewpoint. The displacement vector is used to formulate the vibration field, that is regarded as a superposition of disturbances due to elastic waves propagating on the shell. The reflection matrix is also used in the formulation of the vibration field, that is easily derived in the present approach. It allows one to easily identify the wave conversion of elastic waves at the ends of the shell. The present approach is used to predict the vibration field of the cylindrical shell with free-free boundary conditions. The contribution of each type of elastic waves into the vibration field was identified, and the wave conversion at the ends of the shell was observed. Those results showed that the present approach can be effectively used to analyze the forced vibration of the cylindrical shell from an elastic wave viewpoint.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.527-542
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• 2002

Wind-excited vibrations of slender structures can induce fatigue damage and cause structural failure without exceeding ultimate limit state. Unfortunately, the growing importance of this problem is coupled with an evident lack of simple calculation criteria. This paper proposes a mathematical method for evaluating the crosswind fatigue of slender vertical structures, which represents the dual formulation of a parallel method that the authors recently developed with regard to alongwind vibrations. It takes into account the probability distribution of the mean wind velocity at the structural site. The aerodynamic crosswind actions on the stationary structure are caused by the vortex shedding and by the lateral turbulence, both schematised by spectral models. The structural response in the small displacement regime is expressed in closed form by considering only the contribution of the first vibration mode. The stress cycle counting is based on a probabilistic method for narrow-band processes and leads to analytical formulae of the stress cycles histogram, of the accumulated damage and of the fatigue life. The extension of this procedure to take into account aeroelastic vibrations due to lock-in is carried out by means of ESDU method. The examples point out the great importance of vortex shedding and especially of lock-in concerning fatigue.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-168
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• 2005

In this paper an energy method is presented for the linear buckling analysis of first order shear deformable plates. The displacement fields are defined in terms of the shape functions, which correspond to a set of predefined points and are composed of significantly high order polynomials. The locations of these points are found by mapping the geometry using the naturalized coordinates and bilinear shape functions. In order to evaluate the method, fully clamped and simply supported rectangular plates subjected to uniform uniaxial compressive loading on two opposite edges of the plate are investigated thoroughly and the results are compared with the exact solution given in the monograph of Timoshenko and Gere (1961). The method is extended to the analysis of perforated plates, wherein the negative stiffness computed over the opening area from in-plane and out-of-plane deformation modes is superimposed to the stiffness of the full plate. Numerical results are then favorably compared with those obtained by finite element methods. Other cases such as; rectangular plates with eccentrically located openings of different shapes are studied and reported in this paper with regards to the effect of aspect ratio, hole size, and hole position on the buckling. For a square plate with a large circular opening at the center, diameter being 80 percent of the length, the present method yields buckling coefficient 12.5 percent higher than the one from the FEM.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.379-390
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• 2018

In this study, a numerical approach based on mid-point integrated finite elements and a viscous boundary is proposed for time-domain wave-propagation analyses in infinite poroelastic media. The proposed approach is accurate, efficient, and easy to implement in time-domain analyses. In the approach, an infinite domain is truncated at some distance. The truncated domain is represented by mid-point integrated finite elements with real element-lengths and a viscous boundary is attached to the end of the domain. Given that the dynamic behaviors of the proposed model can be expressed in terms of mass, damping, and stiffness matrices only, it can be implemented easily in the displacement-based finite-element formulation. No convolutional operations are required for time-domain calculations because the coefficient matrices are constant. The proposed numerical approach is applied to typical wave-propagation and soil-structure interaction problems. The model is verified to produce accurate and stable results. It is demonstrated that the numerical approach can be applied successfully to nonlinear soil-structure interaction problems.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2013

This describes the formulation for the free vibration of joined conical-cylindrical shells with uniform thickness using the transfer of influence coefficient. This method was developed based on successive transmission of dynamic influence coefficients, which were defined as the relationships between the displacement and the force vectors at arbitrary nodal circles of the system. The two edges of the shell having arbitrary boundary conditions are supported by several elastic springs with meridional/axial, circumferential, radial and rotational stiffness, respectively. The governing equations of vibration of a conical shell, including a cylindrical shell, are written as a coupled set of first order differential equations by using the transfer matrix of the shell. Once the transfer matrix of a single component has been determined, the entire structure matrix is obtained by the product of each component matrix and the joining matrix. The natural frequencies and the modes of vibration were calculated numerically for joined conical-cylindrical shells. The validity of the present method is demonstrated through simple numerical examples, and through comparison with the results of previous researchers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.787-813
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• 2014

Starting with Hamilton's variational principle, the governing field equations for the steady state response of thin-walled beams under harmonic forces are derived. The formulation captures shear deformation effects due to bending and warping, translational and rotary inertia effects and as well as torsional flexural coupling effects due to the cross section mono-symmetry. The equations of motion consist of four coupled differential equations in the unknown displacement field variables. A general closed form solution is then developed for the coupled system of equations. The solution is subsequently used to develop a family of shape functions which exactly satisfy the homogeneous form of the governing field equations. A super-convergent finite element is then formulated based on the exact shape functions. Key features of the element developed include its ability to (a) isolate the steady state response component of the response to make the solution amenable to fatigue design, (b) capture coupling effects arising as a result of section mono-symmetry, (c) eliminate spatial discretization arising in commonly used finite elements, (d) avoiding shear locking phenomena, and (e) eliminate the need for time discretization. The results based on the present solution are found to be in excellent agreement with those based on finite element solutions at a small fraction of the computational and modelling cost involved.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.241-261
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• 2013

The bearing mechanism of pile during installation and loading process which controls the deformation and distribution of strain and stress in the soil surrounding pile tip is complex and full of much uncertainty. It is pointed out that particle crushing occurs in significant stress concentrated region such as the area surrounding pile tip. The solution to this problem requires the understanding and modeling of the mechanical behavior of granular soil under high pressures. This study aims to investigate the sand behavior around pile tip considering the characteristics of sand crushing. The numerical analysis of model pile loading test under different surcharge pressure with constitutive model for sand crushing is presented. This constitutive model is capable of predicting the dilatancy of soil from negative to positive under low confining pressure and only negative dilatancy under high confining pressure. The predicted relationships between the normalized bearing stress and normalized displacement are agreeable with the experimental results during the entire loading process. It is estimated from numerical results that the vertical stress beneath pile tip is up to 20 MPa which is large enough to cause sand to be crushed. The predicted distribution area of volumetric strain represents that the distributed area shaped wedge for volumetric contraction is beneath pile tip and distributed area for volumetric expansion is near the pile shaft. It is demonstrated that the finite element formulation incorporating a constitutive model for sand with crushing is capable of producing reasonable results for the pile loading problem.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

In this paper, a new quasi-3D sinusoidal shear deformation theory for functionally graded (FG) plates is proposed. The theory considers both shear deformation and thickness-stretching influences by a trigonometric distribution of all displacements within the thickness, and respects the stress-free boundary conditions on the upper and lower faces of the plate without employing any shear correction coefficient. The advantage of the proposed model is that it posses a smaller number of variables and governing equations than the existing quasi-3D models, but its results compare well with those of 3D and quasi-3D theories. This benefit is due to the use of undetermined integral unknowns in the displacement field of the present theory. By employing the Hamilton principle, equations of motion are obtained in the present formulation. Closed-form solutions for bending and free vibration problems are determined for simply supported plates. Numerical examples are proposed to check the accuracy of the developed theory.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.865-875
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• 2019

The current article proposed to develop a geometrical model for the analysis and modelling of the uniaxial functionally graded structure using the higher-order displacement kinematics with and without the presence of porosity including the distribution. Additionally, the formulation is capable of modelling three different kinds of grading patterns i.e., Power-law, sigmoid and exponential distribution of the individual constituents through the thickness direction. Also, the model includes the distribution of porosity (even and uneven kind) through the panel thickness. The structural governing equation of the porous graded structure is obtained (Hamilton's principle) and solved mathematically by means of the isoparametric finite element technique. Initially, the linear frequency parameters are obtained for different geometrical configuration via own computer code. The comparison and the corresponding convergence studies are performed for the unidirectional FG structure for the validation purpose. Finally, the impact of different influencing parameters like aspect ratio (O), thickness ratio (S), curvature ratio (R/h), porosity index (λ), type of porosity (even or uneven), power-law exponent (n), boundary condition on the free vibration characteristics are obtained for the FG panel and discussed in details.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.7 s.100
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• pp.836-842
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• 2005

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of active piezolaminated plates are investigated with respect to the thermopiezoelastic behaviors. For largely deformed structures with small strain, the incremental total Lagrangian formulation is presented based on the virtual work principles. A multi-field layer-wise finite shell element is proposed for assuring high accuracy and non-linearity of displacement, electric and thermal fields. For dynamic consideration of thermopiezoelastic snap-through phenomena, the implicit Newmark's scheme with the Newton-Raphson iteration is implemented for the transient response of various piezolaminated models with symmetric or eccentric active layers. The bifurcate thermal buckling of symmetric structural models is first investigated and the characteristics of piezoelectric active responses are studied for finding snap-through piezoelectric potentials and the load-path tracking map. The thermoelastic stable and unstable postbuckling, thermopiezoelastic snap-through phenomena with several attractors are proved using the nonlinear time responses for various initial conditions and damping loss factors. Present results show that thermopiezoelastic snap-through phenomena can result in the difficulty of buckling and postbuckling control of intelligent structures.