• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2019

The present paper seeks to investigate propagation and reflection of waves at free surfaces of homogeneous, anisotropic and rotating micropolar fibre-reinforced medium with voids. It has been observed that, in particular when P-wave is incident on the free surface, there exist four coupled reflected plane waves traveling in the medium; quasi-longitudinal displacement (qLD) wave, quasi-transverse displacement (qTD) wave, quasi-transverse microrotational wave and a wave due to voids. Normal mode Analysis usually called harmonic solution method is adopted in concomitant with Snell's laws and appropriate boundary conditions in determination of solution to the micropolar fibre reinforced modelled problem. Amplitude ratios which correspond to reflected waves in vertical and horizontal components are presented analytically. Also, the Reflection Coefficients are presented using numerical simulated results in graphical form for a particular chosen material by the help of Mathematica software. We observed that the micropolar fibre-reinforced, voids and rotational parameters have various degrees of effects to the modulation, propagation and reflection of waves in the medium. The study would have impact to micropolar fibre-reinforecd rotational-acoustic machination fields and future works about behavior of seismic waves.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권5호
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• pp.469-483
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• 2019

In this paper, an improved mathematical model is presented for the bending analysis of doubly curved functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich rhombic conoids. The mathematical model includes expansion of Taylor's series up to the third degree in thickness coordinate and normal curvatures in in-plane displacement fields. The condition of zero-transverse shear strain at upper and lower surface of rhombic conoids is implemented in the present model. The newly introduced feature in the present mathematical model is the simultaneous inclusion of normal curvatures in deformation field and twist curvature in strain-displacement equations. This unique introduction permits the new 2D mathematical model to solve problems of moderately thick and deep doubly curved FGM sandwich rhombic conoids. The distinguishing feature of present shell from the other shells is that maximum transverse deflection does not occur at its center. The proposed new mathematical model is implemented in finite element code written in FORTRAN. The obtained numerical results are compared with the results available in the literature. Once validated, the current model was employed to solve numerous bending problems by varying different parameters like volume fraction indices, skew angles, boundary conditions, thickness scheme, and several geometric parameters.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.297-312
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• 2022

Coughing and breath shortness are common symptoms of nano (small) cell lung cancer. Smoking is main factor in causing such cancers. The cancer cells form on the soft tissues of lung. Deformation behavior and wave vibration of lung affected when cancer cells exist. Therefore, in the current work, phase velocity behavior of the small cell lung cancer as a main part of the body via an exact size-dependent theory is presented. Regarding this problem, displacement fields of small cell lung cancer are obtained using first-order shear deformation theory with five parameters. Besides, the size-dependent small cell lung cancer is modeled via nonlocal stress/strain gradient theory (NSGT). An analytical method is applied for solving the governing equations of the small cell lung cancer structure. The novelty of the current study is the consideration of the five-parameter of displacement for curved panel, and porosity as well as NSGT are employed and solved using the analytical method. For more verification, the outcomes of this reports are compared with the predictions of deep neural network (DNN) with adaptive optimization method. A thorough parametric investigation is conducted on the effect of NSGT parameters, porosity and geometry on the phase velocity behavior of the small cell lung cancer structure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2023

An accurate and highly efficient inverse element labelled iPCB is developed based on the inverse finite element method (iFEM) for real-time shape estimation of plane-curved structures (such as arch bridges) utilizing onboard strain data. This inverse problem, named shape sensing, is vital for the design of smart structures and structural health monitoring (SHM) procedures. The iPCB formulation is defined based on a least-squares variational principle that employs curved Timoshenko beam theory as its baseline. The accurate strain-displacement relationship considering tension-bending coupling is used to establish theoretical and measured section strains. The displacement fields of the isoparametric element iPCB are interpolated utilizing nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) basis functions, enabling exact geometric modelling even with a very coarse mesh density. The present formulation is completely free from membrane and shear locking. Numerical validation examples for different curved structures subjected to different loading conditions have been performed and have demonstrated the excellent prediction capability of iPCBs. The present formulation has also been shown to be practical and robust since relatively accurate predictions can be obtained even omitting the shear deformation contributions and considering polluted strain measures. The current element offers a promising tool for real-time shape estimation of plane-curved structures.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 적층구조 해석을 위해 부분 선형 층별이론에 의해 정식화된 저매개변수 유한요소 모델을 제안한다. 얇은 직교이방성 문제뿐만 아니라, 두꺼운 식교이방성 적층판 해석을 위해 제안된 모델은 2차원 세분화 기법에 기초를 두고 있다. 즉, 이 모델은 두께방향으로의 면내거동에 대해서는 선형변화로 가정하는 층별분리 이론이 적용되고, 두께방향으로의 면외거동에 대해서는 상수로 가정하는 등가단층이론이 사용된다. 변위장을 정의하기 위해 적분형 르장드르 다항식이 사용된다. 또한 가우스-로바토 적분법을 사용하여, 적층평판의 종래의 가우스적분점이 아닌 절점의 위치에 발생하는 최대응력값을 별도의 외삽법을 사용하지 않고 바로 산출하였다. 제안된 모델의 정당성과 특성은 직교이방성 다층적층판 문제를 사용하여 검증되었으며, 그 결과는 출판된 참고문헌의 값들과 비교되었다. 이 연구에서는 최적의 유한요소 적층모델을 결정하기 위해 응력과 최대처짐을 사용한 수렴성조사가 수행되었다. 또한, 적층 수의 증가에 따른 두께방향으로의 변위와 응력분포의 변화가 조사되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 복합재료 적층판 해석을 위해 등가단층요소와 부분-선형 층별 적층요소를 서로 연계시킨 결합요소를 제안하였다. 등가단층요소는 퇴화 쉘요소에 의해 정식화되었으며, 반면에 부분-선형 층별요소의 경우 면내변위는 부분적 선형변화로, 두께방향으로의 면외변위는 일정하다고 가정하였다. 제안된 유한요소모델은 p-수렴방식에 기초를 두고 있다. 변위장 보간을 위해 적분형 르장드르 다항식이, 수치적분을 수행하기 위해서는 가우스-로바토 적분을 각각 채택하였다. 이 연구에서는 주로 p-수렴 결합요소의 검증을 위해 다양한 형태의 유한요소 다중모델에 대해 안정된 수치해석값을 보여주는 지에 초점을 두었다. 채택한 예제는 정해를 쉽게 알고 있는 단순한 문제로 인장력을 받는 평판 또는 연직하중을 받는 캔틸레버보에 적용하여 제안된 요소의 성능을 평가하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.105-110
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• 2000

The Micromechanics test is new test method which uses comparatively smaller specimen than that required in conventional material tests. There are several methods, such as small-specimen creep test, the continuous indentation test, and small punch(SP) test. Among them, the small punch(SP) test method has been applied to many evaluation fields, such as a ductile-brittle transition temperature, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, and fracture properties of advanced materials like FGM or MMC. In this study, the small punch(SP) test is performed to evaluate the mechanical properties at high/low temperature from $-196^{\circ}C$ to $650^{\circ}C$ and the material degradation for virgin and aged materials of 9Cr1MoVNb steel which has been recently developed. The ${\Delta}P/{\Delta}{\delta}$ parameter defined a slope in plastic membrane stretching region of SP load-displacement curve decreases according to the increase of specimen temperature, and that of aged materials is higher than the virgin material in all test temperatures. And the material degradation degrees of aged materials with $630^{\circ}C$ -500hrs and $630^{\circ}C$ -1000hrs are $36^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$ respectively. These behaviors are good consistent with the results of hardness($H_v$) and maximum displacement(${\delta}_{max}$).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-158
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• 2009

This paper presents a modelling technique for the nonlinear analysis of composite steel-concrete beams with partial shear interaction. It extends the applicability of two stiffness elements previously derived by the authors using the direct stiffness method, i.e. the 6DOF and the 8DOF elements, to account for material nonlinearities. The freedoms are the vertical displacement, the rotation and the slip at both ends for the 6DOF stiffness element, as well as the axial displacement at the level of the reference axis for the 8DOF stiffness element. The solution iterative scheme is based on the secant method, with the convergence criteria relying on the ratios of the Euclidean norms of both forces and displacements. The advantage of the approach is that the displacement and force fields of the stiffness elements are extremely rich as they correspond to those required by the analytical solution of the elastic partial interaction problem, thereby producing a robust numerical technique. Experimental results available in the literature are used to validate the finite element proposed in the paper. For this purpose, those reported by Chapman and Balakrishnan (1964), Fabbrocino et al. (1998, 1999) and Ansourian (1981) are utilised; these consist of six simply supported beams with a point load applied at mid-span inducing positive bending moment in the beams, three simply supported beams with a point load applied at mid-span inducing negative bending moment in the beams, and six two-span continuous composite beams respectively. Based on these comparisons, a preferred degree of discretisation suitable for the proposed modelling technique expressed as a function of the ratio between the element length and depth is proposed, as is the number of Gauss stations needed. This allows for accurate prediction of the nonlinear response of composite beams.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권2D호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2010

사면의 변위는 산사태의 위험성을 예측할 수 있는 매우 중요한 인자이다. 따라서 사면의 변위는 지속적인 관측과 높은 정밀도의 관측이 요구된다. 최근에는 사면관측을 위해서 광섬유센서, GPS, Total Station, 계측기 등의 첨단장비가 활용되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 관측 장비는 경제성, 환경성, 편리성과 유지관리 측면에서 장비의 제약으로 인해 실제 현장적용이 부진한 상태이다. 그러므로 다양한 사면관측과 현장적용을 위해서는 실질적인 관측기술개발이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 지상라이다의 사면 모니터링에 대한 적용 가능성을 분석하고자 하였으며, 사면조사와 사면유지관리를 위한 정보획득 기술로 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 본 연구에서는 지상라이다의 모니터링 정확도를 평가하였으며, 변위 발생 지역의 육안판독을 위한 그리드 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 사면 모니터링을 위한 방법론을 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 1997

This paper describes an experimental and numerical study on growing ductile crack-tip behaviors. The hybrid experimental and numerical method by means of a computer image processign technique, was applied to the analysis of both base metal and weld metal CT specimens. In the weld metal specimen, the initial crack-tip was placed in front of fusion line, and the crack orientation was perpendicular to it. Finite element analysis of crack growth behaviors in both base and weld matal specimens made of A533B Class 1 steel were also performed to examine the effects of weldment on near crack-tip fields. a series of experimental studies on crack-tip behaviors have clearly shown the qualitative effects of material properties, especially a hardening exponent. The experimental and numerical results have also shown that weldment does not affect displacement and strain fields near a crack-tip while a stress field is influenced by the difference between yield stresses of both base and weld metals.