• Carbon letters
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• 제23권
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

We report on the dispersion state of partially reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) in organic solvents, namely methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, toluene, and xylene, by controlling the carbon to oxygen (C/O) atomic ratio of the PRGOs. A two-phase solvent exchange method is also proposed to transfer PRGO from water to an aprotic solvent, such as methyl ethyl ketone. We achieve relatively good dispersion in aprotic and non-polar solvents by controlling the C/O atomic ratio of the PRGOs and applying the two-phase solvent exchange method. There is an increase in the glass transition temperatures with the dispersion of PRGOs into amorphous polymers, in particular a $4.4^{\circ}C$ increase for poly(methyl methacrylate) and $3.0^{\circ}C$ increase for polycarbonate. Good dispersion of PRGO in a nonpolar polymer, such as linear low density polyethylene, is also obtained.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2022

One common method to select input ground motions to predict dynamic behavior of structures subjected to seismic excitation requires spectral acceleration (S_a) match target mean response spectrum. However, dispersion of ground motions, which explicitly affects the structural response, is rarely discussed in this method. Generally, selecting ground motions matching target mean and variance has been utilized as an appropriate method to predict reliable seismic response. The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of target spectra variance of ground motions on structural seismic response. Two sets of ground motions with different target variances (zero variance and minimum variance larger than inherent variance of the target spectrum) are selected as input to two different structures. Structural responses at different heights are compared, in terms of peak, mean and dispersion. Results show that increase of target spectra variance tends to increase peak floor acceleration, peak deformation and dispersions of response of interest remarkably. To short-period structures, dispersion increase ratios of seismic response are close to that of S_a of input ground motions at the first period. To long-period structures, dispersions of floor acceleration and floor response spectra increase more significantly at the bottom, while dispersion increase ratios of IDR and deformation are close to that of S_a of input ground motions at the first period. This study could further provide useful information on selecting appropriate ground motion to predict seismic behavior of different types of structures.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1994년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.137-138
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• 1994

Anionic water dispersible copolyesters were synthesized and characterized. Viscosity of the copolyester is lower than that of routine acrylic water dispersible polymers. Adhesive force of the copolyester was much higher than that of water dispersible acrylic polymers. Particle size of the copolyesters in water decreased with the increase of DMS or DEG feed ratio. With the conclusive study of the data of particle size and potential, it was found that the dispersion stability of copolyesters in water increased with the increase of DMS or DEG feed ratio. Judging from the results of potential and particle size of copolyesters, there seems to be competition between two dispersion stability factors, i.e. electrostatic stabilization and steric stabilization and as a result, morphological change of particles occurrs. Tg decreased with the increase of DEG molar feed ratio or oil contents.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2008

분산중합법에 의해 고분자 미립자를 합성하기 위해 스티렌과 n-butylmethacrylate가 알루미나와 함께 중합되었다. 스티렌과 n-butylmethacrylate의 비는 3 : 1이었고, 입자안정제는 poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidon), 중합 개시제로는 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile)를 커플링제는 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane을, 분산매로 이소프로판올과 이온교환수를 70 : 30의 비로 사용하였다. TEM 사진을 통해 알루미나가 고분자 미립자에 분산되어 있음을 확인하였고 알루미나의 농도가 증가함에 따라 평균 입자경이 증가하였으며 입자경 분포는 감소되는 경향을 보였다. XRD 측정에 의해 알루미나의 농도 증가는 피크 강도와 2$\theta$값의 증가를 보였으며 TGA 측정으로 알루미나의 농도의 증가는 고분자 미립자의 내열성을 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다. 사용한 개시제의 반감기가 길수록 입자경은 감소하였고 입자인정제의 농도가 증가할수록 반응초기의 핵생성이 증가하여 입자경이 또한 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제34D권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1997

We determine the dispersion profile of a dispersion decreasing fiber(DDF) for optimum pulse compression from a trade-off between high pulse compression and low pedestal power/short DDF length. We find that the optimum vlaue of the exponential dispersion decreasing factor .alpha. is 0.95 and that the corresponding optimum fiber length is 1.5 times of the initial soliton period. Passing through the dDF, ~10 times of pulse comparession ratio can be achieved without significant increase in pedestal power. To compress relatively broad pulses using a given DDF optimized at a specific pulse width, we also detemrine the optimum input pulse amplitude, as a function of input pulse width.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.775-780
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• 2002

Sandwich panel made by foamed styrene and ployuretane has been used generally in the construction area because of the high thermal conductivity and light weight but they occur harmful gases to both bodies and environments in the high temperature over $50^{\circ}C$. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the physical properties of light-weight panel using the non-structural lightweight aggregate as a part of the substitution of foamed styrene and ployuretane. This paper dealt with the effect of the addition of polymer dispersion such as SBR, St/BA-1 and St/BA-2 having polymer-cement ratio as 5, 10, 15% and the filling ratio of continuous void as 50, 60% on the strength of polymer-modified sandwich panel core. From the results, we could know that the compressive and flexural strength of the sandwich panel core using non-structural lightweight aggregate and polymer dispersion such as SBR, St/BA-1 and St/BA-2 tended to be increased with an increase in the polymer-cement ratio and the filling ratio of continuous void.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2000

국내 그라우팅공사에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 경화재인 보통포틀랜드 시멘트와 침강방지 목적으로 벤토나이트를 첨가한 현탁형 그라우트인 CB그라우트의 분산형에 영향을 미치는 주요 영향인자는 물시멘트비, 시멘트 입자크기, 벤토나이트의 종류, 첨가량, 첨가방법, CB그라우트의 점도, 응결시간 등을 들 수 있다. 이 가운데서 CB그라우트의 점도는 분산성에 의해서 좌우되며 분산성은 혼합기의 혼합속도가 클수록 분산성이 향상되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장에서 적용될 수 있는 범위의 고속혼합기의 교반속도에 따라서 CB그라우트의 물리적 특성을 평가하고 분산상태를 확인함으로서 주입재의 혼합조건에 관한 시공관리 지침을 제시할 수 있는 결과를 도출하고자 하였다. 그 결과 물시멘트비와 고속 혼합기의 혼합속도에 의해서 CB그라우트와 공학적 특성이 현저하게 변화하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1587-1592
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• 2011

The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug in human body, using a solid dispersion technique (hot melt extrusion). The solid dispersion was prepared by cooling the hot melt of the drug in the carrier (Vitamin E TPGS and PVP). The dissolution rate of formulation 1 from a novel formulation prepared by solid dispersion technique was equal to release of formulation 6 (40% of eprosartan mesylate is in contrast to teveten$^{(R)}$) within 60 min (Table 1). The oral bioavailability of new eprosartan mesylate tablet having vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29 was tested on rats and dogs. Of the absorption enhancer and polymer tested, vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29, resulted in the greatest increases of AUC in animals (about 2.5-fold increase in rat and dog). When eprosartan mesylate was mixed with the absorption enhancer and polymer in a ratio of 2.94:2:1, vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29 improved eprosartan mesylate bioavailability significantly compared with the conventional immediate release (IR) tablet Teveten$^{(R)}$ (formulation 7). These results show that solid dispersion using vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29 is a promising approach for developing eprosartan mesylate drug products.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.656-662
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• 2013

원자력발전소의 2차 계통수 중에 존재하는 철산화물(magnetite)은 열전달 튜브의 표면에 침착(fouling)되어 열전달 성능을 떨어뜨리거나 부식을 유발한다. 이와 같은 문제를 방지하기 위해, 원전 2차 계통수 중에 고분자 분산제(polymeric dispersant) 주입을 통해 철산화물의 분산 안정성 향상을 도모하는 연구를 수행하였다. 카르복실기(-COOH, carboxyl group)를 함유한 3종의 음 이온성 고분자(PAA, PMA, PAAMA)를 선정하였으며, 이들에 농도변화(1~1000 ppm)에 의한 마그네타이트 분산 특성을 평가하기 위해 침강시험, 투과율 측정, 입도 측정, 제타전위 측정을 수행하였다. 고분자 분산제는 수용액 중 철산화물 분산안정성에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 분산제가 주입되면 분산 안정성이 향상되는 경향을 보였으나, 분산제 농도 증가에 따라 마그네타이트의 분산 안정성이 선형적으로 비례하여 증가하지 않았다. 이는 임계 분산제 농도 이상에서는 철산화물 사이의 응집(agglomeration)이 발생하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 분산안전성 향상 효과는 분산제-철산화물의 농도비(ppm, 분산제/마그네타이트)가 0.01~0.1 범위에서 현저하였다. 분산제 주입을 통한 철산화물 제거 효과를 최대화하기 위해서는 적용 환경 특성, 철산화물 농도, 분산제 농도 및 철산화물-분산제 농도비의 최적화가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-68
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• 2023

The present work is concerned with the study of the influence of inhomogeneous initial stresses in a hollow cylinder containing a compressible inviscid fluid on the propagation of axisymmetric longitudinal waves propagating in this cylinder. The study is carried out using the so-called three-dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in bodies with initial stresses to describe the motion of the cylinder and using the linearized Euler equations to describe the flow of the compressible inviscid fluid. It is assumed that the inhomogeneous initial stresses in the cylinder are caused by the internal pressure of the fluid. To solve the corresponding eigenvalue problem, the discrete-analytic solution method is applied and the corresponding dispersion equation is obtained, which is solved numerically, after which the corresponding dispersion curves are constructed and analyzed. To obtain these dispersion curves, parameters characterizing the magnitude of the internal pressure, the ratio of the sound velocities in the cylinder material and in the fluid, and the ratio of the material densities of the fluid and the cylinder are introduced. Based on these parameters, the influence of the inhomogeneous initial stresses in the cylinder on the dispersion of the above-mentioned waves in the considered hydro-elastic system is investigated. Moreover, based on these results, appropriate conclusions about this influence are drawn. In particular, it is found that the character of the influence depends on the wavelength. Accordingly, the inhomogeneous initial stresses before (after) a certain value of the wavelength lead to a decrease (increase) of the wave propagation velocity in the zeroth and first modes.