• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.313-318
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• 2001

The present study relates to a method of manufacturing 100$\mu\textrm{m}$ thick cover layer for the high density digital versatile disc system (HD-DVD), which uses a high numerical aperture of 0.85 at 405 nm wavelength. Spin coating technique was investigated as means for manufacturing the cover layer within sufficient margins of thickness variation and with good mechanical properties including small radial and tangential tilts. The influence of processing variables such as spinning speed, spinning time, and dispensing position was investigated. The effect of viscosity of UV-curable resin was also investigated.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.409-414
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• 2021

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is considered to be one of the most important technologies provided by the Internet in our era. GIS enables institutions and individuals to plan and make decisions in many fields. GIS assists in accessing new and updated information on planning process. GIS also enables determining distances such as length, width, area on a map, and allows analyzing and processing a large amount of data for the search of geographical characteristics of locations. This paper explains the concept of dispensing prescription through the specific code of drug on an electronic system using GIS technology. The proposed methodology aims to inform patients of all the prescriptions dispensed and to help individuals inquiring about prescription at the nearest pharmacy through GIS technology. This proposed methodology is considered significant in some cases, as the patient does not know price, specifications and pharmacy location where the drug required is available, thus increasing the time and effort cost that is spent searching for the prescription.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.188-190
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• 2004

As an effort to reduce cost and lead-time and to increase flexibility and responsiveness, manufacturers are using digital printing in numerous process steps. Typically, these processes require the precise dispensing of various fluids. Piezo ink jet printheads are proving to be reliable tools for depositing active materials such as light emitting polymers (LEP) for mobile phone displays and color filter inks for liquid crystal displays. Ink jets are also being used to provide uniform coatings of polyimide alignment layers and spacers for LCDs. Success with legend printing on PCBs using ink jets has encouraged the design of equipment for directly printing both etch resist and solder mask for PCBs. Development of printers for passive components such as capacitors and resistors is underway. This paper will present the attributes of an ink jet printhead designed to a precision deposition tool and discuss how it is being used to digitally print electronic and flat panel display components. Status of commercialization of digital printing will be discussed along with issues to be resolved before wide adoption takes place.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.368-376
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• 2009

DUR (Drug Utilization Review) originally referred to the evaluation of drug usage details: however DUR refers to the system used to support the services of prescribing and dispensing through linking from Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) Service in Korea. HIRA is going to begin the DUR enforcement for extending to nationwide coverage after pilot test. Objectives: The aims for this study were to evaluate and clarify the current opinions of the pharmacists for the recognition and acceptance rates before nationwide coverage concerning DUR system. Methods: A 16-question-questionnaire was developed and pilot tested. For 40 days of survey by both on-line and fax paper, it was carried out on 80 pharmacists working at community pharmacy in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do. Results: Most of answers were broadly positive and interested in begining the DUR system and kept in mind that the goal of DUR is safety guarantee for people. On the other hand, most of answerers worry that delay of patient waiting time and inharmonious communication with doctors in DUR processing can be a major obstacle to begin the DUR system. Conclusion: To solve several problems, the most important things are to make good reciprocal relationships between doctors and pharmacists, investigate intervention tool to shorten patient waiting time, and activate educational program of inspecting items for the pharmacists.

• New Physics: Sae Mulli
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• v.68 no.11
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• pp.1208-1214
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• 2018

The one-step spin coating method is reported as an excellent thin film process because it can be easily used to fabricate high-quality methyl-ammonium lead tri-iodide ($MAPbI_3$) perovskite layers. One of the important things in the one-step spin coating method towards obtaining high-quality $MAPbI_3$ layers is the anti-solvent (AS) engineering, which consists of an one-step deposition of the $MAPbI_3$ film and dripping of the AS. The properties of the $MAPbI_3$ layer were found to be strongly influenced by the amount, dispensing speed, and spraying time of the AS solution. The $MAPbI_3$ solution was prepared by dissolving lead iodide and methyl-ammonium iodide in N,N-dimethylformamide and adding N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide. Diethyl ether (DE) was used for the AS solution. The results indicate that a $MAPbI_3$ layer appropriately sprayed with DE is beneficial for improving film quality and device efficiency because nucleation of $MAPbI_3$ layer is affected by the characteristics of DE, which affect the film's crystallinity, density, and surface morphology. The $MAPbI_3$ layer, which was optimized by using 0.7 mL of DE, a 3.03 mL/sec dispensing speed, and a 7 second time to spray after spinning showed the best efficiency of 13.74%, which was reproducible.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.3-26
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• 2023

This paper reviewed the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act issues in case of self-administration of medicines by medical personnel without going through the general process (prescription, dispensing, distribution, administration). If a medical personnel self-medicates, the medicine supplier or medical personnel may be subject to criminal punishment under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. The core reprehensibility of the punishment lies in undermining the order in distribution of medicines stipulated in the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. First, the sale of medicines by a medicine supplier to medical personnel may be the violation of Article 47 of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. However, if it was distributed for the case where medical personnels can dispense it directly under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, it can be justified under the general provision of the Criminal Act (justifiable act, the exclusion of illegality). If medicine suppliers distribute medicines knowing that the medical personnel acquires medicines for selfadministration, they can be punished as the violation of Article 47 of Pharmaceutical Act. Second, when a medical personnel acquires a medicine for the purpose of self-administration, the medicine supplier distributes the medicine under the false pretense that the medical personnel acquires the medicine for the case in which the medical personnel can directly dispense the medicine according to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. At this time, even if the medicine supplier has received all the payment for the medicines, the distribution of the medicines by deceit can constitute the fraud under the Criminal Act. Third, self-administration by medical personnel is a the violation of Article 23 of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. It is not a justifiable act under the general provision of the Criminal Act. This is because it is the abuse of the special status granted to medical personnel in the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, which undermines the order in distribution of medicines.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.51-74
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• 2005

This paper presents an analysis of the current status of domestic hospital industry which went trough the time of new hospitals operated by chaebols from 1994 to 2003 and the dramatic changes of medical service environment such as IMF relief loan in 1997 and the separation of prescription and dispensing (SPD) in 2000. For the sake of righteous policy-making in the future, this paper presents a productivity analysis of the management and administration of 38 tertiary hospitals nationwide in the past 10 years. The analysis is based on the Malmquist index approach using linear programming. d prepare a productivity index that measures not merely efficiency but the technological evolution and adjustment to changing environments.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.990-992
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop a practical gait-event detection system which is necessary for the FES (functional electrical stimulation) control of locomotion in paralyzed patients. The system is comprised of a sensor board and an event recognition algorithm. We focused on the practicality improvement of the system through 1) using accelerometer to get the angle of shank and dispensing with the foot-switches having limitation in indoor or barefoot usage and 2) using a rule-base instead of threshold to determine the heel-off/heel-strike events corresponding the stimulation on/off timing. The sensor signals are transmitted through RF communication and gait-events was detected using the peaks in shank angle. The system could detect two critical gait-events in all five paralyzed patients. The standard deviation of the gait events time from the peaks were smaller when 1.5Hz cutoff frequency was used in the derivation of the shank angle from the acceleration signals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.88-93
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• 2020

The goal of this study is to determine the influence of major factors on the spiral surface microparticle injection machining of cylindrical specimens by the statistical method ANOVA. Before the experiment, rod-shaped test specimens and jigs for helical surface spraying were prepared, and the surface roughness was measured with a surface roughness meter. The injection particle, nozzle diameter, and injection pressure were the primary parameters of the experiment. Other factors that were considered were injection height, injection time, revolutions, and feed distance. The surface roughness after machining was measured, and the effects of the surface roughness data on the primary factors were determined with ANOVA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1312-1315
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• 2008

High throughput-drug screening plays a pivotal role for early stage of drug discovery process. In the course of assay development for screening of cell death-inducing agents, a protocol that is simple, time-saving, and high throughput-compatible was designed which was confirmed that the protocol can be worked by a HTS-compatible machine. In 96-well format, PC-3 cancer cells (1${\times}10^{4}$ cells/ml) were cultured for 24 hr. After 24 h-incubation with various medicinal plants extracts, the cells were then stained with DAPI for 30 min. The fluorescence intensity of the stained cells was measured semi-automatically with a multilabel counter. To test whether the present assay system effectively works, we screened about 850 medicinal plant extracts, and selected 1 positive crude extracts that contained cell death-inducing activity. These results suggest that the protocol is highly amenable to HTS implementation for a cell death-inducing agent(s).