• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.393-416
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• 2018

Negative Stripping Construction in English involves the disjunction but, the adverb not, and a constituent NP. This construction is an incomplete sentence although it delivers a complete sentential meaning. Interpretation of this construction may be ambiguous in that the constituent NP can either be construed as the subject, or as the complements including the object. To generate such sentences and resolve the issue of ambiguity, we propose a construction-based analysis under direct interpretation approach, rejecting previous analyses based on deletion approaches. In so doing, we suggest a negative stripping construction rule that can account for ambiguous meaning. This rule further can enable us to explain syntactic structures and readings of Negative Stripping Construction.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2009

The purpose of this article is to study characteristics of Soma Cube in combinatorial-geometric point of view, and to present basic substances and direction for efficient Soma cube activities in school mathematics upon systematical analysis of methods of finding solutions using Inclusion-Exclusion Method. We can apply Inclusion-Exclusion Method to find all possible solutions in Soma Cube activities not as trial-and-error method but as analytical method. Because Inclusion-Exclusion Method can reduce the number of problem-solving variables by making high conjunction in the choice of pieces. Soma cube pieces can be sorted as 'flat' ones and 'non-flat' ones, which would be another effective method in the manipulation of Soma Cube pieces.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.377-381
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• 2001

An ATMS(Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System) has been widely used for maintaining the truth of information by detecting and solving contradictions in nile-based systems. But the ATMS can not correctly maintain the truth of the information in case that the generated information is satisfied within a time interval or includes data about temporal relations of events in time varying situations, because it has no mechanism manipulating temporal data. In this paper, The extended ATMS method is proposed, which can maintain the truth of the information in the inference system using information changing over time or temporal relations of events. In order to maintain contexts generated by relations of events, the label representation method is modified, the disjunction, conjunction simplification method in the label-propagation procedure and nogood handling method of the conventional ATMS are modified, too.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.72-82
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• 2014

The Contemporary paradigm to understand the complexity and diversity is moving to 'Becoming' that taken place in reviewing at the relation of various concepts. In Japan, After the collapse of modern architecture has been declared 'Metabolism' was appeared. They tried to apply organism's metabolic system to buildings based on ecological thoughts. But Metaboilsm's projects had revealed limitations of representation that the city on the mechanical system became a huge scale. As a result, It caused a break the cultural context of the region in Japan. After then, Japanese Architects expressed a pluralistic aspects of modern society for the restoration of disconnected cultural context. From this perspective, The thought of 'becoming' is a new role for Contemporary Japanese Architect. This research is focused of projects of SANAA, Ito Toyo, Sou Fujimoto, because they have spatial thought about realizing the space through the ways organizing the various potential possibilities in the simple external form not stimulated. They are realize the 'becoming-space' within the architecture. This 'becoming-space' gives people in building the new characteristics and experience that potential interactions among user, architecture and nature. It is non-representational space not fixed, but changing organically and variably.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.322-328
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• 2000

This study discusses cognition as a computable mapping in cognitive system and relates G del's Incompleteness Theorems to the computability of cognition from a metamathematical perspective. Understanding cognition as a from of computation requires not only Turing machine models but also neural network models. In previous studies of computation by cognitive systems, it is remarkable to note how little serious attention has been given to the issue of computation by neural networks with respect to G del's Incompleteness Theorems. To address this problem, first, we introduce a definition of cognition and cognitive science. Second, we deal with G del's view of computability, incompleteness and speed-up theorems, and then we interpret G del's disjunction on the mind and the machine. Third, we discuss cognition as a Turing computable function and its relation to G del's incompleteness. Finally, we investigate cognition as a neural computable function and its relation to G del's incompleteness. The results show that a second-order representing system can be implemented by a finite recurrent neural network. Hence one cannot prove the consistency of such neural networks in terms of first-order theories. Neural computability, theoretically, is beyond the computational incompleteness of Turing machines. If cognition is a neural computable function, then G del's incompleteness result does not limit the compytational capability of cognition in humans or in artifacts.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.33
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• pp.309-330
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• 2013

This paper explores the concept of pure language introduced in Walter Benjamin's "The Task of the Translator" and looks at various perspectives on this concept represented in theories of Paul De Man and Gilles Deleuze and a short story of Jorge Luis Borges. According to "The Task of the Translator," pure language is defined as a vessel of which fragments are the original and the translation. Just as fragments are part of a vessel, so the original and the translation are fragments of a greater language, which is pure language. On the other hand, De Man, from a deconstructive criticism, says that pure language does not exist except as a permanent disjunction, which inhabits all languages as such, and that any work is totally fragmented in relation to this pure language and every translation is totally fragmented in relation to the original. While De Man consider pure language incorporeal, Deleuzian interpretation regards it as a virtual object or differenciator in relation to which the two series of the original and the translation coexist and resonate. Finally in Borges's "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote" Menard attempt to translate Cervantes's Don Quixote identically in every detail. By showing a case in which the original and the translation are the same, Borges raises a question what would take place in relation to pure language if the original and the translation were identical. In Deleuze, identity and resemblance are the result of a differenciator, but in Borges, identity is a differenciator which produces differences. If we apply this logic to the last paragraph of "The Task of the Translator," we can say the interlinear version of Scriptures, as the prototype or ideal of all translation, in the form of which the original and the translation must be one, is a differenciator, an endless difference-making machine.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.145
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• pp.217-244
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• 2018

This paper reviews how $J{\ddot{u}}rgen$ Moltmann embraces and transforms the philosophy of Ernst Bloch. For what are the hopes of the two thinkers who presuppose opposing worldviews? This question will provide a good opportunity to look at how different religious types, based on different worldviews in modern philosophy of religion, can understand and communicate with one another. Ernst Bloch was a philosopher who originally interpreted Judeo-Christian thought through Marxism and Persian Dualism and helped to carry out the intrinsic criticism of the doctrine of Christian eschatology by developing atheism of Christianity into a philosophy of hope. Bloch and Moltmann deal with the concepts of future, humanity, nation, and hope in the eschatological horizon, but their worldviews are so different. For example, the connection between the Beginning and Ending, Disjunction or Continuation, the Core of Existence and Resurrection, Messianism and Marxism, Atheism and Theism, Persian Dualism and Judeo-Christian Monotheism. Therefore, a one-sided interpretation that ignores worldview differences in the hopes of these two thinkers should be avoided. Moltmann actively embraced the Messianism of the Jewish thinker, Bloch, by excluding Marxism, made the spectrum of broad-minded horizons diminished in the union of Messianism and Marxism. Moltmann replaced the utopian possibilities of matter in the Ontology of Not-Yet-Being, with the resurrection of Christ, who was crucified, and with the God of Creation and the God of Exodus. By overthrowing the position of atheism in Christianity, which was very important for Bloch, with the system of Trinitarian Monotheism, it resulted in the disconnection and conflict between the Old Testament and the New Testament, especially the ignorance of the tension between God the Lord and Jesus Christ.

• 기호학연구
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• no.54
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• pp.119-145
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• 2018

This paper attempts to divide the narrative into three levels and review the approach methodology to understand Princess Bari as a narrative. If the stratification of the narrative, the analysis of each levels, and the integrated approach to them are made, this can contribute to suggesting new directions and ways to understand and study Princess Bari. The story level of Princess Bari, the surface structure, is shaped by the space movement and the chronological sequential structure of the life task that started from the birth of the main character. This story shows how a woman who was denied her existence by her father as soon as she was born finds an ontological transformation and identities through a process. Especially, the journey of finding identity is mainly formed through the events that occur through the relationship with family members. This structure, which can be found in the narrative level, forms a deep structure with the oppositional paradigm of family members' conflict and reconciliation, life and death. The thought structure revealed in this story is the problem of life is the problem of family composition, and the problem of death is also the same. In response to how to look at the unified world of coexistence of life and death, this tradition group of myths makes a relationship with man and God. This story is mainly communicated in the Korean shamanistic ritual(Gut) that sent the dead to the afterlife. Although the shaman is the sender and the participants in the ritual are the receivers, the story is well known a message that does not have new information repeated in certain situations. In gut, the patrons and participants do not simply accept the narrative as a message, but accept themselves as codes for reconstructing their lives and behavior through autocommunication. By accepting the characters and events of as a homeomorphism relationship with their lives, people accept the everyday life as an integrated view of life and death, disjunction and communication, conflict and reconciliation, and the present viewpoint. It can not change the real world, but it changes the attitude of 'I' about life. And it is a change and transformation that can be achieved through personal communication like the transformation of Princess Bari into god in myth. Thus, Princess Bari shows that each meaning and function in the story level, composition level, and communication level is related to each other. In addition, the structure revealed by this narrative on three levels is also effective in revealing the collective consciousness and cultural system of the transmission group.