• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1995

The antibacterial and antifungal effect of grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) was investigated for its purpose of application to a diverse spectrum of field as sanitizers, disinfectants and preservatives. GFSE showed coparatively high content of such flavoniods as naringin and hesperidin and ascorbic acid. GFSE containing a low level of organic acids is a heavy viscous and water-soluble liquid. As a result of the antimicrobial test of GFSE, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae did not survive at detectable levels when treated with more than 100 ppm of GFSE. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of GFSE for a wide variety of pathogenic and putrefactive bacteria, fungi and yeasts were 100 ppm and 250 ppm, respectively. In the comparable electron micrograph of microbial cells treated with GFSE or not, we could conclude that GFSE destroy microorganisms by disrupting the functions of the cell wall membrane and microbial spores.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 2002

A practical technology for silkworm disease management at farmer\\`s level was suggested and test verified for its efficacy and adaptability. The technology consisted of disinfection of rearing house and appliances, early disease diagnosis, personal and rearing hygiene and silkworm body and rearing seat disinfection. Besides, the supportive techniques associated in disease management are cited. The validation trials of the technology involving 845 farmers crops with 147,530 disease free layings (dfls) of CSR bivoltine hybrids confirmed the effectiveness of the technology which resulted an average yield of 68.98 kg cocoons/100 dfls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 1999

This study was to evaluate disinfection efficiency of chlorine and chloramine as secondary disinfectants in the distribution systems. Indicator organism, HPC in the suspended and attached were measured for copper, galvanized steel, PVC, and carbon steel pipes. For suspended microorganism, the PVC pipe was markedly dense among the assessed pipe materials. The attached microorganism was markedly equivalent roughness of pipe materials. In copper and galvanized pipes, chloramine was more effective that free chlorine to disinfect suspended microorganism in the contact time of 2 hours. The contact time for the 99% inactivation of suspended microorganism by chloramine was longer than that of free chlorine. Regardless of pipe materials, chloramine was effective on both disinfection efficiency and 99% inactivation time for attached microorganism. In conclusion, chloramine which is good disinfectant for long contact time was recommended as secondary disinfectant in distribution system.

• Air Cleaning Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.34-43
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• 2010

In most productive facility of pharmaceutical companies, the fumigation using formaldehyde gas has been put into operation. Because formaldehyde gas is so bactericidal as to sterilize bacterial spore which can not be sterilized with usual disinfectants, it has been used for fumigation in many facilities such as facility of experimental animals, research institute and productive facility of pharmaceutical companies which are required to be high level of biological clean. However, the use of formaldehyde is recently under the strict management because of its causing of sick house and carcinogenesis. We introduce the conditions of sterilization using formaldehyde gas, the examples of sterilization using formaldehyde gas in a pharmaceutical manufacture and the problems of use of formaldehyde against environments and health. Further, we describe the characteristics and future subjects of the sterilization method using gasified oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid and chlorine oxide.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2010

Norovirus (NV) is becoming a major cause of foodborne illness in many countries. At present, very little is known about the survival of NV in the environment or the disinfection procedures needed to remove NV from contaminated surfaces. Feline calicivirus (FCV, $1{\times}10^{6.75}\;TCID_{50}/mL$) was used as a surrogate model for NV to investigate the effectiveness of sanitizing treatments for the viruses attached to food and food contact surfaces. Ammonium chloride (2%), organic acids (3000 ppm), and ethanol (70%) were most effective, providing $4\;log_{10}$ (99.99%) reductions in FCV titers on food or food contact surfaces. The disinfection efficacies of most agents on ceramic and glass surfaces were greater than stainless steel. The results from this study can be applied in the food industry to reduce NV-associated foodborne illnesses.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

Conventional disinfectants and disinfection method are expensive, hazardous and often require long periods of exposure. Recently, there is growing interest in complex disinfection process as a disinfection technique in medical instruments such as endoscope, hand piece bur to improve the disinfection efficiency and conveniency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new complex process for the purpose of disinfection of Escherichia coli in water. Three single process (electrolysis, UV and ultrasonic process) was combined dual and triple disinfection process. The order of disinfection performance for E. coli in dual process lie in: Electrolysis + UV > Electrolysis + Ultrasonic > UV + Ultrasonic process. Disinfection efficiency of E. coli and degradation of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO, indicating material of OH radical formation) of dual process was higher than that of the triple process (Electrolysis + UV + Ultrasonic process). In electrolysis + UV process, disinfection tendency was well agreed with RNO degradation tendency.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1989

The cells of Campylobacter jejuni treated with physical or chemical disinfection agents were comparatively examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopies for their morphological features and internal ultrastructures. The normal cells of C. jejuni, showed typical spiral rod shapes. The ribosomes, nucleoids, and other cellular constituents were observed to be distributed evenly throughout the cytoplasm. The cells treated with heat or UV-light were changed to spherical or irregular shapes and their cell envelopes were destroyed to form ghost cells by liberating their cytoplasmic components. The cells treated with chlorine or monochloramine were also changed into irregular round shapes. The chlorinated cells showed very rough surface structures with many blob-like protrusions, while the surface of the monochloramine-treated cells appeared to be relatively smooth.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 2014

The disinfectant effects (DEs) of 10 types of chemicals, defined by their ability to destroy or inhibit oocysts and consequently prevent sporulation of Eimeria tenella field isolate, were evaluated in vitro. Correct species assignments and sample purities were confirmed by the singular internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR analysis. A total of 18 treatments were performed, and the disinfection suppression levels were 75.9% for 39% benzene + 22% xylene (1:10 dilution), 85.5% for 30% cresol soup (1:1 dilution), and 91.7% for 99.9% acetic acid (1:2 dilution) group. The results indicate that acetic acid, cresol soup, and benzene+xylene are good candidates for suppression of E. tenella oocyst sporulation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.308-313
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• 2006

Charicteristics of piggery waste and treatment processing sludges for reuse were investigated. If it was thoroughly regulated in disinfectants, antibiotic substances and heavy metals, raw piggery waste can be gratified in criteria for fermentative compost (liquid) for flowers cultivation. Also, Because it is satisfied with various criteria of heavy metals and fertilizer contents for reuse except water content, primary pre-treatment sludge is very good material for composting. If provated goods on heavy metals are used in coagulation & dewatering process, coagulation & dewatering sludges are suitable for criteria of special waste regulation and by-product compost. This study proves that, if they are accomplished with suitable composting and mature process, piggery waste and processing sludges are free from microbiological problems as well as criteria of composting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.93-94
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• 2003

In recent, there are many report about nonthermal disinfection using electorlyzed water, Also, foodborne illnesses associated with pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 have raised concerns about the adequacy of disinfectants (Kim et at., 2000). Foodborne pathogens in vegetables and kitchen apparatus are not easy to disinfect but also hard to use chemical compounds for disinfection. (omitted)