• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.692-696
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed disinfectant, in control of brown leaf blight, growth characteristics, and dry root yield in the cultivation of Alisma plantago after early maturing rice cropping. Experimental plot was laid out in split plots design with three replications. The major seed disinfectants were benomyl Wp, 20%, Captan Wp, 50%, Triferine Ec, 17%, Etridia zole Ec, 25%, and Thioplant-mythyl Wp, 50%. Even though seed disinfectant treated had no effect on the growth and flowering date of Alisma plantago, dry root yield was increased largely with benomyl Wp, 20%, in seed disinfectant than in the other seed disinfectants and contorl. All seed disinfectants had no injury with standard dosage. But all seed disinfectants had slight injury in the double dosage level for the Alisma plantago. On the basis of yield, vegetative and disease paramerer, benomyl Wp (20%) ($100g/20{\ell}$) had shown superior performance, however, all the seed disinfectants are effective as compare to without treatment.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the control effect of fungicides on control of Gray mold, growth characteristics, and root yield in the cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis after barley cropping. All fungicides treated had no effect on the growth and flowering rate of Scutellaria baicalensis. All seed disinfectants had no effect on the growth and flowering date of Scutellaria baicalensis Georg. The major seed disinfectants were Benomyl Wp, $20\%$, Captan Wp, $50\%$, Hymexazol Ec, $30\%$, Carboxin D, $37.5\%$. Dry root yield were increased largely with Benomyl Wp, $20\%$, seed disinfectant than the other seed disinfectants had no injury with standard dosage. On the other hand, all seed disinfectants had slight injury in the double dosage level for the Scutellaria baicalensis Georg.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of several different commercial disinfectants on the embryogenic development of Ascaris suum eggs. A 1-ml aliquot of each disinfectant was mixed with approximately 40,000 decorticated or intact A. suum eggs in sterile tubes. After each treatment time (at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min), disinfectants were washed away, and egg suspensions were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ in distilled water for development of larvae inside. At 3 weeks of incubation after exposure, ethanol, methanol, and chlorohexidin treatments did not affect the larval development of A. suum eggs, regardless of their concentration and treatment time. Among disinfectants tested in this study, 3% cresol, 0.2% sodium hypochlorite and 0.02% sodium hypochlorite delayed but not inactivated the embryonation of decorticated eggs at 3 weeks of incubation, because at 6 weeks of incubation, undeveloped eggs completed embryonation regardless of exposure time, except for 10% povidone iodine. When the albumin layer of A. suum eggs remained intact, however, even the 10% povidone iodine solution took at least 5 min to reasonably inactivate most eggs, but never completely kill them with even 60 min of exposure. This study demonstrated that the treatment of A. suum eggs with many commercially available disinfectants does not affect the embryonation. Although some disinfectants may delay or stop the embryonation of A. suum eggs, they can hardly kill them completely.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2012

Introduction: After 17 years since the first production of humidifier disinfectants in Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) announced that the odds ratio of lung injury related with humidifier disinfectant usage was 47.3 (95% confidence interval 6.0-369.7) according to a case-control study with 18 adult cases, including 8 pregnant women at a university hospital in Seoul. Results: From September 2011 to April 2012, one-hundred and seventy four victim cases have been reported to an environmental non-governmental group (NGO). We summarized timetable of humidifier disinfectants accidents, analyzed health outcomes (death, lung or lung and heart transplantation, pulmonary disease) of reported victims, and classified some information for humidifier disinfectants with health outcomes, and government action for this accident. Among the victims, number of death cases are 52 (30.0%), including 26 babies less than 3 years old. Sixty-nine victims come from twenty-seven family with 2 to 4 members per family. About twenty types of humidifier disinfectant products and about 600,000 product items a year have been sold. Fifty-two death cases used 7 different types of disinfectant products, including imported goods and some private brands of well-known supermarkets. KCDC confirmed inhalation toxicity of 6 products through an animal experimental test, and based on this observation recalled disinfectants containing PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine) and PGH (Oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride). Discussions: The use of these biocides involved highly fatal consequences among biologically vulnerable victims, such as pregnant women, several family member victims after semi-acute exposure. This is the first biocide disaster in Korea with non-specific targets, and unknown scale of victims, warranting concerns on use of biocides in the living environment. Conclusions: Special administrative agency for chemical safety and compensation act for environmental health victims are needed to prevent similar problems.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.971-975
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• 2008

This study was to examine the potential disinfection efficiencies of 10 compounds by determining their antimicrobial capacity and ichthyotoxicity. Antimicrobial effects against Vibrio sp., Edwadsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were tested using 10 different disinfectants; hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, povidon iodine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), ortho-dichlorobenzen, and copper sulfate. Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) containing 5% $ClO_2$ and copper sulfate had no effects on bactericidal activity, while the other disinfectants resulted in 99.99% bactericidal activity against 4 strains of fish pathogenic bacteria. The ichthyotoxicity of the 10 disinfectants was investigated using 3 kinds of fish species; flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes pachycephalus), and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) values of the 10 disinfectants were estimated to determine toxicity ranges of the doses within 24 hr. Among test disinfectant solutions, hydrogen peroxide showed the highest $LC_50$ in flounder (201.3), rockfish (269.7), and black sea bream (139.3 ppm). DDAC revealed the lowest $LC_{50}$ in flounder (2.1), rockfish (1.0), and black sea bream (1.5 ppm). These results suggest that DDAC, quaternary ammonium compounds, glutaraldehyde, and sodium hypochlorite are effective disinfectants for fish and bacterial species examined in this study.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

소프트 콘택트렌즈용 합성 보존제로서 시중에 널리 알려진 B사의 R제품과 천연 보존제인 나린진이 가토안의 각막 상피와 내피에 미치는 영향을 주사전자현미경을 통하여 관찰하였다. 나린진의 주성분은 자몽씨 추출물로서 이는 항산화를 일으키는 Flavonoid의 구성성분 중 하나로 식품과 화장품의 보존제로서도 이미 많이 사용되고 있다. 합성 보존제의 독성은 배양된 세포에서 MTT 분석과 LDH leakage 분석을 통하여 발표된 바는 있으나 가토안의 각막에 합성 보존제와 천연 보존제를 직접 안구에 투여하여 관찰한 예는 없었다. 이에 본 연구는 가토안의 각막에 일주일간 천연보존제인 나린진과 합성 보존제인 B사의 R제품을 안구에 각각 투여한 다음 Rose bengal staining 후, 광학카메라를 통하여 독성을 관찰 하였으며 안구를 적출하여 처리 후, 주사전자현미경을 통하여 각막상피와 내피의 손상정도를 형태학적으로 분석하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2014

습식 쌀가루의 제분과정 중에서 유해 미생물의 증식을 억제하기 위하여 침지공정이나 세척공정에 사용되는 물에 천연살균제인 쌀뜨물발효액 혹은 화학살균제인 chlorine dioxide (CD)와 sodium benzoate (SB)를 각각 첨가하여 침지공정이나 세척공정 중 쌀에 잔류 미생물의 증식억제 정도를 파악하였다. 또한 원료 쌀의 잔류 미생물을 제거하기 위하여 침지공정 전과 후 세척 횟수별 잔류 미생물의 제거 정도를 파악하였다. 쌀뜨물발효액, CD, 혹은 SB는 백미 내 잔류 가능성이 있는 잠재적 위해 세균들로 선정된 S. typhimurium, E. coli, 그리고 B. cereus 표준균주들에 대하여 액체배양액 내에서 각각 첨가된 농도가 증가함에 따라서 이들 살균제들의 항균력이 비교적 급격히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 쌀뜨물발효액이나 SB와 비교하였을 때 CD가 액체배양액 내에서 가장 높은 항균 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 쌀뜨물발효액, CD, 혹은 SB는 침지과정 중에 각각 첨가된 농도가 증가하면서 백미 내 잔류세균에 대하여 이들 살균제들의 항균력이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 이러한 현상은 위에서 언급한 S. typhimurium, E. coli, 그리고 B. cereus 표준균주들에 대하여 액체배양액 내에서 이들 천연살균제와 화학살균제들이 나타낸 항균력보다 낮게 나타났다. 한편 백미 검체의 침지 전과 후 세척 횟수에 따른 백미 잔류 세균의 제거효과는 백미 검체를 침지하지 않고 세척하였을 때가 가장 높은 효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 세척을 한 후 침지를 시켰을 때는 세척 횟수가 증가하여도 잔류 세균의 수가 비슷한 정도로 나타났다. 그러므로 결론적으로 백미의 살균 및 제균 방법으로는 살균제에 의한 살균방법보다는 물 등으로 세척하여 잔류 세균을 제거하는 것이 보다 안전하고 효율적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

벼 육묘기간 중에 발생되는 벼 키다리병의 방제법을 확립하고자 최근에 육성된 벼 품종별 발병 정도와 시판되는 종자소독제의 방제효과를 조사하였으며 종자소독시 약액의 온도, 처리시간 및 약량에 따른 벼 키다리병 방제효과를 조사하였다. 품종별 벼 키다리병 발생정도를 조사한 결과 화영벼, 동진벼, 호안벼, 농호벼, 남평벼, 호진벼 6 품종이 저항성 품종으로, 그루벼, 소비벼, 오대벼, 주남벼, 삼천벼, 상주벼, 화봉벼 7 품종이 감수성 품종으로 분류되었다. 종자소독제별 벼 키다리병 방제효과에 있어서 prochloraz, fludioxonil, carpropamid+imidacloprid+fludioxonil 등은 높은 방제 효과를 보였으나 benomyl+thiram, thiophanatemethy+thiram, thiophanate-metyl+triflumizole등은 방제효과가 저조하였다. 종자소독당시 수온에 따른 벼 키다리병 방제가는 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 61% 이었으나 온도가 높아질수록 상승하여 $30\sim35^{\circ}C$에서는 벼 키다리병을 $95\sim98%$이상 방제할 수 있었다. 그러나 종자소독시간과 약량은 벼 키다리병 방제에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 벼 키다리병을 효율적으로 방제하기 위해서는 저항성이 강한 벼 품종과 효과가 우수한 종자 소독제 선정 그리고 종자소독시 적정수온을 유지하는 것이 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.140-143
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• 2003

This research was to determine and compare the inactivation of total coliform as the indicator organism with chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone for drinking water treatment. The inactivation of total coliform was experimentally analyzed for the dose of disinfectant, contact time, pH, Temperature and DOC. The experiments for the characterization of inactivation were performed in a series of batch processes with the total coliform as a general indicator organism based on chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone as disinfectants. The nearly 2.4, 3.0, 3.9 log inactivation of total coliform killed by injecting 1mg/L at 5 minutes for chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone. For the inactivation of 99.9%, Disinfectants required were 1.70, 1.00 and 0.60 mg/L for chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone, respectively. The bactericidal effects of disinfectants were decreased as the pH increased in the range of pH 6-9. The influence of pH change on the killing effect of chlorine dioxide was not strong, but that on ozone and free chlorine was sensitive. The bactericidal effects of the disinfectants were increased as the temperature increase. The activation energies were 36,053, 29,822, 24,906 J/mol of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone for coliforms. The inactivation effects were shown in the lowest order of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1999

This study was investigated resistance on disinfectants and antibiotics of Clostridium chauvoei isolated from dairy farm in Kyongbuk province. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; C chauvoei isolated from dairy farm were susceptible to norfloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, bacitracin, tyrosine, cephalothin and cefazolin but resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole＋trimethoprim, amikacin, neomycin streptomycin, colistin. In effect on disinfectants, C chauvoei was inhibited completely to growth in mercuric bichloride ($HgCl_2$), harasol(sodium hypochloride 4-6%), long-life(high boiling tar acids et al), and phenol($C_6$$H_5$OH), but growth in all-stop(didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 10%), powercide(potassium monopersulphate 50% et al), antec vercon-s(triple salt 50% et al), and taego-51(6-alkyl-2.6-diaza-hexane-carbonic acid-1ㆍHCl et al). The effect of disinfectant was excellent in mercuric bichloride and harasol.