• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2005

This Study investigated kindergarten parents' attitude, satisfaction and demand in the school meal service programs (SMSP). The subjects were 2450 parents that their child attended at kindergarten's SMSP from 16 provinces. To com-pared children's eating habits according to their parent age group and residence area, the percentage of regularly breakfast eating were lower in 'below 30 years old' group and large city residence than 'above 30 years old' group and middle and small city residence. And taking breakfast item was partially different pattern according parent age, 'below 30 years old' group and large city child ate more bread and milk as breakfast than Korean style breakfast with steamed rice and soup and side dish. In the prefer types of school meal service, most prefer types of meal service was fully meal service at kindergarten, $79.1\%$ subjects wanted this type. But 'below 30 years old' group's parent answered 'lunch box brings from home' ratio was higher than 'above 30 years old' group. Most parents accepted the present meal cost and $63.8\%$ of subjects was willing to pay more money to improve the quality of SMSP Twenty-six precent parents was responded that no improvement children's eating habit through SMSP. And they answered the key point of SMSP management was 'cooking sanitation'($65.1\%$) and 'nutrition' ($50.0\%$) and they answered the urgent improvement point at SMSP was 'Improvement taste and quality of meal' ($62.6\%$). Kindergarten parents' attitude about catering service as SMSP as not to prefer, but $10.4\%$ of subjects answered that catering service is ideal meal service type in kindergarten and they expected the advantage of catering service was 'convenience of foodservice'($40.7\%$) and 'support foodservice facilities and labor'($32.4\%$) and they also pointed out disadvantage was 'lower in meal freshness'($53.9\%$) and 'sanitation Problem'($51.9\%$).

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acculturation stage on dietary intake of Korean American women (0=124) living in California and to compare the dietary intake with that of Korean women (0=191) in Seoul, Korea. The dietary intake of the subjects was collected by 24-hour recall method at cross-sectional surveys. Ouster analysis performed on immigration variables (e.g., length of residency, age at immigration, etc.) classified Korean American women into less (0=73) or more (n=51) acculturated group. Acculturation stage did not have a significant effect on macro nutrient intake. However, vitamin C intake was higher in the more acculturated group, while intakes of folate, calcium, iron, and zinc were higher in the less acculturated group. In comparison of three groups (the more and the less acculturated Korean American, and the Korean group), the more acculturated the women were, the less frequently they consumed rice and kimchi (p<0.05). Korean American women ate bread/noodle, meat/meat products, fruit juice, and soda more often and consumed vegetables less frequently, compared with Korean women (p<0.05). For breakfast, Western dishes were preferred in both more and less acculturated groups. Korean dishes were favored for dinner by both groups, even though the less acculturated group ate more Korean dishes than did the more acculturated group. The acculturation measured by immigration variables influenced nutrient intakes, food consumptions, and types of dishes eaten in Korean Americans. Cultural and health implications of dietary acculturation need to be studied in the future.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2005

We have made a multi-wavelength study of the X-ray bright giant shell complex 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This is the one of the largest H II complexes in the Local Group. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Parkes 64-m single dish observations reveal that the distribution and internal motions of H I gas show the effects of fast stellar winds and supernova blasts. The hot emitting gas within the 30 Doradus complex and the entire giant H II complex are encompassed by an expanding H I shell. We investigate the dynamical age of this H I shell and compare to the age of starbursts occurred in the 30 Doradus nebula using the radiative transfer model and the infrared properties.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient and food intake status in underweight female college students living in Seoul. 126 underweight(BMI<20) and 74 normal weight (20$\leq$BMI<25) students were asked for their daily food intake and eating habits by using 3-day food records and questionnaire. We analyzed the amounts of the nutrient intakes and food groups as the subjects. The mean of height and weight were 162.1cm and 49.0kg in underweight and 160.6cm and 54.9kg in normal weight subjects. The mean energy, iron, and vitamin A intakes among the students were smaller than RDA for Koreans. The mean calcium(p<0.01), sodium(p<0.05), and vitamin B$_2$(p<0.05) intakes in underweight subjects were significantly higher than those in normal weight subjects. Total food intakes of underweight and normal weight students were 1235.8g and 1078.1g, respectively. The mean of the pulse group in the underweight was significantly higher than that in normal group(p<0.01) Frequently consumed food or dish items of the subjects were Kimchi, cooked rice, and milk. In the relation between BMI and dietary factors, the BMI was found to have a significant negative correlation with calcium intake(p<0.05), pulse intake(p<0.01) and eating habit score(p<0.01) Eating habit scores about quantity of food and lipid intake showed a significant difference between underweight and normal students.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

To investigate the dietary behavior and food preference by the obesity index, 524 children (male 265, female 259) from 4 elementary schools in Gyeonggi area participated in this study. The overweight group included more boys (52.5%) than girls (47.5%). The overweight group had significantly higher values in height, weight, Obesity index (OI), Body mass index (BMI), and Rohrer index (RI) than the underweight or normal weight groups. The majority (43.4%) of children showed 11-20 minutes of eating time, and boys ate significantly rapidly than girls (p<0.00l). Snack was consumed 2-3 times a day, with the preference principally for ice-cream and cookies. The frequency of eating out was 1-2 times a month, representing 71.4% of subjects, and 73.3% of children preferred Korean style meals, followed by Western, Chinese and Japanese foods. Twigim (frying) was the preferred cooking method for vegetables, fish and meat. The food preference study showed that Ssalbap, Hyunmibap and Boribap were preferred in the rice group. For one-dish foods in the rice group, Jjajangbap, Kimchibokeumbap, Bokeumbap were preferred, with the tendency that boys preferred significantly more Curry rice (p<0.05) and Chickenbap (p<0.01) than girls. The preference for guk, jjigae, and tang group showed that Soegogimiyeokguk, Chamchikimchijjigae were preferred Boys preferred significantly more Samgyetang (p<0.05), Haemultang (p<0.05) and Yukgaejang (p<0.01) than girls, and girls preferred significantly more Kongbijijjigae (p<0.05) than boys. It is considered that organized and continuous nutritional education beginning in childhood, is necessary to for the development and formation of desirable dietary behaviors.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of different oxygen conditions (20% [high O₂], 5% [low O₂] and 5% decreased to 2% [dynamic O₂]) on mouse pre- and peri-implantation development using a novel double-channel gas supply (DCGS) incubator (CNC Biotech Inc.) to alter the oxygen concentration during in vitro culture. Methods: The high-O₂ and low-O₂ groups were cultured from the one-cell to the blastocyst stage under 20% and 5% oxygen concentrations, respectively. In the dynamic-O₂ group, mouse embryos were cultured from the one-cell to the morula stage under 5% O₂ for 3 days, followed by culture under 2% O₂ to the blastocyst stage. To evaluate peri-implantation development, the blastocysts from the three groups were individually transferred to a fibronectin-coated dish and cultured to the outgrowth stage in droplets. Results: The blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher in the low-O₂ and dynamic-O₂ groups than in the high-O₂ group. The total cell number was significantly higher in the dynamic-O₂ group than in the low-O₂ and high-O₂ groups. Additionally, the apoptotic index was significantly lower in the low-O₂ and dynamic-O₂ groups than in the high-O₂ group. The trophoblast outgrowth rate and spread area were significantly higher in the low-O₂ and dynamic-O₂ groups than in the high-O₂ group. Conclusion: Our results showed that a dynamic oxygen concentration (decreasing from 5% to 2%) had beneficial effects on mouse pre- and peri-implantation development. Optimized, dynamic changing of oxygen concentrations using the novel DCGS incubator could improve the developmental competence of in vitro cultured embryos in a human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

초등학교 아동 211명을 대상으로 식품섭취실태가 치아우식에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다 1. 전체 조사 대상자의 65.4%가 치아우식 아동이었고, 간식은 전체 아동의 83.9%가 섭취하였으며, 간식을 하는 아동의 치아 우식율이 간식을 하지 않는 아동의 우식율보다 유의적으로 높았다(p＜0.001). 2. 1일 양치질 횟수는 전체의 38.4%가 1회, 61.6%가 2회 이상이었으며, 양치횟수 2회 이상인 아동과 식사후에 양치하는 아동에서 치아 우식율이 낮은 경향이었다. 3. 주식으로 자주 섭취하는 음식은 양호한 아동이 밥33.30%, 라면 14.81%, 빵 9.57%, 떡 6.16%, 국수 4.88%이었으며, 치아우식인 아동은 밥 27.04%, 떡 12.04%, 라면 8.50%, 빵 8.11%, 볶음밥 5.49% 순이었다. 4. 부식으로 자주 섭취하는 음식은 양호한 아동이 김치가 13.88%로서 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 계란 6.21%, 김 5.51%, 어묵 5.51%, 생선 5.03%순이었으며, 콩자반이 0.44%로서 가장 낮았다. 치아우식인 아동은 감자국이 6.86%로서 가장 높았으며 다음으로 오이 6.56%, 콩나물국 5.78%, 두부 5.33%, 깻잎 5.21% 순이었고, 상치가 1.23%로서 가장 낮았다. 5. 간식의 섭취율은 양호한 아동에서 아이스크림이 9.85%로서 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 비스킷 7.35%, 껌6.17%, 밤 6.16%, 사과 5.81%, 우유 5.56%, 요구르트4.86%, 어포 4.39%, 사탕 4.15%, 초콜릿 3.91% 순이었으며, 치아우식인 아동에서는 비스킷이 10.00%로서 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 아이스크림 6.75%, 사탕5.88%, 과일통조림 5.70%, 우유 5.41%, 옥수수 5.00%, 바나나 5.00%, 땅콩 4.42%, 튀김 4.39% 순이었다. 6. 부식의 우식성식품ㆍ청정식품ㆍ보호식품의 섭취율은 양호한 아동이 각각 4.0%, 40.8%, 55.1%이었으며, 치아우식인 아동은 11.5%, 43.9%, 보호식품 44.6%로서 치아우식인 아동이 양호한 아동보다 우식성식품을 자주 섭취하는 반면에 보호식품을 적게 섭취하였다.(p<0.001). 7.간식의 우식성식품ㆍ청정식품ㆍ보호식품의 섭취율은 양호한 아동이 각각 67.8%, 10.4%, 21.7%이었으며, 치아우식인 아동은 75.3%, 8.8%, 15.9%로서 치아우식 아동의 우식성식품 섭취율이 높았다(p＜0.001). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 아동들의 부식에서는 청정식품과 보호식품의 섭취율이 우식성식품보다 높았으나 간식에서 우식성식품의 섭취율이 청정식품과 보호식품보다 2∼3배나 높아 간식으로 인한 치아우식의 문제가 더 클 것으로 사료된다. 특히 치아우식 아동이 양호한 아동보다 부식과 간식에서 치아우식 유발지수가 높은 우식성식품을 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타나 치아우식증을 예방하기 위한 식이조절법으로 치아우식 유발지수가 낮고 당질 함량이 적은 식품과 채소류나 과실류 등의 청정식품 및 칼슘과 단백질이 풍부한 보호식품을 많이 섭취하도록 권장하여야 하며, 한정되어 있는 간식을 다양하고 균형있게 선택할 수 있도록 하는 영양 교육이 실시되어야 할 것으로 사료된다

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 clonal cell lines을 효율적으로 확립할 수 있는 방법을 제시하기 위하여 배양액 내에 catalase와 $\beta$ME 첨가가 clonal cell line 확립 효율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 임신 50일령의 암퇘지에서 얻은 태아섬유아세포를 2회 passage한 후 동결 보관하였다가 실험에 이용하였다. 단일세포를 catalase나 $\beta$ME가 첨가된 배양액이 들어 있는 96-well dish로 옮겨 배양하였다. 단층이 형성된 세포는 4-well dish로 옮겨주어 배양하였으며, 이후 2회 이상 passage가 가능한 세포를 clonal line이 확립된 세포로 판정하였다. 실험 1에서 clonal line 확립효율에 미치는 catalase와 $\beta$ME의 효과를 검토하기 위하여 세포를 100ng/$m\ell$) catalase와 100nM $\beta$ME가 첨가된 DMEM액 내에서 배양하여 clonal line 확립효율을 검토하였다. $\beta$ME 첨가 시 clonal line 확립효율이 8.3%로 대조구의 3.2%에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다.(P<.0.05). 그러나 catalase 첨가 시(3.6%)에는 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 실험 2에서 catalase 농도(0, 10, 100, 1,000ng/$m\ell$)에 따른 clonal line 확립효율을 검토하였다. 대조구에 비하여 모든 처리구에서 clonal line 확립 효율에 대한 첨가효과가 없었다(0-2.6%). 실험 3에서 $\beta$ME 농도(0, 10, 100, 1,000 nM)에 따른 clonal line 확립효율을 검토하였다. 100 nM의 $\beta$ME 첨가 시 clonal line 확립 효율이 9.4%로 대조구 및 타 처리구(0-l.6%)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과 배양액 내 catalase 첨가는 확립효율에 영향을 미치지 않지만, 100nM의 $\beta$ME 첨가로 clonal cell line의 확립효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency and quality of in vitro embryo production in Korean Native Cows (KNC). We examined the effects of ovarian morphologies (Experiment 1) and the culture vessel (Experiment 2) on in vitro maturation (IVM). We measured the subsequent development rates and cell numbers of blastocysts. In Experiment 1, the ovaries of KNC were divided into six groups, based on follicle and corpus luteum (CL) morphology. The development rates to the 2- and 8-cell stages were similar among the six groups. The development rates to blastocyst stages were significantly higher in the group without a CL or follicle (WOCL/F) than in the groups with follicular cysts (FCs), regressive CLs (RCLs) or cystic CLs (CCLs) (p<0.05). The cell number of the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts in the FCs and RCLs groups, and the number of cells in the trophectoderm (TE) in the WOCL/F group, FCs, growing CLs (GCLs) and RCLs were significantly higher than in other groups (p<0.05). The total cell number (TCN) in the WOCL/F, FC and RCL groups was also significantly higher than in other groups (p<0.05). The ICM cell number/TCN ratio was significantly higher in the FC and RCL groups than in the GCL and DF groups (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, oocyte IVM was carried out in culture dishes, in 0.25- or 0.5-ml straws used for freezing sperm. The development rate to the 2-cell stage was significantly higher in the 0.5-ml straw group than in the 0.25-ml straw group. The development rates to the blastocyst stage were similar in the dish and the two straw groups. There were no differences in the cell numbers of ICM, TE or TCN or ICM cell number/TCN ratios between groups.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2005

본 연구는 한우 수정란의 체외생산에 있어서 효율과 품질의 향상을 위해서, 미성숙 난포란을 회수하는 난소의 형태와 배양 용기로서 straw의 효과를 검토하였다. 난소의 형태에 따른 수정율은 전 군에서 70.3∼84.1%로서 비슷한 경향이었다. 8세포기 및 배반포기 발달율은 황체와 난포가 모두 존재하지 않는 대조군이 가장 높았다. 배반포의 inner cell mass(ICM), trophectoderm(TE), total cell number(TCN) 및 ICM/TCN 비율은 낭종군과 퇴행황체군이 다른군에 비하여 높은 경향이었다. 체외성숙에 이용하는 배양용기에 따른 수정율은 0.5 ㎖ straw 군이, 8세포기 발달율은 대조군이 가장 높았으나, 배반포기 발달율은 23.1∼30.7％로서 각 군 간에 비슷한 경향이었다. 한편 각각의 배양 용기에서 유래된 배반포의 ICM, TE, TCN 및 ICM/TCN 비율은 유사한 경향이었다.