• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2013

Selected 11 rice transgenic lines, through preliminary yield trials on 32 lines, were evaluated on important agronomic traits as well as grain quality by conducting replicated yield trials having three replication plots. Japonica recipients, Nipponbare, Nagdongbyeo, and Dongjinbyeo, were the recipients of 7 transformed genes, which were putatively related with high yield, abiotic stress tolerance, and disease resistance. To estimate the degrees of deviations from the wild types, 11 traits of transgenic lines, relating with grain quality were evaluated and subjected to multivariate analyses. Principal coordinate and clustering analyses did not support collection manners of transgenic lines in terms of the genes transformed as well as the genetic background. Meanwhile, some transgenic lines would be acceptable due to their over-all performances were similar to their wild types, it was hardly possible to declare any transgenic line, which adhered closely to the commercial profits of wild type. Thereby, with considerations on the demanding resources in establishing rice transgenic lines having market competitiveness, it was speculated that proper application of breeding strategies would be crucial factor for the efficiency of developing prospective rice transgenic lines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the performances of rice transgenic lines along with their wild types in terms of agronomic traits. A total of 32 rice transgenic lines, through previously conducted collaborative researches between molecular biologists and conventional rice breeders, were selected as promising lines. As the introduced functional genes, 17 genes, which were putatively related with high yield, disease and herbicide resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and diversifying endosperm starch components, were transformed into three Japonica cultivars, Nipponbare, Nagdongbyeo, and Dongjinbyeo. The transgenic lines exhibited significantly deviated performances from their wild types on agronomic traits such as days to heading, culm length and yield potential. Multivariate analyses on transgenic lines to the evaluated agronomic traits also indicated random manner of phenotypic deviations from their wild type in terms of deviation directions and degrees. Our results suggested that, therefore, breeding strategies to control unexpected deleterious phenotypic performances among transgenic lines would be critical as much as the functions and proper expressions of the transformed genes.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of postoperative external radiotherapy for patients with intracranial meningiomas. Materials and Methods : The records of thirty three patients with intracranial meningiomas who were treated with postoperative external irradiation at our institution between Feb, 1988 and Nov, 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Median age of patients at diagnosis was 53 years with range of 17 to 68 years. Sites of involvement were parasagital, cerebral convexity, sphenoid ridge, parasellar and tentorium cerebelli. Of 33 evaluated patients, 15 transitional, 10 meningotheliomatous, 4 hemangiopericytic, 3 atypical and 1 malignant meningioma were identified. Four patients underwent biopsy alone and remaining 29 patients underwent total tumor resection. A dose of 50 to 60 Gy was delivered in 28-35 daily fractions over a period of 5 to 7 weeks. Follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 8 years. Results : The actuarial survival rates at 5 and 7 years for entire group of patients were 78% and 67%, respectively. The corresponding disease free survival rates were 73% and 61%, respectively. The overall local control rate at 5 years was 83%. One out of 25 patients in benign group developed local failure, while 4 out of 8 patients in malignant group did local failure (p<0.05). Of 4 patients who underwent biopsy alone, 2 developed local failure. There was no significant difference in 5 year actuarial survival between patients who underwent total tumor resection and those who did biopsy alone. Patients whose age is under 60 showed slightly better survival than those whose age is 60 or older, although this was not statistically significant. There was no documented late complications in any patients. Conclusion : Based on our study, we might conclude that postoperative external beam radiotherapy tends to improve survival of patients with intracranial meningiomas comparing with surgery alone.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Follicular helper T ($T_{FH}$) cells are recently highlighted as their crucial role for humoral immunity to infection as well as their abnormal control to induce autoimmune disease. During an infection, na$\ddot{i}$ve T cells are differentiating into $T_{FH}$ cells which mediate memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells in germinal center (GC). $T_{FH}$ cells are characterized by their expression of master regulator, Bcl-6, and chemokine receptor, CXCR5, which are essential for the migration of T cells into the B cell follicle. Within the follicle, crosstalk occurs between B cells and $T_{FH}$ cells, leading to class switch recombination and affinity maturation. Various signaling molecules, including cytokines, surface molecules, and transcription factors are involved in $T_{FH}$ cell differentiation. IL-6 and IL-21 cytokine-mediated STAT signaling pathways, including STAT1 and STAT3, are crucial for inducing Bcl-6 expression and $T_{FH}$ cell differentiation. $T_{FH}$ cells express important surface molecules such as ICOS, PD-1, IL-21, BTLA, SAP and CD40L for mediating the interaction between T and B cells. Recently, two types of microRNA (miRNA) were found to be involved in the regulation of $T_{FH}$ cells. The miR-17-92 cluster induces Bcl-6 and $T_{FH}$ cell differentiation, whereas miR-10a negatively regulates Bcl-6 expression in T cells. In addition, follicular regulatory T ($T_{FR}$) cells are studied as thymus-derived $CXCR5^+PD-1^+Foxp3^+\;T_{reg}$ cells that play a significant role in limiting the GC response. Regulation of $T_{FH}$ cell differentiation and the GC reaction via miRNA and $T_{FR}$ cells could be important regulatory mechanisms for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we review recent studies on the various factors that affect $T_{FH}$ cell differentiation, and the role of $T_{FH}$ cells in autoimmune diseases.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Pressure ulcers are serious complications of tissue damage that can develop in patients with diminished pain sensation and diminished mobility. Pressure ulcers can result in irreversible tissue damage caused by ischemia resulting from external loading. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to the problem, including interface tissue pressure, shear, temperature, moisture, hygiene, nutrition, tissue tolerance, sensory and motor dysfunction, disease and infection, posture, and body support systems. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between buttock interface pressure and seating position, wheelchair propulsion speed. Seated-interface pressure was measured using the Force Sensing Array pressure mapping system. Twenty subjects propelled wheelchair handrim on a motor-driven treadmill at different velocities (40, 60, 80 m/min) and seating position used recline ($100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$) with a wheelchair simulator. Interface pressure consists of average (mean of the pressure sensor values) and maximum pressure (highest individual sensor value). The results of this study were as follows; No significant correlation in maximum/average pressure was found between a static position and a 40 m/min wheelchair propulsion (p>.05). However, a significant increase in maximum/average pressure were identified between conditions of a static position and 60 m/min, and 80 m/min wheelchair propulsion (p<.05). No significant correlation in maximum pressure were found between a $90^{\circ}$ recline (neutral position) and a $100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, or $120^{\circ}$ recline of the wheelchair back (p>.05). No significant difference in average pressure was found between conditions of a $90^{\circ}$ recline and both a $100^{\circ}$ and $110^{\circ}$ recline of wheelchair back. However, a significant reduction in average pressure was identified between conditions of a $90^{\circ}$ and $120^{\circ}$ recline of wheelchair back (p<.05). This study has shown some interesting results that reclining the seat by $120^{\circ}$ reduced average interface pressure, including the reduction or prevention in edema. And interface pressure was greater during dynamic wheelchair propulsion compared with static seating. Therefore, the optimal seating position and seating system ought to provide postural control and pressure relief. We need an education on optimal seating position and a suitable propulsion speeds for wheelchair users.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 1999

Osteosarcoma in patients older than 40 years are rare, however they have different clinical, radiological and pathological features from those of younger patients. Sometimes accurate histologic diagnosis is not easy, which is important in determining the correct surgical treatment and appropriate chemotherapy. Since January 1995, 11 patients with osteosarcoma occurring in patients older than 40 years have been diagnosed, treated and followed up for more than 6 months. In contrast to osteosarcoma in children and adolescents, only 4 cases(36.4%) were conventional types, while the others included 2 malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like types, 2 small cell types, 2 periosteal osteosarcomas and 1 giant cell-rich type. Seven cases showed purely osteolytic or predominantly osteolytic bony lesions and 8 were in Enneking stage IIB. Performed surgical treatments included 2 amputations, 6 wide resections and reconstructions, and one curettage and autogenous bone graft. In the remaining 2 cases, definitive surgical treatments included not carried out because of old age, multifocal involvement or poor medical tolerance. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies were performed in 9 of 11 patients. At last follow-up, there were 6 continuously disease-free survivals, 3 alive with diseases and 2 died of diseases. The overall cumulative 4-year survival rate calculated using Kaplan-Meier's productlimit method was 59.3%. For improved oncologic outcomes and survivals, early and accurate diagnosis, surgical treatment with adequate margin and neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy will be necessary.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

A new orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) variety named "Kordione" has developed by the National Livestock Research Institute (NLRI) in 2005. To develope a new variety of orchardgrass, 5 superior clones were selected and polycrossed for seed production. Various agronomic growth paramaters and forage production of "Kordione" were examined at Suwon from 2001 to 2002. During 2003-2005, regional trials were conducted at Suwon, Pyungchang, Youngju, Iksan, and Jeju. "Kordione" showed a medium type growth habit in fall and spring, and short in length of flag leaf and upper internode. Plant height of "Kordione" was similar to that of standard variety, "Ambassador" and heading date was 2 days later than 10th May compared to Ambassador. "Kordione" showed enhanced winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and disease resistance compared to Ambassador. In addition, dry matter yield (12,081 kg/ha) of "Kordione" was also higher (11%) than that of the Amabassador. However, nutritive value was similar in both varieties.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

This study was initiated to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds.) cultivars for the climate In Korea through the NTEP(Nat'l Turfgrass Evaluation Program) data. 'L-93' showed the highest rating in overall mean visual quality. It was also the most prominent cultivar in seedling vigors, ground cover, and genetic color especially in summer. In case of turf texture, 'Penn A-1' and 'A-2' were the finest group, but the poorest group in cold tolerance. Leaf density and thatch accumulation were lower with 'Penncross', 'Pennlinks', 'Crenshaw', and 'L-93' as compared with 'Penn A'-type and 'G'-type cultivars. Resistance to moss invasion was greater with 'Penn A'-type and 'G'-type cultivars, but 'Penncross' was the least. These observations indicated that leaf density was considered to associate with the characters of turf quality, thatch accumulation and resistance to moss invasion. 'Penn A'-type cultivars were highly resistant to snow mold. Greater resistance to brown patch was associated with 'Penn A' and 'Penncross'. Higher resistance to pythium blight was found with 'Penncross' and 'Pennlinks'. 'L-93' showed higher resistance to dollar spot, but not to pythium. Therefore, these results demonstrated that turf maintenance program for the new bentgrass cultivars should be different from a conventional management for the cultivar of 'Penncross'.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.263-273
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• 1999

Headache is a symptom with varied etiologies and extraordinarily frequent. Headaches can be a symptom of another diseases, such as meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage or brain tumor, may represent the disease entity itself as the case in migraine. The international Headache Society criteria were the first to distinguish between primary and secondary headache disorders. When evaluating a patient who presents with headache, the physician abviously needs to identify or exclude the myriad conditions that can cause secondary headache and initial diagnostic workup should be considered. If patient meets the criteria for a primary headache disorder, treatment commonly initiated without additional neurodiagnostic tests. The headache type, its associated feature, and the duration and the intensity of the pain attack all can influence the choice of acute therapy in migraine. Pharmacologically, such as NSAIDs, combination analgesics, vasoactive antimigraineous drugs, neuroleptics, antidepressants, or corticosteroids. Other approches to managing headache include a headache diary to identify triggers, biofeedback, relaxation technique and behavioral modification. Daily preventive medication should be considered by his attack frequency and intensity, and maintained for 4 to 6 months. Tension-type headaches are distinguished between episodic and chronic tension-type headache, but physician must make sure that patient is not drug-overuse or independent during symptomatic abortive therapy or preventive medication. The most difficult headache patients to treat are those with chronic daily headache. They often have physical dependency, low frustration tolerance, sleep problems, and depression. So discontinuation of overused medication is crucial. New developments in migraine therapy are broadening the scope of abortive and prophylactic treatment choices available to the physician. The enhanced ease of the use of sumatriptan and DHE will likely increase patient compliance and satisfaction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.491-500
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• 2020

Lactic acid bacteria are widely known to prevent and treat intestinal health conditions, heart disease, depression, and obesity. In Korea, such bacteria are commonly consumed through various fermented foods, although most are isolated from kimchi, and research on the lactic acid bacteria in fermented seafood is insufficient. This study was therefore conducted to observe changes in bacterial flora according to the culture date of lactic acid bacteria in the fermentation of traditional Korean Gajami Sikhae produced in Pohang and to isolate the bacteria of probiotic value. The bacteria were periodically isolated and identified from date of preparation to 50 days after preparation to investigate which Lactobacillus are involved in Gajami Sikhae. As fermentation progressed, it was confirmed that Pediococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. participate predominantly in the early and later periods of fermentation, respectively. During the entire fermentation period, 170 isolates were screened, and the following five species were found to be involved: Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus inopinatus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Five strains of these species were selected through acid and bile tolerance tests, and their coaggregation, autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities were then evaluated. As a result, it is thought that L. brevis GS1022, which has excellent digestive fluid resistance, and P. inopinatus GS316, which has excellent cohesiveness, may be useful as probiotic strains.