• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2000

In an outbreak of acute porcine diarrhea in newborn piglets, an etiological study was carried out using piglets submitted in Cheju Province Institute for Livestock Promotion(Cheju Veterinary Service for the disease diagnosis). Sixteen piglets(2-7 days old) were collected from 4 farms during outbreaks of diarrhea disease(from January to April 2000). Specimens were taken after necropsy and examined by immunohistochemistry using of monoclonal antibodies for porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) virus, transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE) virus, and porcine rotavirus. Immunohistochemistry showed that PED virus antigens, but both TGE virus and rota virus antigens not, were localized in the some epithelial cells of the intestines of 14 animals among 16 piglets examined. PEB virus antigens were mainly detected in the cytoplasm of enterocytes. Infected cells, which were most abundant in the villous epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum, were uncommon in the crypt, epithelial cells, the lamina propria and Peyer's patches of piglets examined. The results suggest that PED virus is one of the most prevailing agents in an outbreak of fatal diarrhea in newborn piglets on Cheju island and PED virus was need to further study to prevent this disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.147-159
• /
• 2001

This Study was conducted to determine vaccination programs for the control of Newcastle Disease(ND) in chickens and investigate protective effect against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) after live ND vaccination. Maternal HI antibody titer level of chickens according to day(age) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 were decreased gradually as 7.10$\pm$0.74, 6.57$\pm$0.74, 3.71$\pm$1.25, 2.20$\pm$1.03, 1.20$\pm$1.23 and 0.50$\pm$0.71. As a result of HI test and ELISA, both chickens vaccinated with VG/GA strain live vaccine at 1-day-old and chickens not vaccinated do not have antibody titer for protection against NDV at 14-day-old. Except for LaSota strain vaccine, in case of vaccination with VG/GA spray and VG/GA, B1 and LaSota strain drinking water at 14-day-old, the protective effect was 100% in chickens inoculated NDV($10^{7.2}$ $EID_{50}$/50${\mu}\ell$, eye drop) at 21-day-old, but not 10～50% at 28-day-old. These data suggest that live NDV vaccination should be given at 10-day-old 20-25day-old for protect against NDV at periodic outbreaks of ND caused by velogenic viscerotropic NDV in the environment of a farm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The human body is a chemical laboratory. Artists are exposed to a variety of chemicals in art studio space and the art materials used in the creation contain toxic ingredients, exposing them to a variety of incurable diseases, including cancer. It aims to analyze the problems of the studio space environment and the risks of art materials, which are fundamental causes of the outbreak of incurable diseases, and to derive the direction of specific practices that can reduce the occurrence of incurable diseases by artists. Method: The harmfulness of an artist's creative space is the cause of a disease outbreak, and two primary factors cause it. One is the environmental hazards caused by the use of tools, air pollution, and chemical hazards caused by art materials in the architectural space environment of the studio. Necessary measures are put forward to control disease outbreaks by identifying the status and cause of intractable diseases caused by studies. Result: The plan is urgent for the establishment of safety rules and regular pre-trainthese two factors and analyzing the results of prior research and implementation investigationing, the legal provisions of studio architecture design and the introduction of labelling rules to control the distribution of harmful art materials.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.312-327
• /
• 2021

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) to manage healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) has emerged as one of the most significant public health issues in Korea. The purpose of this study is to draw implications in IPC policies by analyzing the context, process, and major actors in policy development and comparatively analyzing IPC policy contents of Korea with three other countries. Additionally, IPC policies were analyzed in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide implications for future pandemics and HCAI events. Methods: This study incorporates a qualitative approach based on document and content analysis, applying codes and thematic categorization. IPC policy contents are comparatively analyzed by adopting the concept model, developed by the World Health Organization, which consists of core components of IPC structure at the national and facility level. Results: National IPC policies were developed within a complex social and political context, through the involvement of various stakeholders. IPC policies in Korea place a high emphasis on establishing IPC programs and built environments in healthcare facilities, whereas there were potentials for improvement in policies involving patients and promoting a safety culture. IPC policies, which currently focus on general hospitals and certain functions of hospitals, should further be expanded to target all healthcare facilities and functions, to ensure more efficient and sustainable IPC responses in the current and future disease outbreaks. Conclusion: IPC is a complex policy arena and lessons learned from the analysis of existing policies in the context of COVID-19 should provide valuable strategic implications for future policies.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.75.1-75.7
• /
• 2022

Background: Since 2013, the number of requests for diagnosis for horses based on neurological symptoms has increased rapidly in South Korea. The affected horses have commonly exhibited symptoms of acute seasonal hindlimb ataxia. A previous study from 2015-2016 identified Setaria digitata as the causative agent. Objectives: This study is an epidemiological investigation to find out risk factors related to the rapid increase in hindlimb ataxia of horses due to aberrant parasites in South Korea. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted on 155 cohabiting horses in 41 horse ranches where the disease occurred. The surrounding environment was investigated at the disease-causing horse ranches (n = 41) and 20, randomly selected, non-infected ranches. Results: Hindlimb ataxia was confirmed in nine cohabiting horses; this was presumed to be caused by ectopic parasitism. Environments that mosquitoes inhabit, such as paddy fields within 2 km and less than 0.5 km from a river, had the greatest association with disease occurrence. Conclusions: Most horse ranches in South Korea are situated in favorable environments for mosquitoes. Moreover, the number of mosquitoes in the country has increased since 2013 due to climate change. Additional research is required; however, these data show that it is necessary to establish guidelines for the use of anthelmintic agents based on local factors in South Korea and disinfection of the environment to prevent disease outbreaks.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalent characteristics of fowl typhoid (FT) of chicken caused by Salmonella gallinarum in Korea. The occurrence of FT for 7 years from 1995 to 2001 in Korea was analyzed. The incidence of FT outbreaks was 10.3% of the total outbreaks of avian infectious disease cases diagnosed at National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) from 1995 to 2001. When the outbreaks of H cases was analyzed in relation to the chicken breeds, the incidence of FT in commercial layers, commercial broilers, egg-type breeders, and meat-type breeders was 71.4%, 25.0%, 0.2% and 3.4%, respectively. Especially, the incidence in layers fell 25.8~27.6% in 2000 and 2001 from 1999, on the other hand, the amount of FT vaccines assayed at NVRQS for use in layers only jumped to 57,881.5$\times$1,000 dose in 2001, an increase of 4 times from the previous year. In the analysis of the seasonal distribution, it was found the incidence was high in summer (38.5%) and fall (33.9%). Also, the age comparison analysis showed that the rate of FT outbreaks in layers was highest (45.6%) between 10 to 30 weeks. However, in broilers, the highest percentage (61.6%) was shown at the age of below 2 weeks.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.78 no.4
• /
• pp.349-355
• /
• 2015

Background: The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the standard tool to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in mass screening. The aim of this study is to find an optimal cut-off point of the TST+ rate within tuberculosis (TB) contacts to predict the active TB development among adolescents in school TB outbreaks. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Review and Assessment database was used to identify active TB development in relation to the initial TST (cut-off, 10 mm). The 7,475 contacts in 89 schools were divided into two groups: Incident TB group (43 schools) and no incident TB group (46 schools). LTBI treatment was initiated in 607 of the 1,761 TST+ contacts. The association with active TB progression was examined at different cut-off points of the TST+ rate. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was $3.9{\pm}0.9years$. Thirty-three contacts developed active TB during the 4,504 person-years among the TST+ contacts without LTBI treatment (n=1,154). The average TST+ rate for the incident TB group (n=43) and no incident TB group (n=46) were 31.0% and 15.5%, respectively. The TST+ rate per group was related with TB progression (odds ratio [OR], 1.025; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.050; p=0.037). Based on the TST+ rate per group, active TB was best predicted at TST+ ${\geq}$ 16% (OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.29-7.51; area under curve, 0.64). Conclusion: Sixteen percent of the TST+ rate per group within the same grade students can be suggested as an optimal cut-off to predict active TB development in middle and high schools TB outbreaks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.166-170
• /
• 2015

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic loss and devastating effect on international trade of animal or animal products. Since FMD outbreaks have recently occurred in some Asian countries, it is important to understand the relationship between diverse immunogenomic structures of host animals and the immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We performed genome wide association study based on high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for identifying FMD resistant loci in Holstein cattle. Among 624532 SNP after quality control, we found that 11 SNPs on 3 chromosomes (chr17, 22, and 15) were significantly associated with the trait at the p.adjust <0.05 after PERMORY test. Most significantly associated SNPs were located on chromosome 17, around the genes Myosin XVIIIB and Seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like, which were associated with lung cancer. Based on the known function of the genes nearby the significant SNPs, the FMD resistant animals might have ability to improve their innate immune response to FMDV infection.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.301-318
• /
• 2007

Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious lymphoproliferative disease of poultry caused by the oncogenic herpesvirus designated Marek's disease virus (MDV). MD has a worldwide distribution and is thought to cause an annual loss over US$ one billion to the poultry industry. Originally described as a paralytic disease, today MD is mostly manifested as an acute disease with tumors in multiple visceral organs. MD is controlled essentially by the widespread use of live vaccines administered either in ovo into 18-day-old embryos or into chicks immediately after they hatch. In spite of the success of the vaccines in reducing the losses from the disease in the last 30 years, MDV strains have shown continuous evolution in virulence acquiring the ability to overcome the immune responses induced by the vaccines. During this period, different generations of MD vaccines have been introduced to protect birds from the increasingly virulent MDV strains. However, the virus will be countered each new vaccine strategy with ever more virulent strains. In spite of this concern, currently field problem from MD is likely to be controled by strategy of using bivalent vaccine. But, potential risk factors for outbreak of MD are still remained in this condition. The major factors can be thought that improper handling and incorrect administration of the vaccine, infection prior to establishment of immunity, suppression of immune system by environmental stress and outbreaks of more virulent MDV strain by using vaccine and genetic resistance of host.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.2221-2227
• /
• 2017

Echovirus serotype 30 (ECHO30) has been responsible for several recent worldwide outbreaks of viral meningitis. In Zhejiang Province, China, ECHO30 has been one of the main causes of viral meningitis for years. This study, using phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene, was performed to investigate the general molecular epidemiology and genetic patterns of ECHO30 circulating in Zhejiang Province between the years 2002 and 2015. The nucleotide sequences of ECHO30 VP1 showed that they were 64.8% identical with the prototype strain, Bastianni, while the amino acids were 84.9% identical. Phylogenetic analyses showed that ECHO30 in the Zhejiang area has diverged into two genotypes. Genotype I consists of strains isolated since 2002, whereas genotype II includes strains that were mainly isolated during the 2002 to 2004 outbreak. ECHO30 has been endemically circulating in both humans and the environment for a long period of time. Additionally, we evaluated the significance of recombination presented during the years 2005 to 2007 to demonstrate that recombination plays an important role in the prevalence of ECHO30 in the Zhejiang area.