• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-122
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of a career education program during a discretional activity class in elementary school. It established the following questions to achieve the objectives. First, does a career education program In a discretional activity class have an effect on elementary schooler's career maturity? Second, does a career education program in a discretional activity class make an influence on elementary schooler's self-concept? To settle these subjects, it assigned two classes in 5th grade of A elementary school, city of Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, experiment group and control group. It was applied the experiment group a career education program. As for measurement, it was used career maturity level test for elementary and middle schoolers' and 'the self-concept diagnostic test'. It was examined career maturity and self-concept of the groups through the pre-test post-test, applying cross-tabulation analysis to career choices pattern and t-test to career maturity level and self-concept. The results were as follows: First, students of experiment group showed meaningful differences in career choice pattern, career choice attitude, and career choosing skills compared to control group, and that presented a career education program made a positive impact on elementary schooler's career maturity. Second, it showed that there was a significant difference in self-concept, showing students of experiment group took better place. it is believed that a career education program had a potent influence on the self-concept of elementary students.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.2 s.30
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• pp.147-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to closely examine the changes of food and drink waste amounts, and student's environmental literacy. By using creative methods, discretional activity classes, and programs to dispose of food and drink waste from students schoolmeals, and at the same time conduct and teach environmental education classes. To achieve this, students were given ten class lessons in creative discretional activities. Students were given flowerpots containing earthworms and were instructed to raise them, using food and drink waste from school meals. Four classes who were participating in project were examined for changes from March to July 2005. As a result the environmental education classes through creative discretional activities didn't have any significant influence on the students environmental literacy. However it did make a difference to the student's in-terms of their ecological knowledge. The project using earthworms to dispose of food and waste drink showed a decrease of 15% of the amount of waste food and drink from school meals. Moreover student's environmental literacy had been significantly influenced about environmental sensibility, value and causes. Through this study I found that the project using earthworms to dispose of waste food and drink, and creative discretional activities as a lesson decreased the amount of food and drink waste at the school, and the changes to students concerns and understanding about environmental sensibility, value and the various causes of waste food and drink.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2005

In the present study, in order to improve elementary students’ nutrition knowledge and form correct eating habits, dietitian in charge executed nutrition education for 4th-, 5th- and 6th-grade students at Namchang Elementary School in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do using various educational media for five weeks and two sessions a week (a total of 10 sessions) through discretional activity classes. As for change in nutritional knowledge after nutrition education, 4th-grade students showed improvement by 24.3points(p<0.001), 5th-grade ones by 18.0(p<0.001), and 6th-grade ones by 16.7(p<0.001). With regard to change in dietary habits after education, no effect was observed in the improvement of dietary life but the score of dietary habits was improved as a whole. Nutritional knowledge and dietary habits were in a positive correlation with each other before education(r=0.406, p<0.001), but in no correlation after education. Nutritional knowledge and dietary habit practice plan were in a positive correlation after education(r=0.310, p<0.01). With regard to nutritional knowledge after nutrition education by children’s body type measured using Rohrer Index, knowledge increased significantly in normal children(p<0.001), obese children(p<0.001) and highly obese children(p<0.05) but not in slim children. the effect of education was not significant for children’s dietary habits. Practice plan showed significant changes in all of children(p<0.001). This suggests that nutrition education should be executed from early age. It is necessary to define the goals of systematic nutrition education fit for children’s level and to develop various education programs and teaching materials.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.205-215
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• 2005

Health is easily overlooked because it doesn’t be changed good or bad due to sudden effort or indifference unexpectedly but kept in daily life. Especially, schoolchildren period, an important lifetime to develop both physically and mentally needs to be helpful to promote the growth of the body and keep well-balanced mind through balanced and nourishing diet. The purpose of this study was to develop nutrition education contents for discretional activities in elementary school. The present educational contents about food and nutrition was analysed in the curriculum of elementary school. The results showed the Korean language(20.8%) included an highest ratio in educational contents about food and nutrition, the next was the courses of physical education and wise life(18.1%, each). As the educational contents about food and nutrition in the textbook were dealt with food information (20.8%), Health․Disease(15.3%), and correct dietary habits by order. We could found more contents in the text for the higher classes than for the lower classes. But the most of the contents appeared lack of structure, profundity and continuity for the systematic nutrition education in its entirety. The developed nutrition education contents for discretional activities in this study consist of korean dinning cultures and foreign dinning cultures, correct dinning etiquette, how to choose healthy food, personal sanitary and health, nutrients and food tower, and problem for children’s nutrition as main subject. This six main subjects were composed of 23 subtitles. The teaching manual consisted of the educational goal, background, teaching plan and effect-evaluation plan, and the notice point for the effective lesson. The teaching plan was made for 30 hours and consisted of cooking course, singing/making lyrics, games in nutrition, debate on dietary habit, and role play etc which are oriented to practical learning. We intended to develop this program that attempts to improve in dietary habit of schoolchildren. It is because once formed an adults dietary habit is difficult to change. Schoolchildren’s period is the best adjustable stage. Therefore, nutrition education in elementary stage can change to dietary habit and build the awareness of health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.489-499
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• 2010

The effects of a nutritional education program for first grade middle school students were evaluated from August to December, 2006. The study subjects were 82 boys and 90 girls, residing in Gwangju, Korea. To assess the effects of the nutritional education program, pre- and post-questionnaires examining nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary habits were developed. Paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to evaluate the effects of the nutritional education program. In the general subject, the main after-school activities were studying, watching TV, and using computer (85.5%), and sports (9.3%), suggesting their low physical activity. Parents (46.5%) were indicated as the source of nutritional education rather than teachers (13.4%). Twenty-five percent of girl students had diet experience of skipping meals (54.6%), suggesting the need of proper nutritional education for adolescents' health care. In dietary attitudes, both genders showed some improvement of recognition after education. In the changes in dietary habits, both genders had a significant effect on 'three meals a day, eating breakfast, and regular meal' after education. After education, the rate of having breakfast everyday increased from 52.4% to 65.9% for boys and from 33.3%to 57.8% for girls. In the changes in nutritional knowledge, the appreciation of the importance of school meals increased in both genders from 50.6% to 80.8% after education. The nutritional knowledge, scores of regular eating and well-mannered eating increased in both genders regardless of the students' characteristics. The study results revealed that this education provided an important motivation to improve basic nutritional knowledge and dietary habit. It is recommended to develop systematic and various educational programs and learning materials tailored to subjects before nutritional education.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.15-23
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• 2006

The current 7th Curriculum require elementary students to participate in an independent computer education class one time per week through means of discretion activity. However a national standard of this educational process has yet to be established, which has made regional provincial and city offices of education to choose textbooks for this purpose by discretion, that showed difference in quality, in operating education curriculums related to computer education for each classes in school such as continuing the repetitive contents without any rank or system. Also informatization education, which is one of national policies, might develop educational unbalance to young children who are to become the main characters in the future information society, due to excessive emphasis on aspect of using computer, which develops education mainly based on learning functions of applicable software. Therefore, we are proposing a discretion activity education curriculum model for utilization of computer education in elementary school which is showing regional difference based on former studies. This study will be helpful in substantiating of computer education in elementary schools in the future.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.115-125
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• 2010

This study conducted a survey on recognition of teachers, students, and Parent Teacher Association(PTA) for the Education for Sustainable Development from April to October, 2008. It confirmed a couple of facts, which were summarized as follows; First, among eight educational areas including Environmental Education, Energy Education, Gender Education, World Heritage Education, Multi-cultural Coexistence Education, Peace Education, Education for human rights, and Education for international understanding that UNESCO had offered, this study showed that the 'Environmental Education' is a relatively important area comparing with others. Second, 54.4% of the respondents have agree with the need of the education for sustainable development in the middle school and the high school, and 54.1% of them showed their willingness to participate in the program. Third, because 49.2% of the respondents chose 'important' on the question of 'how important the field education and the experience education are', it looked like most of them agreed with the importance of the field education and the experience education. Fourth, because 61.1% of the responded teachers chose 'need' on the question of 'if it needs relationship with other studies', it looked like most of them agreed with the necessity of relationship with other studies. Fifth, 62.5% of the respondents chose 'no' on the question of 'if they conduct the education for sustainable development Even if some wanted the education for sustainable development, most of them would not do it in the regular curriculum, but in the special activity class or teacher's discretional time. Sixth, most respondents indicated the teacher's class burden and the teacher's lack of knowledge as the problem if the education for sustainable development would be conducted. This result implied that in order to vitalize the education for sustainable development, the teacher's class burden should be reduced and the teacher train program is necessary. Finally, urgent requested studies could improve the education for sustainable development in communities and schools, because the result of the survey showed education, natural observation learning, and visiting ecological parks as important elements.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.246-257
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of a nutrition education program of reducing children's sugar intake based on social cognitive theory. This education program composed of 6 units was conducted in discretional activity class of the $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ grade elementary school students. The results are as follows: First, the rate of correct answers and score of nutrition knowledge significantly increased after nutrition education. The scores of nutrition education in male students, students whose mothers have no job, and students with skinny physiques were much improved after nutrition education(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively). Second, the dietary attitudes toward reducing sugar intake and checking nutrition labels significantly improved(p<0.05). And also, it tended to decrease in preference and intake of sweet foods. Third, the consumption of candy caramel jelly(p<0.05), yogurt(p<0.05), jam honey(p<0.05), and ice cream(p<0.001) were reduced after nutrition education. Besides, obese students' consumption of isotonic beverages, carbonated beverages, and fruit juice was reduced. Therefore, a positive change in dietary behavior appeared. Based on the above results, we confirmed that the nutrition education program focusing on reducing sugar intake applied with social cognitive theory was effective for improving the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary behavior in sugar intake in elementary school students. Especially, this program showed the improvement in nutrition knowledge as well as dietary attitude and behavior in sugar intake among obese children. Since nutrition education during childhood significantly influences lifetime-health and disease prevention, it is necessary to develop theory-based nutrition education program and practice systematic and constant nutrition education in elementary schools.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2010

The object of this study is to compare the cognitive differences between teenagers who are operating the internet shopping mall and those who are not operating to analyze the effect of the enterprise experience on the career maturity of teenager. And we are to present the operation methods of teenager entrepreneurship education at school by identifying the difficulties of teenager internet shopping malls and investigating demands of teenagers for the entrepreneurship education. The results of this study are as following. First, the internet shopping malls established by teenagers were mostly operated with small scale and capital dealt with clothing and fashion accessories. It is difficult for most of teenagers to inform the shopping malls and understand the flow of fashion and demands of consumers. They acquired the informations on enterprise using internet or acquaintances. This is because there are no professional teenager entrepreneurship education. And they chose the confidence and spirit of challenge which are mostly needed for success of the internet shopping malls. Therefore, they can acquire the confidence and spirit of challenge by effective entrepreneurship education on resource management, team management, business plan and marketing. Second, teenagers who are operating the internet shopping malls got higher scores on career maturity and degree of need in the entrepreneurship education than those who are not. Thus the expansion of the systemed and diversified entrepreneurship education at school is needed to increase business practice and entrepreneurship. Third, most teenagers wanted the entrepreneurship education at school. They preferred external lectures who can teach them with professional experiences and practical knowledges using discretional activity classes or club activity classes. Dividend classes of creative experience activities including career, voluntary and club activities are increased in 2009 revised education curriculum. Using these classes, it requires to operate the entrepreneurship education which make students decide their career themselves through concrete education and experience. Consequently, the expansion of the systemed and diversified teenager entrepreneurship education at school is needed using development of practical entrepreneurship education program, professional teacher training and revitalization of entrepreneurship club activities.