• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2023

The inclusion of software and wireless communication devices in vehicles has raised concerns regarding automobile security. In its response, UNECE WP.29 implemented the first-ever international standard for automotive cyber security in June 2020. Yet, the existing disparity between national standards for automotive certification systems and 「UN Regulation No. 155」 has caused confusion among auto makers. This discrepancy not only jeopardizes the security of domestic vehicles but also poses challenges to the seamless import and export of automobiles. Hence, there is a need to enhance the automotive cyber security certification system; however, there is a dearth of scholarly discourse on this topic. Consequently, this study presents a proposal for enhancing the domestic automotive cyber security certification system. In view of this, existing legal frameworks such as the 「Motor Vehicle Management Act」 and the 「Self-Driving Vehicle Act」 were reviewed, along with domestic and international automotive certification systems. The recommendations for improvement, derived from the findings, encompass institutional, legal, and operational aspects. This study is highly significant as it examines both domestic and international automotive certification systems in an area where there is a lack of academic discussion.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.660-663
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• 2009

Consumers express how they evaluate what they purchased by writing reviews especially when they purchased products online. By analyzing the reviews about a product, it will be possible to find out what the consumers liked and disliked about the product. It will be also possible to identify the general consensus on what matters in purchaing certain product type such as a laptop if many reviews about many instances of a particular product type is analyzed. However, it takes a lot of time to manually analyzing the reviews. Thus, we propose to use two natural language processing oriented computational techniques to analyze a large number of reviews. The techniques are text classification and information extraction. We developed an review analysis system and conducted experiments against the reviews about the laptop computers posted on the Naver information portal.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.990-1002
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• 2005

To generate coherent texts, it is important to produce appropriate pronouns to refer to previously-mentioned things in a discourse. Specifically, we focus on pronominalization by zero pronouns which frequently occur in Korean. This paper investigates zero pronouns in Korean based on the cost-based centering theory, especially focusing on the center transitions of adjacent utterances. In previous centering works, only one type of nominal entity has been considered as the target of pronominalization, even though other entities are frequently pronominalized as zero pronouns. To resolve this problem, and explain the reference phenomena of real texts, four types of nominal entity (Npair, Ninter, Nintra, and Nnon) from centering theory are defined with the concept of inter-, intra-, and pairwise salience. For each entity type, a case study of zero phenomena is performed through analyzing corpus and building a pronominalization model. This study shows that the zero phenomena of entities which have been neglected in previous centering works are explained via the renter transition of the second previous utterance. We also show that in Ninter, Nintra, and Nnon, pronominalization accuracy achieved by complex combination of several types of features is completely or nearly achieved by using the second previous utterance's transition across genres.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2014

This study attempted to achieve an understanding of how ever-single women in their 40s and 50s deconstructed and restructured on marriage and family. For this aim, this study adopted a qualitative method. The participants were 13 single women in their 40s and 50s who had never been married. In-depth individual interviews were carried out, focusing on ever-single women's views about marriage and family. The result of theme analysis indicated that the participants considered marriage as an unfavorable lifestyle for women. The participants could be split into two types based on their perspectives on marriage. The first type had a universal concept of marriage. In other words, they believed that when they growup, they should be married women. The other type had a negative concept of marriage because of their parents'unhappy marriage. Despite their view of marriage, all of the participants recognized marriage as a patriarchal structure. Also, they had a strong sense of responsibility to their original families. They had a broad definition of family, so they considered their parents, siblings, and siblings' family members as their family. In addition, they interacted with their families, especially their mothers, who did not have control over their lives but supported them and showed interest in their lives. Like this, the participants maintained their views of married life and family without changing after their single status and had close relationships with their family members.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.173-200
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• 2012

This paper examines ${\acute{e}}pist{\acute{e}}m{\grave{e}}$ of ${\acute{e}}criture$ and its politics in Kim, Soo-Yung's poems, focusing on 'language-letter' images such as "speech", "language", "printing type", "letter", "brush", "book" and so on. While the previous papers fail to present the overall framework of analysis on 'language-${\acute{e}}criture$' images and to show political dimensions of discourse analysis, this paper tries to overcome these limitations. It explains images of 'speech' and 'language' on the basis of Heidegger's ontological thought, and analyzes writing-images such as 'type', 'letters' using Derrida's concepts of 'archi-${\acute{e}}criture$' and '${\acute{e}}criture$'. It also gives a new name to multiple images of 'book' in his poems as 'politics of ${\acute{e}}criture$' based on problematic such as Badiou's 'ethics of truths' and Derrida's '${\acute{e}}criture$'.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.44
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• pp.197-236
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to discover the distinctive aspects of Sijo in the 17th Century through five old music scores, "梁琴新譜Yangqeumsinbo", "白雲庵琴譜 baekwoonamgeumbo", "增補古琴譜jeungbogogeumbo", "延世大學校所藏琴譜geumbo in Yonsei University", "琴譜古geumbogo", which were compiled in this time period. First, four Sijo works are found from the "梁琴新譜Yangqeumsinbo" and one of them is noteworthy because it was sung as 中大葉Jungdaeyeop, 初中大葉 Chojungdaeyeop, 二中大葉Yijungdaeyeop and showed signs to fit the Sijo format type since the 17th century. In "白雲庵琴譜baekwoonamgeumbo", there are three Sijo works (one has recorded music scores and two don't) and one of them is discovered with last phrase being omitted. In "延世大學校所藏琴譜geumbo in Yonsei University", there are 9 Sijo works performed with 中大葉Jungdaeyeop. In "增補古琴譜 jeungbogogeumbo", there are three works performed with 數大葉Sakdaeyeop and one of them is noteworthy as a clue about the relations between Sijo and Goryeosokyo because it is a modified work which adapted the Goryeosokyo "Gasiri" according to the Sijo format. In 琴譜古geumbogo, there are three works with high possibility that repertoire with 中大葉Jungdaeyeop were already set up at this time. Based on these five music scores, it can be mentioned that a lot of Geumbos were compiled in 17th century, not for the purpose of enlightening discourse at the national level but for referencing for music lovers by themselves to memorize songs individually. It is also discovered that Sijo was performed with only 平調pyeong-jo out of 羽調woo-jo, 羽調界面調woojokyemyen-jo, 平調pyeong-jo, 平調界面調pyeongjokyemyun-jo in early 17th century, but it was performed with other three and 數大葉Sakdaeyeop as well after the mid-17th century. On the other hand, despite the change in the musical tunes, lyrics do not show a significant change at this time because it is estimated repertoire with specific piece of music was already formed in 17th Century. However, performing itself would give a certain impact on change and loss of lyrics because it tends to focus on communication and emotional connection between singers and audience. Clarifying characteristics in Sijo from old music scores is meaningful in that Sijo can be understood better not only as written poetry but also as oral poetry and overcome bias of previous researches which have been proceeded mainly on Sijo lyrics collection(歌集).

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.195-227
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• 2021

In a situation where it is difficult to plan face-to-face worship or assembly-type evangelism due to the continuation of the corona pandemic, it seems that evangelism is not a way to present the gospel, but to strengthen the gospel life. This is the era of evangelism as a spiritual care where the church can comfort those who are struggling and share the gospel naturally by accompanying them, and the time has come to set and practice various ministry directions that combine Christian education and counseling. At this time, this paper aims to analyze not only in the area of counseling, but also studies and papers on professional ministry through a convergence and complex approach between Christian education and counseling. This study focused on the papers on practical trials and cases. The research contents to be dealt with include the concept and understanding of counseling in Christian education, the application of counseling as various Christian education methods, and the development of programs necessary for the field. In addition, the purpose of this study is to analyze what kind of trend characteristics the subjects developed in advance show, what kind of trend characteristics research methodologies were used in the preceding studies, and what are the issues and tasks of Christian education and counseling based on the subject and method analysis. This study aims to analyze various influences on Korean society by meta-analyzing the discourse and issues of Christian education and counseling developed in the field of Christian education in Korea and suggest the convergence and direction of counseling in the field of Christian education in the future. First, many studies should be conducted to lay a systematic and clearer theoretical foundation for the convergence and complex approach of Christian education and counseling. Second, various studies on the understanding and psychological evaluation of learners based on psychology should be conducted. Finally, research on various counseling techniques should be conducted in Christian education counseling, and in particular, various studies on the application and practice of Christian education counseling using basic counseling theory should be conducted. The author also hope that studies on effectiveness verification based on utilization cases will be actively carried out to develop counseling programs that can help our neighbors who are struggling during the coronavirus era and provide direction for Christian education counseling.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.20
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• pp.113-139
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• 2004

This article intends to illuminate how the men. leading agents in Saseol-sijo - musical performers. writers of lyrics, patrons. composers. compilers of Sijo anthologies, audience. etc. - In the Late Choson period, viewed or recognized women and how their understanding of women was reflected in the texts. Working with texts with the theme of 'Love,' this article starts with categorizing two types of love: the first type, 'lovelorn heart' focusing on unilateral pining for a single lover who is absent now and the second type. 'physical love' concentrating on bilateral sexual intercourse. In addition to the types of love, the gender of poetic speakers, distinct from real poets is vital to characterize the discourse of love. According to these two factors. texts in question fall into four groups: texts that a female speaker displays her lovelorn heart('Type 1'), those where she speaks about her sexual experiences('Type 2'), those where a male speaker sings his lovelorn heart('Type 3'), and those where he describes his sexual experiences('Type 4'). Of these. 'Type 2' and 'Type 3' are key to understanding of the men's view of women. With respect to the configuration of the theme of 'Love,' it should be noted that in Korean literary history, the nim or a 'sweetheart' had signified the totality of value or a perfect entity which makes one's life meaningful and that 'Type 1,' the pattern that a female subject expresses her love toward male min, had constituted a traditional way to convey the theme of 'Love.' In terms of this connotation of min. a remarkable increase of 'Type 3' implying the increase of male speakers, reveals the extent to which women, the male speakers' min, accomplished their entry into a 'sacred area' -the position of mm-in which only men had occupied; females are focused and centralized. This article considers this phenomenon as an exhibition of the upgrade of women's significance and weight in the Late Choson society and as an index of 'modernity.' Meanwhile, given that most of the Saseol-sijo poets are men, the emergence of the 'Type 2' texts in which male poets have female speakers disclose their sexual experiences, demonstrates a representative example that women are degraded to be a means of men's pleasure; for this situation gives men more pleasure than when male speakers reveal their sexual experiences. Not only 'Type 2,' but texts group which basically belongs to 'Type I' and conveys the theme of 'Loyalty' through the female voice by substituting rulers-subjects relation for men-women relation, also falls under the same case. For men employ female voice as a poetic device in order to stress the theme of 'Loyalty' This article regards this phenomenon as an index of 'pre-modernity,' in the sense that in a pre-modem society, specifically in Early Choson, male-oriented value system dominates, thereby alienating women. As it is well known, the Late Choson is marked by a transitional period from a pre-modem society to a modem society. Therefore the ambivalence of the premodern and the modem can be found mixed in every segment of the society. The dual aspects of the masculine view of women in Saseol-sijo constitutes one example. The significance of the Saseol-sijo in Korean literary history can be found in this phenomenon.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1001-1024
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• 2009

This study investigates what older adults have image of older adult with relation to their self-identity. Fourteen participants are interviewed in this study. The main findings are as follows. Their response to image of older adult is divided in the form of 'denial' and 'accommodation' about social images of older adults. 'Denial' has 'total denial' and 'selective denial' while 'accommodation' includes 'acceptive accommodation', 'selective accommodation' and 'unwilling accommodation'. 'Total denial' indicates that the participants describe older adults very negatively, and they regard themselves as a person who is totally different from the older person they describe. 'Selective denial' represents that the participants have two types of older adults: negative and positive. They describe that they are close to the positive type of older adults themselves although they do not admit that they are older adults. 'Acceptive accommodating' does not describe older adults negatively, and they identify themselves as older adults. 'Selective accommodating' are very similar to 'selective denial' although the former differs from the latter in that they accept that they are older adults. 'Selective accommodating' also includes negative and positive types of older adults, and this type of participants admit that they are older adults, and believe that they belong to the positive type. In contrast to 'acceptive accommodating', 'unwilling accommodating' describes older adults very negatively. However, the participants belonging to 'unwilling accommodating' comes to accept that they are older adults due to irresistible realities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

To the human being, the space as the objective for fundamental thought called 'Being', and the space as the place for actual experience containing 'Life and Experience', have coexisted. Such dual characteristics owned by the space have come to the present creating various spatial viewpoints. As for the space as the objective for various thoughts and interpretations, its emphasis is nowadays being moved to the existence from such being. There is the event in the core of such change. Human's recognition for the space is originated from the observed events, which appears as an immense meaning, as it 'is accumulated as the experience. Therefore, the importance of the event in another viewpoint thinking the space is becoming bigger. This research has tried to grasp the tendency for the place-orientation by grasping the meaning owned by the event through the course that the viewpoint for such space has been changed. This research put its focus on clarifying the relationship between the place and event that are brought into relief by tracking down the transitional process of the viewpoint of space in the history of Occidental philosophy. Through this process, this research came to have a grip on the relationship in which a sense of place obviously stands out in bold relief as a result of an event, an emblem of an event, condition of an event, and as an event itself. Such four patterns are not mutually individual phenomenon, but form a discourse on modern space by traversing each other crisscross.