• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.786-795
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• 2012

Water quality management should be focused on the pollution concentrated area so that the improvement of water quality can be achieved effectively for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). It is necessary to consider discharge characteristics in the TMDL plan. This study analysed discharge characteristics such as pollution generation and discharge load density, and reduction potential by each unit watershed, and categorized the unit watershed into four groups according to its discharge load characteristics. This analysis can be used as helpful information for the prioritization of pollution reduction area and selection of pollution reduction measures in the development of TMDL plans.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.452-457
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• 2008

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is caused by rainfall moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away various pollutants from NPS. The discharge pattern of NPS pollutant loads is affected by the distribution of the rainfall during the year. This study analysed relationship between the rainfall event and the stream flow rate, and estimated the rainfall discharge ratio on the specific design flow which can be used as nonpoint discharge coefficient for the estimation of NPS pollution load. It is considered that nonpoint discharge coefficient can be effectively used for the calculation of NPS pollution load at the time of water quality modelling for the management of Total maximum daily load (TMDL).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.761-767
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• 2010

This study introduces a model of territorial analysis on Chungcheongnam-do Nonsan-chun valley area, which gives an example of a method of selecting the management area for non-point pollution source from land use to help eliminate its source. High discharge load per unit area signify high level of land ratio with high level of basic unit of development load (including factory sites, school sites, roadways), which mean that there are a significant level of urbanization. It is these areas with the examination of the water quality of the nearby river that should be considered as the management area for non-point pollution source. Thus, the management area for non-point pollution source should be sought in areas with high discharge load per unit area and high density of water pollution area. When level of drainage is high the pollution density level is relatively lower, and when the level of drainage is low the density level is relatively higher. The level of pollution from non-point pollution source is much lower with more water flowing through. The possible non-point pollution source areas that were selected with these standards were then examined with the distance from the river, the slope angle, land usage, elevation, BOD discharge density load, T-N discharge density load, T-P discharge density load, and were given a level one through five. Out of the possible areas Nonsan-si Yeonmu-eup Anshim-li was the densest area, and it was given level one. The level one area should be examined further with the field analysis to be selected as the actual management area for non-point pollution source.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.527-536
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• 2000

This study estimates the pollution load in a basin by regional groups analyzing the relationship between the discharge and pollution load. The study area is placed in the Miho stream basin known as the main tributary of the Kum river. Four major Telemetary streamflow stations are chosen. In this research, discharge and water quality in a dry season and a flood season from the observed discharge in the stream are analyzed. The Rating-Curve and the Pollutograph are drawn analyzing discharge and water quality at the major stations. The characteristics of runoff for each stream are analyzed and the change of water quality are analyzed for rainfall period. The relationship between discharge and water quality has been investigated. The relationship between the discharge and pollution load is analyzed and a representative equation is derived. These relationships permit an estimates of the pollution load at the Miho stream basin. basin.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2015

Four major river basin in Korea has been managed with Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) System. Water quality indicators as targeted pollutants for TMDL were BOD and TP. In order to satisfy water quality criteria, government allocation using public treatment facilities and its action plan has been used. However, the role to improve water quality were recently faced to its limitation. It is time to require the role of non-government allocation in private discharge facilities to control good water quality. This study investigated three different scenarios in reduction demands of non-government allocations about industry and private sewages. The three different scenarios were discharge under 1) legal water quality standard, 2) water quality level in 2011 and 3) current water quality level with maximum value in group. The results showed that reduction potential in water discharge for TP indicator was 1,118kg/day, under second scenario with 20% of deduction. This results arrived at 42% of whole reduction potential costs and 0.012mg/L improvement in water quality. In conclusion, to intrigue voluntary participation in non-government allocation, various benefits such as tax reduction, tax exemption, and water quality trading should be provided.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2011

The quantity of a discharge load can change with changes in rainfall in the area with a combined sewer system (CSS). To evaluate the implementation appropriately in the management of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), the effects of rainfall changes should be considered in the estimation of the discharge load. The rainfall condition for the estimation of the discharge load in a certain year should be standardized to the same rainfall condition as that of the reference year. However, the calculation process is very complicated with its potential limitations. This study investigated and developed relatively simple methods for estimating the discharge load. Load conversion method (LCM) is designed to convert the discharge load under the current rainfall condition into that of the reference rainfall conditions. Simple rainfall data method (SRDM) is to simplify the estimation process of the discharge load by the simple conversion of rainfall data. These methods were applied to calculate the discharge load and examine the estimation results. From the results of this study the application of these methods may be useful for estimating the discharge load in the TMDL process.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

To drive efficiently total water pollution load management, needs to calculate the exact load emissions, pollution load allocation and implementation evaluation in each unit area of watershed and accurate and regular flow of data. For these reasons, the Nakdong River TMDL Research Center has produced directly or indirectly in the average interval of eight days (30 times or more / year) 41 points for unit area of the total water pollution load management and 8-point of municipal requirement for a total of 49 branches as a flow data in 2004 from August. This acquired the survey flow is evidence of trends and changes each point in the Nakdong River based on time, such as 10 years based on average design flow available to the foundation of the summit as the major water policy is to be utilized. This study was performed on actual discharge measuring data and introduced performance results each drainage basin of Nakdong River from 2004 to 2008 over the total of past five years.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2015

Some data into combined and sanitary sewer system were collected in order to find out the characteristics of discharge from first flush rainfall inflow. The inflow ratios of combined and sanitary sewer system were 0.46 and 0.27 during rains from various survey data. The average inflow ratio 0.31 was appropriate for general application because many watersheds were not classified clearly as combined or sanitary sewage treatment areas. The percentage of first flush loads in the whole BOD load was about 10%. This result was thought some meaningful, comparing with similarity of first flush pollution load contribution previous surveyed by KECO (2004).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2013

This study has been carried out to clarify the characteristics of discharge and pollutant loading according to flow conditions at jiseok stream watershed (JSW). A flow rate and pollutant load in the study watershed were estimated by equation of stage-discharge and discharge-loads rating curve. By using the methods above, I've evaluated the water quality (WQ) of the JSW if it is satisfied with the standard target. I've collected the data of BOD and T-P from the JSW every 8 days for the duration of 12 months. And then, I've schematized the data upon the load duration curve and the results showed me that the WQ of JSW was satisfied with the standard target. I've also collected the same data every each day for the duration of 12 months from JSW and have schematized the data again. And the results showed that it also was satisfied with the standard target. To be concluded, I've determined that point pollution sources of JSW gives more significant impacts to the WQ than non-point pollution sources of JSW and hence, as time goes, point pollution sources will keep depriciating the WQ of JSW. Therefore, further efforts will be required to JSW to maintain the WQ.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

The objective of this paper was to quantitatively analyze the effect of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) NPS pollution on a small watershed water quality. Monitoring was conducted from March to October, 2013. Monthly flow rate and selected water quality at each monitoring site were measured during dry days. Rainy day monitoring also was conducted. Modeling was conducted to evaluate the effect of CAFO NPS pollution on the water quality at the watershed outlet. The highest and mean concentration of selected water quality indices during rainy days were higher than those in dry days in general. The highest TN concentration measured at the CAFP pollution discharge point was 237.831 mg/L. The results revealed that the CAFO NPS pollution sources could be equally blamed for the water quality degradation of the stream. However, the effect of the NPS pollution from CAFOs seemed not to be very influential to the watershed water quality at the outlet. SWAT modeling revealed that the TN load was reduced by 18.95 %, 23.39 % and 30.53 % at the watershed outlet if the TN load at the CAFO NPS pollution discharge point reduced by 20 %, 40 % and 60 %, respectively. It was thought that the natural attenuation processes played an important role. The modeling was based only on the assumption of the load reduction and not verified by the monitored data. Therefore, it was suggested that a long term monitoring studies for the evaluation of the impact of CAFO NPS pollution on the watershed water quality be conducted.