• 제목/요약/키워드: disaccharide

검색결과 103건 처리시간 0.031초

Enhancement of Paracellular Transport of Heparin Disaccharide Across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

  • Kim, Yeong-Shik;Cho, So-Yean;Kim, Jong-Sik;Li, Hong;Shim, Chang-Koo;Linhardt, Robert-J.
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 2002
  • The enhancement of paracellular transport of heparin disaccharide using several absorption enhancers across Caco-2 cell monolayers was tested . The cytotoxicity of these enhancers was also examined. The enhancing effects by Quillaja saponin, diponin glycyrrhizinate, $18{\beta}-glycyrrhetinic$ acid, sodium caprate and taurine were determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the amount of heparin disaccharide transported across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Among the absorption enhancers, $18{\beta}-glycyrrhetinic$ acid arid taurine decreased TEER and increased the permeability of heparin disaccharide in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner with little or negligible cytotoxicity. Our results indicate that these absorption enhancers can widen the tight junction, which is a dominant paracellular absorption route of hydrophilic compounds . It is highly possible that these absorption enhancers can be applied as pharmaceutical excipients to improve the transport of macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs having difficulty in permeability across the intestinal epithelium.

신규 합성 당지질 함유 리포솜의 In Vitro 안정성 (In Vitro Stability of Liposomes Containing Newly Synthesized Glycolipid)

  • 송충길;정순화;성하수;조선행;신병철
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2007
  • 리포솜은 수십~수백 나노미터 크기의 소포체(small vesicle)로서 약물전달에 유용한 구조체이나 체내 혈류 순환계(blood circulatory system)에서 구조적 불안정성에 의해 체내 순환시간이 짧고 세망내피계(reticuloendothelial system)에 의해 소실되어 이를 개선하기 위한 다양한 연구가 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이당류(disaccharide)로서 락토오스와 슈크로스가 1,2-디스테아로일-sn-글리세로-3-포스포에탄올아민(1,2-Distearoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, DSPE)과 공유결합된 새로운 당-DSPE 유도체를 합성하고 이를 리포솜의 구성성분으로 하는 리포솜을 제조함으로써 리포솜의 표면이 이당으로 수식된 리포솜을 제조하였다. 제조된 리포솜의 입자크기는 대략 100 nm였으며, 표면전하 값은 당이 수식되지 않은 대조군 리포솜이 -10 mV를 나타내었으나 당-DSPE 유도체를 함유한 리포솜의 경우 리포솜 표면에 존재하는 당의 수산화기에 의하여 표면전하의 값은 -25 mV를 나타내었다. 리포솜 내부에 모델약물인 독소루비신(doxorubicin)의 로딩효율은 약 90%를 나타내었다. 당-DSPE 유도체 함유 리포솜의 in vitro 안정성은 혈청 내에서 단백흡착량의 변화 및 리포솜의 입자크기를 관찰하여 평가하였다. 당-인지질 유도체를 함유한 리포솜은 당-인지질 유도체를 함유하지 않은 리포솜 또는 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG) 수식 리포솜에 비해 단백흡착의 양과 혈청 내 입자크기의 변화가 적은 것으로 관찰되었다. 이당이 결합된 DSPE와 이를 함유한 리포솜은 혈액내 안정성이 향상되어 체순환계 내에서 장시간 순환이 가능한 약물전달체로서 유용할 것이라 사료된다.

The Preparation of Crystalline ${\beta}$-1,4-Mannotriose from Poonac Using the Enzyme System and Yeast Fermentation

  • Park, Gwi-Gun
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.818-822
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    • 2005
  • Beta-1,4-mannotriose was prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of poonac and the subsequent elimination with yeast of monosaccharides and disaccharide from the resultant hydrolysate. The enzyme system hydrolyzed poonac and produced monosaccharides, disaccharide and ${\beta}$-1,4-mannotriose without other oligomers at the final reaction stage. Poonac (50 g) was hydrolyzed at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 6 for 48 hr with the crude enzyme solution (500 mL) from Trichoderma harzianum. The elimination of monosaccharides and disaccharide from the hydrolysis products with a yeast (Candida guilliermondii) produced 10.5 g of crystalline [${\beta}$-1,4-mannotriose without the use of chromatographic techniques. After 48 hr of yeast cultivation, the total sugar content fell from 4.8% to 3.4%, and the average degree of polymerization (D.P) rose from 2.5 to 3.2. The preparation method presented was confirmed to be suitable for the preparation of mannotriose from poonac.

Synthesis of 2 -Azidoethyl Trisaccharide,$\alpha-D-Gal-(1\righarrow2)-6d-\alpha-D- Altro-Hepp-(1\rightarrow3)-\beta$-D-GlcNAc, an O-Antigenic Repeating Unit of C.jejuni O:23 and O:36

  • Yun, Mi-Kyung;Yoon, Shin-Sook;Shin, Young-Sook;Chun, Keun-Ho;Namshin, Jeong. E
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2004
  • A trisaccharide, the O-antigenic repeating unit of C. jejuni serotype O:23 and O:36, was synthesized as a 2 -azidoethyl glycoside by block addition of perbenzylated thiogalactoside donors to $\alpha$-altroHepp-(1$\rightarrow$3)-GlcNPhth disaccharide acceptor in presence of IDCP promoter. The $\alpha$-linked altroheptopyranoside moiety in the glycosyl acceptor was effectively prepared by Swern oxidation of $\alpha$-mannohepp-(1$\rightarrow$3)-GlcNPhth disaccharide followed by mild reduction with1 $NaCNBH_3$.

대장균의 UDP-glucose regeneration 시스템을 이용한 이당류 합성에 관한 연구 (Disaccharide Synthesis using E. coli UDP-glucose regeneration system)

  • 오정석
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.474-478
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    • 2008
  • 효율적인 UDP-glucose regeneration system을 구축하기 위해서 재순환 시스템에 관여하는 4가지 효소 (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-Kinase gene, UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, and $\beta$-1, 4-galactasyltrasnsferase)들을 E. coli AD202에서 발현 시켜 Disaccharide 합성 정도를 보았다. Disaccharide는 0.5 mM IPTG 농도에서 가장 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 대조구와 비교한 결과 LacNAc 농도는 1.34 mM로 10배 정도 정가하였고, lactose 농도는 0.39 mM로 대조구보다 2.6배 증가하였다. 총 disaccharide 농도는 1.73 mM 이며, 대조구 보다 6.5배 높은 생산성을 보였다. 본 논문은 결과는 metabolic flux regeneration으로 disaccharides 합성을 증가시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

Enhancement of Heparin and Heparin Disaccharide Absorption by the Phytolacca americana Saponins

  • Cho, So-Yean;Sim, Joon-Soo;Kang, Sam-Sik;Jeong, Choon-Sik;Linhardt, Robert-J;Kim, Yeong-Shik
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제26권12호
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    • pp.1102-1108
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    • 2003
  • We studied the effects of phytolaccosides, saponins from Phytolacca americana, on the intestinal absorption of heparin in vitro and in vivo. The absorption enhancing activity of these compounds (phytolaccosides B, $D_2$, E, F, G and I) was determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the transport amount of heparin disaccharide, the major repeating unit of heparin, across Caco-2 cell monolayers. With the exception of phytolaccoside G, all of them decreased TEER values and increased the permeability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In vitro, phytolaccosides B,$D_2$, and E showed significant absorption enhancing activities, while effects by phytolaccoside F and I were mild. In vivo, phytolaccoside E increased the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time, indicating that phytolaccoside E modulated the transport of heparin in intestinal route. Our results suggest that a series of phytolaccosides from Phytolacca americana can be applied as pharmaceutical excipients to improve the permeability of macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs having difficulty in absorption across the intestinal epithelium.

Capillary GC를 이용한 토종꿀중의 Disaccharides 와 Trisaccharides의 분석 (Analysis and Quantitation of Di- and Trisaccharides in Native-bee Honeys Using Capillary Gas Chromatography)

  • 김은선;이종욱
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.605-611
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    • 1995
  • 호남지방에서 생산된 6점의 토종꿀을 대상으로 disaccharides와 trisaccharides를 분취한 다음 GC와 HPLC를 이용하여 각 oligosaccharides를 분리, 정량하였다. disaccharides는 토종꿀 중에 $5.9{\sim}8.4%$ 범위로 함유되어 있었는데 GC로 분석한 결과 sucrose, nigerose, maltose, laminaribiose, turanose, kojibiose, palatinose 및 isomaltose 등 8개의 당류가 분리되었으며, 그 중 maltose가 평균 2.28%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며 그 다음으로 turanose가 평균 1.57%의 함량을 나타냈다. trisaccharides는 토종꿀 중에 $1.4{\sim}5.4%$ 범위로 함유되어 있었는데 isopanose, erlose, theanderose, maltotriose, panose 등 5개의 당류가 분리되었으며, 그 중 erlose가 평균 2.83%로 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있었다. 토종꿀중에 함유되어 있는 전체 oligosaccharides의 조성을 살펴보면 erlose가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며 maltose, turanose, sucrose, isomaltose의 순서로 많이 함유되어 있었다.

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Reaction mechanism of translated xylanase from Thermatoga maritima MSB 8 and preparation of propyl-glycosides

  • 박준성;;;김도만
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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    • pp.477-480
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    • 2002
  • A thermostable xylanase from Thermotoga maritima (Xyn B) cleaves several pNP-glycosides of monosaccharides. We found that the initial product of the cleavage of pNP-xyloside (pNP-Xy1) was a disaccharide, not xylose, indicating that xylosyl unit of pNP-Xyl was transglycosylated to another pNP-Xyl. We determined that the disaccharide was xylobiose which has the linkage of the ${\beta}$ 1-4, and described the reaction mechanism of the Xyn B. Also, we produced the several pNP-glycosides and propyl-disaccharides from the transglycosylation of Xyn B with varial glycosides and/or 1-propanol. All reaction products were purified by column chromatography (Toyo-pearl HW-40C, 45 cm${\times}$2.5 cm or 45 cm ${\times}$ 2.5 cm${\times}$ 2). The isolated products were analyzed by means of 1D and 2D NMR.

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