• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2014

Throughput scaling laws for two coexisting ad hoc networks with m primary users (PUs) and n secondary users (SUs) randomly distributed in an unit area have been widely studied. Early work showed that the secondary network performs as well as stand-alone networks, namely, the per-node throughput of the secondary networks is ${\Theta}(1/\sqrt{n{\log}n})$. In this paper, we show that by exploiting directional spectrum opportunities in secondary network, the throughput of secondary network can be improved. If the beamwidth of secondary transmitter (TX)'s main lobe is ${\delta}=o(1/{\log}n)$, SUs can achieve a per-node throughput of ${\Theta}(1/\sqrt{n{\log}n})$ for directional transmission and omni reception (DTOR), which is ${\Theta}({\log}n)$ times higher than the throughput with-out directional transmission. On the contrary, if ${\delta}={\omega}(1/{\log}n)$, the throughput gain of SUs is $2{\pi}/{\delta}$ for DTOR compared with the throughput without directional antennas. Similarly, we have derived the throughput for other cases of directional transmission. The connectivity is another critical metric to evaluate the performance of random ad hoc networks. The relation between the number of SUs n and the number of PUs m is assumed to be $n=m^{\beta}$. We show that with the HDP-VDP routing scheme, which is widely employed in the analysis of throughput scaling laws of ad hoc networks, the connectivity of a single SU can be guaranteed when ${\beta}$ > 1, and the connectivity of a single secondary path can be guaranteed when ${\beta}$ > 2. While circumventing routing can improve the connectivity of cognitive radio ad hoc network, we verify that the connectivity of a single SU as well as a single secondary path can be guaranteed when ${\beta}$ > 1. Thus, to achieve the connectivity of secondary networks, the density of SUs should be (asymptotically) bigger than that of PUs.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2001년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.11 No.1
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• pp.136-139
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• 2001

In this paper, we propese a novel wide band printed monopole antenna called the staircase bow-tie monopole antenna (SBMA). We apply an extraordinarr method for an impedance matching to conventional bow-tie monopoles. So we get the SBMA with a very wide band. Our antenna is smaller than a quarter wavelength in size but provides a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of about 77.8%. An antenna gain and a radiation pattern are about 1.7dBi and omni-directional at 1.7 GHz, respeotively.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2012년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.185-186
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 고승압 소프트스위칭 양방향 컨버터의 스위칭 모드절환 시점을 제안하여 전류의 불연속 구간이 발생되지 않는 방법을 소개하여 일반적인 부스트 컨버터와 같이 일반적인 제어 알고리즘을 적용 가능함을 검증하였고 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 통해 타당성을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2000

Two major roles of the traction control system (TCS) are to guarantee the acceleration performance and directional stability even in extreme road conditions, under which average drivers may not control the car properly. Commercial TCSs use experiential methods such as lookup table and gain-scheduling to achieve proper performance under various road and vehicle conditions. This paper proposes a new slip controller which uses the brake and the throttle actuator simultaneously. To avoid measurement problems and to get a simple structure, the brake controller and the throttle controller are designed using Lyapunov redesign method and multiple sliding mode control respectively. Through the hybrid use of brake and throttle controllers, the vehicle is insensitive to the variation of the vehicle mass, brake gain and road condition and can achieve the required acceleration performance. The proposed method is validated with simulations based on 15 DOF passenger car model.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
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• pp.179-182
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• 2007

The Design and Optimization of a low-profile antenna for the Satellite Digital Audio Radio System(SDARS) using a Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA) is presented. a fairly omni-directional elevation gain pattern over 60 degrees < q <60 degrees are obtained. The average value of the LCP gain pattern is approximately 2 dBic. The heights of the antennas are less than 0.251. The cross polarized signal level is approximately 12 dBic less than the co-polarized signal level.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.856-862
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• 2013

A cavity-backed two-arm spiral antenna for partial discharge diagnosis is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a two-arm Archimedean spiral, a tapered microstrip balun as spiral antenna feed, and a ring-shaped absorber-loaded cavity. The Archimedean spiral antenna is designed for the operating frequency band of 0.3 GHz to 1.5 GHz and fed by the tapered microstrip balun. The cavity is utilized to transform the bidirectional beam into a unidirectional beam, thereby enhancing gain. The ring-shaped absorber is stacked in the cavity to reduce the reflected waves from the cavity wall. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio. A prototype of the proposed antenna is likewise fabricated and tested. The measured radiation patterns are directional to the positive z-axis, and the measured peak gain is 8.13 dBi at a frequency of 1.1 GHz.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2000

A $Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ square spiral microstrip antenna (YBCO antenna) was epitaxially grown on a $LaAlO_3$ substrate by laser ablation. Also fabricated was a gold square spiral microstrip antenna (gold antenna) having the same structure as that of the YBCO antenna in order to compare the properties of both antennas. Both the YBCO antenna and the gold antenna were operated in Ku (12-18 GHz) band, and their properties such as the return loss, SWR, power gain, and radiation patterns were investigated at 77 K. The return loss below -10 dB was obtained in two frequency ranges, i.e., 14.05-14.90 GHz, and 16-18 GHz for the YBCO antenna at 77 K (YBCO superconducting antenna), and in the frequency range of 15.05-17.60 GHz for the gold antenna at 77 K. The SWR bandwidths are 0.85 GHz and 2 GHz for the YBCO superconducting antenna, and 2.55 GHz for the gold antenna at 77 K. The gain improvement of the superconducting YBCO antenna over the gold antenna at 77 K was about 10 dB in the frequency range of 16 GHz to 18 GHz. The radiation patterns show the YBCO superconducting antenna has the omni-directional property of a spiral antenna.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.857-871
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 스파이럴 암폭이 넓은 경우와 좁은 경우, 곡률이 큰 경우와 작은 경우에 대한 스파이럴 안테나를 모먼트법을 이용하여 해석하였다. 그 방법은 안테나를 N개 선소로 분할하고 갤러킨 방법을 이용하여 각 선소의 전류분포를 구하고, 방사패턴을 계산한 다음 이들을 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 안테나의 이득이 주파수에 따란 +_ 5dB 이내로 변화가 있는 것은 밸런과 안테나간의 접속에서 나타나는 반사손실에 의한 것이다. 시뮬레이션 및 실험결과를 통하여, 본 스파이럴 안테나의 광대역 무지향 특성을 확인하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 기생 패치를 이용하여 위성 DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) 와 ITS (Intelligent Transport System) 서비스를 동시에 수신할 수 있는 이중 대역 안테나의 구조를 제안하고, 실제 제작을 통하여 성능을 확인하였다. 제작한 이중 모드 안테나는 위성 DMB 수신안테나와 ITS 수신안테나가 각각 약 380 MHz 와 600 MHz 의 -10 dB 대역폭을 갖고, 최소 반사 손실은 약 -27 dB 와 -17 dB 로 측정되었으며, 이는 시뮬레이션 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 위성 DMB 수신안테나의 경우, 중심 주파수 2.6 GHz 에서 수평면에서는 무지향성을 갖고 수직면에서는 ${\theta}$ 가 $45^{\circ}$일 때 최대 이득 약 4.2 dBi 를 갖는 원추형 방사 패턴을 가졌다. ITS 수신안테나의 경우에는 중심 주파수 5.8 GHz 에서 ${\theta}$가 $0^{\circ}$일 때 최대 이득 약 6.4 dBi를 갖는 지향성 방사 패턴을 가졌다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

Assuming omnidirectional antenna reception, the ITU-R recently developed a new propagation model on building entry loss (BEL) for 5G millimeter-wave frequency sharing and compatibility studies, which is a simplified outdoor-to-indoor path loss model. Considering the utilization of high-gain narrow-beamwidth beamforming, the omnidirectional-based ITU-R BEL model may not be appropriate to predict propagation characteristics for directional beamforming scenarios. This paper studies the effects of beamwidth on the ITU-R BEL model. This study is based on field measurements collected with four different beamwidth antennas: omnidirectional, 10° horn, 30° horn, and 60° horn. The measurement campaigns were conducted at two types of building sites: traditional and thermally efficient buildings. These sites, as well as the measurement scenarios, were carefully chosen to comply with the ITU-R BEL measurement guidelines and the ITU-R building types. We observed the importance of accurate beam alignment from the BEL variation range. We were able to quantify the beamwidth dependency by fitting to a model that is inversely proportional to the beamwidth.