• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1547-1552
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• 2008

The tip of these catheter with straight needles is not able to reach in the vicinity of the disc bulging, which are the cause of the low back pain and because the far indirect radio-frequency treatment results in the decompression, the nucleoplasty has the limit. Many incurable diseases has not been solved due to the unexistence of the advanced technique for the MIS human body catheter device. To increase the possibility of nucleoplasty, the needle tip should be located at the closest area of the lesion. For this reason, the best way to increase the success rate of the operation is that the needle tip should access 3-dimensionally to the operating field as soon as possible. To achieve this aim, our studies are restricted as follows: 1) the SMA catheter design to control the 3-dimensional direction, 2) the security of the immediate response by the positive control of the SMA element thermal distribution using Peltier thermoelectric elements, 3) the aquisition of the control data by monitoring the relationship between the temperature of SMA element and the displacement, and 4) the design of the controller to guarantee the accurate location.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.720-725
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• 2002

In recent years, techniques for micro-assembly with high repeatability under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are required to construct highly functional micro-devices. Adhesion phenomenon is more significant for smaller objects, becanse adhesional force is proportional to size of the objects while gravitational force is proportional to the third power of it. It is also known that adhesional force between micro-objects exposed to Electron Beam irradiation of SEM increases with the elapsed time. Therefore, mechanical manipulation techniques using a needle-shaped tool by adhesional force are often adopted in basic researches where micro-objects are studied. These techniques, however, have not yet achieved the desired repeatability because many of these could not have been supported theoretically. Some techniques even need the process of trial-and-error. Thus, in this paper, mechanical and adhesional micro-manipulation are analyzed theoretically by introducing new physical factors, such as adhesional force and rolling-resistance, into the kinematic system consisting of a sphere, a needle-shaped tool, and a substrate. Through this analysis, they are revealed that how the micro-sphere behavior depends on the given conditions, and that it is possible to cause the fracture of the desired contact interfaces selectively by controlling the force direction in which the tool-tip loads to the sphere. Based on the acquired knowledge, a mode diagram, which indicates the micro-sphere behavior for the given conditions, is designed. By refening to this mode diagram, the practical technique of the pick and place manipulation of a micro-sphere under an SEM by the selective interface fracture is proposed.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

In recent years, techniques for micro-assembly with high repeatability under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are required to construct highly functional micro-devices. Adhesion phenomenon is more significant for smaller objects, because adhesional force is proportional to size of the objects while gravitational force is proportional to the third power of it. It is also known that adhesional force between micro-objects exposed to Electron Beam irradiation of SEM increases with the elapsed time. Therefore, mechanical manipulation techniques using a needle-shaped tool by adhesional force are often adopted in basic researches where micro-objects are studied. These techniques, however, have not yet achieved the desired repeatability because many of these could not have been supported theoretically. Some techniques even need the process of trial-and-error. Thus, in this paper, mechanical and adhesional micro-manipulation are analyzed theoretically by introducing new physical factors, such as adhesional force and rolling-resistance, into the kinematic system consisting of a sphere, a needle-shaped tool, and a substrate. Through this analysis, they are revealed that how the micro-sphere behavior depends on the given conditions, and that it is possible to cause the fracture of the desired contact Interfaces selectively by controlling the force direction in which the tool-tip loads to the sphere. Based on the acquired knowledge, a mode diagram, which indicates the micro-sphere behavior for the given conditions, is designed. By referring to this mode diagram, the practical technique of the pick and place manipulation of a micro-sphere under an SEM by the selective interface fracture is proposed.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1518-1528
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• 1995

The deformation and departure processes of a bubble attached to the wall are studied experimentally and numerically to understand the phenomena of the nucleate boiling heat transfer enhancement under DC electric field. An air-bubble is injected in a dielectric liquid with different electric fields generated by changing three types of electrode system (Type 1,2 and 3) in the bubble generator. Experimental variables are the electric field strength and the distance and the shape of the electrodes under DC electric field. From experimental results, it is observed that the bubble under Dc electric field is elongated in the same direction as the electric field and the contact angle increases. For the parallel plate electrode which generates a uniform electric field, bubble departure volume doesn't seem to decrease within our experimental range. However, when a needle is raised a few millimeters from the lower electrode to make a nonuniform electric field around the needle, bubble departure volume decreases continuously with the increase of an applied voltage. The reduction effect of bubble departure volume is the most effective under a strong nonuniform electric field generated with Type 3. As the nonuniformity of the electric field due to the shape of a electrode increases, the terminal velocity and the acceleration of a bubble increase largely. For the comparison with visualization results, the deformation of a bubble attached to the electrode is carried out by a numerical method. Numerical results show good agreement qualitatively with experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.229-246
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• 2008

Objectives : Acupoints of LR1(Dadun)${\cdot}$HT9(Shaochong), KI10(Yingu)${\cdot}$HT3(Shaohai) are used as controlling the diseases from heart problems. Especially, when they are used, tonification or sedation techniques method is taken as a controlling the medication for an early stroke in the Korean medicine. So the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Acupuncture techniques of tonification or sedation at LR1${\cdot}$HT9, KI10${\cdot}$HT3 on the focal ischemia induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Materials and Methods : The focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. The animals were divided into five groups (n=7 in each group) : Control group, no therapy group after ischemia induced; AT-1; acupuncture therapy group at LR1${\cdot}$HT9, KI10${\cdot}$HT3 after ischemia-induced. AT-2; acupuncture therapy at right LR1, HT9(forward direction), KI10${\cdot}$HT3(opposite direction) inserting to the direction of route of the each meridian. AT3; acupuncture therapy at right LR1, HT9(twirling forward with the thumb of right hand 9 times), KI10${\cdot}$HT3(twirling forward with the forefinger of right hand 6 times) AT-4; acupuncture therapy at right LR1, HT9(forward direction, twirling forward with the thumb of right hand 9 times), KI10${\cdot}$HT3(opposite direction, twirling forward with the forefinger of right hand 6 times) inserting to the direction of route of the each meridian. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Acupuncture techniques of tonification or sedation at LR1, HT9, KI10${\cdot}$HT3 were observed by Bax, Bcl-2, mGluR5, Cytochrome c, Cresyl violet and ChAT-stain. Results : The intensity of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were increased in ACU-2 and ACU-4 group but decreased in ACU-3 group. The intensity of mGluR5 was increased in ACU-1, ACU-2, ACU-3 and ACU-4 group. The intensity of cytochrome c was decreased in ACU-3 and ACU-4 group. The density of neurons stained by Cresyl violet and ChAT were increased in ACU-1, ACU-3 and ACU-4 group. Conclusions : Our study suggests that acupuncture therapy of tonification at LR1, HT9 by twirling forward with the thumb of right hand 9times, sedation at KI10${\cdot}$HT3 by twirling forward with the forefinger of right hand 6 times after perpendicularly inserting needle shows anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on cholinergic neuron in focal cerebral ischemia of the stroke in rats.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2010

Fashion needs to be understood as practicality and creative behavior and various movements of paintings act as inspirations of original design for fashion designers. This study seeks to find sources of fashion designs in the works of Mark Rothko who is in the center of color-field abstract. Color-field of Rothko provides infinite inspirations as colors are identically treated as shapes and lighting and textures are all included on top of it. In this study, the purpose is to create color focused artistic fashion design by exploring the possibility of expression with the colors of Rothko as the main motive. The study method is as follows. First, the concept and significance of color-field abstract are researched through documented data. Works of Rothko is divided into three periods according to their characteristics. The background of the formation of color-field abstract of Rothko is understood by analyzing the trends of the works in each period. Second, twenty representative works from 1949 to 1969 are selected and analyzed in formative components of color, shape and textures in order to more accurately understand shape of colors, brilliance, simplicity that appear in the mature color-field abstract of Rothko. Third, preexisting methods of color-field of paintings developed into motives of clothing are studied focusing on the collections from 1997 to 2006. Examples of applications of color-field images in modern fashion designs are analyzed. Fourth, motives are selected based on general characteristics of color-field abstract of Rothko and the results of the formative analysis. Clothing is produced that expresses the colors of the paintings of Rothko more effectively. As the results of the study, restrained shapes and textures and various forms of color combinations shown in color-field abstract of Rothko provided deep inspirations on material composition and color planning for fashion design focused on colors. Additionally, needle-punching technique using wool for the production technique enabled relief texture expressions of materials by colors and effective applications of soft and warm atmosphere of color-field abstract of Rothko on clothing. Especially, the ideology of color-field abstract of Rothko of shaping of colors could be expressed and the direction of the development of motives could be presented at the same time by specifically applying color combination method using horizontal division of atypical color-field from the formative characteristics of color-field abstract of Rothko.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.839-843
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• 2011

ZnO nanostructures were developed on a Si (100) substrate from powder mixture of ZnO and 5 mol% Pd (ZP-5) as reactants by ${\times}$ sccm oxygen pressures(x= 0, 10, 20, 40). DTA (differential thermal analysis) result shows the Pd(5 mol%)+ZnO mixtured powder(PZ-5) is easily evaporated than pure ZnO powder. The PZ-5 mixtured powder was characterized by DTA to determine the thermal decomposition which was found to be at $800^{\circ}C$, $1,100^{\circ}C$. Weight loss(%) and ICP (inductively coupled plasma) analysis reveal that Zn vaporization is decreased by increased oxygen pressures from the PZ-5 at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 30 mins. Needle-like ZnO nanostructures array developed from 10 sccm oxygen pressure, was well aligned vertically on the Si substrate at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 30 mins. The lengths of the Needle-like ZnO nanostructures is about 2 ${\mu}m$ with diameters of about 65 nm. The developed ZnO nanostructures exhibited growth direction along [001] with defect-free high crystallinity. It is considered that Zn vaporization is responsible for the growth of Needle-like ZnO nanostructures by controlling the oxygen pressures. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnO nanostructures exhibited stronger 376.7 nm NBE (near band-edge emission) peak and 529.3 nm DLE (deep level energy) peak.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2004

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Naegwan-acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy(ECG). Methods : For this purpose, 11 healthy volunteers were acupunctured at Naegwan acupoint using the reinforcing or reducing by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs or in the opposite direction(迎隨補瀉). Then, we measured and observed the change of standard leads Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ in ECG. Results : In lead Ⅰ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In lead Ⅱ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval. In lead Ⅲ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of R wave duration, S wave amplitude, ST segment onset, ST segment midpoint, ST segment 80ms and ST segment endpoint. Conclusions : These results suggested that Naegwan acupuncture stimulation plays an important role to the activities of ECG.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2013

Background Buried non-incisional double-eyelid blepharoplasty is a popular aesthetic procedure. Although various modified continuous suture techniques have been used to create a more natural appearance and to reduce downtime, complications such as loosening of the double fold, asymmetry, and foreign body reactions have been observed. Methods This study included 250 patients who underwent double-eyelid blepharoplasty between March 1997 and November 2012 using a modified single-knot continuous buried non-incisional technique. With 4 stab incisions in the upper eyelids, one of two needles loaded with double-armed 7-0 nylon was passed in one direction alternately through the dermis and the conjunctiva, while the other needle was passed subconjunctivally in the opposite direction. Both ends of the sutures were knotted within a lateral stab incision of the upper eyelids and were buried in the orbicularis oculi muscle. Results Most patients displayed satisfactory aesthetic results, and no significant complications occurred. There was no obvious regression of the double fold; however, 3 patients required reoperation to correct loosening of the fold on one side during the follow-up period. One patient presented with the suture knot subcutaneously, and the knot was removed in the clinic. Conclusions The modified single-knot continuous buried non-incisional technique is a simple and less time-consuming method for a durable double fold and provides satisfactory aesthetic results.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1998

Knit products which had been limited only to underwear, recently became popularized, fashionized and highly classified covering even outer garments such as sportswear like golfwear, woman's dress, and man' s suit. As fashion cycle is getting shorter and the more a nation advanced prefers knit to woven fabrics knit industry has a very bright prospect, particularly woman's knit which is sensitive to fashion can be said as a fashion product with high value added. This study is to grasp the physical properties of stitch which are fundamental to the development of knit products. For this purpose, 2/20s of 100% wool were woven by the author of this study to basic plain stitch, rib stitch, varied transfer stitch, and float stitch on a SEMASEIKI cross knitter 7G to test the physical properties, and the result was as follows; 1. As for the relation between knit stitch and rate of extension recovery, rate of extension recovery was higher in the course direction than in the wale direction of three stitches except transfer stitch; rib stitch showed the highest rate of extension recovery in the course direction while float stitch showed the highest rate of extension recovery in the wale direction. 2. As for the relation between knit stitch and bursting strength elastic rib stitch showed higher bursting strength to indicate elasticity is an important factor of bursting strength and float stitch showed higher bursting strength too to indicate that the floating yarn on the surface plays a role of support. 3. As for the relation between knit stitch and air permeability perforated transfer stitch showed the lowest air permeability to prove that the size of perforation affects on the air permeability a great deal. 4. As for the relation between knit stitch and warmth retaining rib stitch through two lined needle bar showed the highest degree. The reason the warmth of perforated transfer stitch didn't decrease much was because the perforation wasn't big enough and content of air increased from the unevenness of the perforated parts through stitch variation. Based upon this result, each stitch can be characteristically summarized as follows; plain stitch showed a stable condition of knit cloth in four kinds of physical property test. And rib stitch is proper to tighten the edge of sleeve or clothe making use of its excellent extension recovery and to make socks for the highest bursting strength and warmth retaining. In the case of transfer stitch, seasonable designs can be taken by controlling the size of loop. Considering the pleasantness, underwear should be made of stitches with good air permeability float stitch was revealed to have color and pattern effects and a great bursting strength. This study has limitations in the aspect that it dealed with a small part of various knit stitches and the items of physical property test were not enough. The author of this study hopes that further studies would make deeper understandings about knit stitch based on more varied stitches and physical property tests ultimately to contribute to the development of fashionable designs proper to maximize the usage, function and originality.