• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2016

A man with only yellowing of the skin and eye sclera was diagnosed with clonorchiasis, which rarely manifested jaundice as the initial symptom. However, because of a lack of evidence for a diagnostic gold standard, the time until definitive diagnosis was more than a week. The diagnostic process relied on inquiring about the patient's history, including the place of residence, dietary habits, and symptoms, as well as on serological findings, an imaging examination, and pathological findings. MRCP and CT results showed mild dilatation of intrahepatic ducts and increased periductal echogenicity. The eggs were ultimately found in stool by water sedimentation method after the negative report through direct smear. DNA sequencing of PCR production of the eggs demonstrated 98-100% homology with ITS2 of Clonorchis sinensis. After anti-parasite medical treatment, the patient's symptoms were gradually relieved. Throughout the diagnostic procedure, besides routine examinations, the sedimentation method or concentration method could be used as a sensitive way for both light and heavy C. sinensis infection in the definite diagnosis.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2007

Anemia is a common problem in sick dogs, and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is one of the most common causes of anemia in dogs. Since death can occur rapidly in dogs with IMHA even with appropriate treatment, it is important to differentiate IMHA from other causes of anemia in its first stages. To diagnose underlying diseases in anemic dogs and differentiate IMHA cases from others, 29 patient dogs suffering from severe anemia that had been referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at a National University from June 2004 to April 2005 were examined. The most common cause of anemia in the patient dogs was found to be liver disease accounting for 31.0% (9/29) of all, and the second most common was IMHA with 13.7% (4/29). Four dogs confirmed as IMHA cases all reacted positive to direct anti-globulin test and showed spherocytes and polychromatic erythrocytes in the blood smear. Most of the IMHA cases (3/4) were female aged 2 to 7 years and were in a severe state of anemia with less than 20% of PCV.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2006

Symptoms of fowl cholera including orofacial edema, swollen and edematous wattles and combs, and severe respiratory disorders were detected in domestic poultry in two broiler breeder farms: one located in Gyeong-gi Province (October, 2000) and the other in Chung-cheong-nam Province (March, 2001). Gram-negative, bipolar staining bacillus was easily found in a direct smear. The biochemical properties of isolates were examined using a standard diagnosis method, proving that they were 99.7% similar to the Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida: PM), a pathogenic and causative agent of fowl cholera (FC). As a result, an FC outbreak in domestic fowls was confirmed for the first time in Korea since 1942. Because FC was detected in broiler breeder farms for the first time in 59 years at the same time as an FC outbreak was confirmed in wild birds (October, 2000), our concern was focused on whether the PM strains that originated in wild birds were transmitted into poultry forms. The possibility was tracked down by comparing phenotypic and genetic properties between the two types of PM strains. PM strains of chicken origin showed prominent differences from the PM strains of wild bird origin in both phenotypic and genetic properties. An examination of the origin of the wild bird bacteria was conducted, but no evidence has been identified that PM strains from the wild bird were introduced into domestic poultry farms.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1974

A survey was carried out in order to figure out of phenomenon of increasing and decreasing rate of WBC during a day in normal and healthy person from Oct. 1, 1972 to Nov. 31, 1972. For this survey, it was classified by two groups 50 male students and 35 female students who are from 18 to 25 years old. The blood sampling was collected by thin smear method 8 times from 7:30 A.M. to 10:30 P.M. by 2 hours intervals and calculated by direct manual method. As the results of this survey, the following conclusions were obtained 1) Number of WBC was the lowest degree during the forenoon, and it was the highest degree around the midnight. It was increase from around the noon up to the midnight and decrease from the midnight up to around the noon. 2) Increasing and decreasing curve of WBC of male and female was keeping same pace with both sex in a day. 3) Increase and decrease of lymphocyte and eosinophil was keeping almost same pace with WBC. 4) Increasing rate of number of monocyte was more speedily increasing during the afternoon than the night.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.11
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• 2022

This study aimed to describe the outcomes of the GentleWave system (GW) (Sonendo) on root canal treatment. Published articles were collected from scientific databases (MEDLINE/PubMed platform, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Embase). A total of 24 studies were collected from August/2014 to July/2021, 20 in vitro and 4 clinical. GW System was not associated with extrusion of the irrigant, promoted faster organic dissolution than conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI) and EndoVac, reduced more bacterial DNA and biofilm than PUI and CUI, promoted higher penetration of sodium hypochlorite into dentinal tubules than PUI and CUI in vitro, and removed more intracanal medication than CSI and PUI. GW was able to remove pulp tissue and calcifications. Moreover, its ability to remove hard-tissue debris and smear layer was better than that of CSI, and its ability to remove root canal obturation residues was lower or similar to that of PUI, and similar to that of CSI and EndoVac. Regarding root canal obturation of minimally instrumented molar canals, GW was associated with high-quality obturation. Clinically, the success rate of endodontic treatment using GW was 97.3%, and the short-term postoperative pain in the GW group was not different from CSI. Further research, mainly clinical, is needed to establish whether GW has any advantages over other available irrigation methods.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1990

한국 가톨릭의사협회는 남미 에꽈돌국 과야스주의 해안 지방인 빨말 본당에서 운영하는 "빠띠마 성녀 기념 본당 진료소"의 의료사업을 지원하고 있다. 그 사업의 하나로 이 지역 메스띠조인의 보건 실태를 관찰하고 앞으로의 중점 보건 사업을 파악하기 의하여 1989년 8월 6일부터 8월 19일까지 주민 진료와 합께 대변검사를 실시하고 기생충 감염 실태를 조사하였다. 이 지역은 동부 태평양에 연한 해안 어촌 마을인 빨말(본당), 아양게, 함벨리(공소)와 해안에서 떨어져 있고 목축을 주업으로 하는 바빌 데세초, 리오세꼬, 밤빌꼬자오, 마난띠 알 데 꼴론체 및 세비자 등 공소마을로 구성되어 있고 주민은 모두 약 20,000명으로 추산된다. 대변검사는 직접 도말법(요드염색 후) 1매와 셀로판후층도말법 1매를 각각 검경하여 장내 원충 포낭 및 윤충 충란 배출을 검사하였다. 검사 대상자는 진료소를 찾은 주민이며 빨말 본당 지역의 주민 160명을 포함한 해안 마을 주민 226명과 내륙 공소 마을 주민 99명 등 모두 325명이었다. 대변검사 결과 충란 및 포낭 양성률이 66.1%이었고 윤충 충란 양성률은 38.2%, 원충 포낭 양성률은 56.1%이었다. 기생충별 양성률은 회충 18.1%, 편충 19.4%, 구충 0.6%, 왜소조충 3.7%, 유구 및 무구조충 1.8%, 이질아메바 19.4%, 대장아메바 28.6%, 소형아매바 5.5%, 요드아메바 1.5%, 람블편모충 11.1%, 킬로마스틱 스메니리 0.6%이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 이 지역에서 가장 중요한 기생충 감염은 이질 아메바와 람블편모충이며 따라서 위생적인 식수를 마련하는 것이 가장 중요한 보건사업이라고 판단되었다. 목축을 주로 하는 내륙 마을중에는 조충증과 유구낭미충증이 유행하는 지역이 있었다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2007

Urine cytology is an important screening tool for urinary tract neoplasms. Liquid-based preparation methods, such as $ThinPrep^{(R)}$, have been introduced for non-gynecological samples. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of liquid-based preparations in urine cytology by comparing the results of the conventional Cytospin preparation method for the same samples. A total of 236 cases subject to urine cytology were enrolled in this study from January 2005 to December 2005. All cases were subjected to cystoscopy and if a malignancy was suspected, a biopsy was performed. Urine cytology slides were made using the $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ preparation method and the conventional Cytospin and/or direct smear method from the individual samples. The results of urine cytology were compared with the final cystoscopic or histological diagnoses. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of both cytology preparation methods. A total of 236 slides made using the liquid based method were satisfactory for slide quality, whereas 5 slides (2.1%) prepared by conventional methods were unsatisfactory because of air-drying, a thick smear, or a bloody or inflammatory background. The $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ method showed 53.1% sensitivity, 92.6% specificity, a 92,6% positive predictive value, a 94.1% negative predictive value and 85,6% accuracy, while the conventional method showed 51% sensitivity, 98.4% specificity, a 92.6% positive predictive value, a 98.4% negative predictive value and 88,6% accuracy. Although the diagnostic values were equivalent between the use of the two methods, the quality of the cytology slides and the time consumed during the microscopic examination for a diagnosis were superior for the $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ method than for the conventional method. In conclusion, our limited studies have shown that the use of the liquid based preparation method is beneficial to improve the quality of slides and reduce the duration for a microscopic examination, but did not show better sensitivity, accuracy and predictive values.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2018

Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in many parts of Thailand, particularly in rural areas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among the people living in Huai Sai sub-district, Bang Khla district, Chachoengsao Province, central Thailand. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from June 2017 to August 2017 which included a total of 224 participants. Stool samples were examined using a simple direct smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique. Association between risk factors and intestinal parasitic infections was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 16.1%. Soil-transmitted helminth infections (14.3%) were more common than protozoan infections (1.8%). The most common intestinal parasites were hookworms (6.7%) followed by Strongyloides stercoralis, (5.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (1.3%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.0%), Giardia intestinalis (0.4%), and Blastocystis hominis (0.4%) were the protozoans identified. A high prevalence of infections was found in male participants of ${\geq}40years$ who raised dogs in the households and did not wear boots while working fields. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with gender with the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.4 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.1-5.2 (P=0.020). The results showed a high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among adults in rural communities which were particularly apparent regarding the skin-penetrating species of nematodes. A greater focus on intervention is required by improving sanitation and personal hygiene to prevent the spread of intestinal parasitic infections.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the infection rate of gastro-intestinal tract parasites on acquired laboratory nonhuman primates, Vervet monkey, Cynomolgus monkey, and Rhesus monkey acquired from Japan and China. These monkeys have been acclimating at an individual housing condition after our legal quarantine period. We examined 133 fecal samples to investigate parasitic infection using direct smear and formalin-ether-sedimentation technique. As a result, total parasitic infection rate was 33.8% (n = 45/133) for all monkeys. Two species of macaques, cynomolgus and rhesus, were infected with Trichuris trichiura (4), Giardia lamblia (4) and Balantidium coli (41). Vervet monkeys, which had been controlled by individual housing system for a long time, were clear for parasitic infection. The protozoan, Balantidium coli was one of the most frequently detected in these monkey colonies. Double infection was noted in only 4 monkeys and involved with Trichuris trichiura and Balantidium coli. Serious clinical symptoms were not observed in the most of the infected monkeys, but the monkeys infected by Giardia lamblia showed intermittent or chronic watery diarrhea. Consequently, the prophylactic anthelmintic treatment and periodic monitoring are essential to preserve the SPF colonies in the laboratory facility.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.359-365
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• 1998

This study was conducted to isolate the protozoan parasite Babesia gibsoni by intraerythrocytic culture method of micoraerophilous stationary phase(MASP) and evaluate the possibility of application for the detection of B gibsoni in canine babesiosis. Also, indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) and thick blood smear(giemsa stain), direct light microscopy (DLM), as control diagnostic tests, were conducted to compare diagnostic effects between MASP, IFAT and DLM. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows. The protozoan parasite B gibsoni multiplied in 24-well polystyrene plate containing 1.2ml of canine red blood cell suspension in RPMI 1640 medium(pH 7.0) which is contained 20~40% normal canine serum(NCS) under the MASP condition of 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator. Under the above MASP culturing system the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes(PPE) after incubation for 9 days reached the peak. The levels of PPE in MASP culture were shown more higher by exchanging the medium at 24 hour intervals. The parasite were purely isolated from MASP culture of canine red blood cells collected from dogs(pit bullterrier) infected with B gibsoni naturally. Among the total of 83 heads of pit bullterrier blood samples the positive rate was 32 heads(38.5%) in DLM, 45 heads(54.2%) in IFAT and 42 heads(50.6) in MASP culture. In negative cases of IFAT and DLM the isolation rates of B gibsoni by MASP culture were 16 heads(42.1%) of 38 heads and 16 heads(28.6%)% of 56 heads, respectively. From this study it was suggested that MASP culture method by RPMI 1640 medium was a reliable and useful diagnostic test for the diagnosis of B gibsoni infections in canine babesiosis.