• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to explore the differences of consumer characteristics and expenditures on local food between large scale stores and direct sale stores selling local food and to find some influencing factors on the expenditure on local food from both consumer groups. First, the levels of perceived attributes of local food were high for both consumer groups but were much higher for consumers from direct sale stores of local food. For food consumption patterns, consumers from direct sale stores presented higher levels than large scale stores and were found to be significantly different. Food choice motives were found to be significantly different in both groups. In addition, for the consumer characteristics, age and living with children under age 18 were found to be significantly different between both groups, while sex, education and household income were not. Second, expenditure of local food from direct sale stores was found to be significantly higher than large sale stores. Finally, expenditure of local food from large scale stores was found to be significantly influenced by age, price and seeking well-being, while expenditure of local food from direct sale stores was found to be significantly influenced by age, availability of local food, seeking cuisine, seeking satiety and sensory appeal.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제71권
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• pp.245-265
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• 2016

A number of Chinese students who are studying in Korea have been gradually increasing since Korea and China established diplomatic relations. Many of them sale Korean products to China while studying for their degree programs in colleges. This kind of transactions can be named C2C overseas direct sales. C2C overseas direct sales which are being performed by Chinese student are good for exportation of Korean products. However Some of these transactions are not legal according to present law, First, Chinese student don't have legal status to make the transactions. Second, Chinese students usually make false declarations for evading the taxes, including tariff and VAT, Third, Chinese students can not offer the after-sale service for the goods for the Chinese consumers. Although C2C transactions have some legal matters, they should not be banned by a one-size-fits-all method. In this study, we highly recommend for the development of C2C transactions, First, Korean government should give Chinese students legal status. Second, China customs must strictly prohibit illegal activities of smuggling by taking advantage of postal route. Third, sellers in China can offer the after-sale service to consumers through some specialist A/S firms.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2002

This paper aims to provide quite recent information on the organic industry in the U.S. Major focuses are on the development of cultivation and marketing of fresh and processed organic produce and foods, newly enforced certification program, consumers' purchasing behaviors toward organic foods, and social survey results administered to the organic farmers in the U.S. The U.S. recorded 8 billion dollars' sale of organic foods in 2000, which was the largest in the world and showed 23% growth compared to the previous year. Yet the organic industry is still a niche market, occupying merely 1.5% of total food sale amount. The natural foods markets have not been so concentrated in the U.S., but it is changing and a few wholesale mart such as Whole Foods is emerging. Recent introduction of new certification program provide unified and sole standard at the federal level to which every certifier needs to adjust itself in order to be acceredited by the government. According to a social survey, consumers purchase organic foods because they concern about health, they stick to their own modes of life favoring natural foods, and so on. Another social survey shows that most organic farmers sell their produces to wholesalers, distributers, or producer coop, and direct sale to visitors at their own farm comprises of about 8 percent of their organic land.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.99-118
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• 1999

산지직송이 많이 이루어지는 비가공 식품인 소백산 영지버섯과 보은 대추의 우체국과 농협을 통한 통신판매지역에 대한 공간구조를 고찰한 결과 다음과 같은 점이 밝혀졌다. 소백산 영지버섯의 지역적 판매는 판매지역의 인구규모에 의해, 보은 대추는 인구규모와 산지와의 시외전화 기본요금에 의해 설명되어 생산량의 지역적 변동이 작고 한약재의 중간재 성격이 강한 영지버섯은 시외전화 기본요금인 거리의 영향을 받지 않는다. 이에 대하여 생산량의 지역적 변동이 크고 최종 소비재의 성격이 강한 보은 대추의 경우는 거리의 제약을 받고 있다는 점이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2013

소비자들의 특성 등 안경원 경영에 필요한 다양한 정보들을 구체적인 데이터 분석에 의존하기 보다는 다년간의 운영 경험에 따른 경영자의 경험에 의존하는 경향이 크다고 할 수 있다. 안경원의 제품 판매에 있어서 다양한 정보들을 수집하고 분석하는 것은 안경원의 지속적인 발전에 매우 중요한 요소라고 판단된다. 본 연구는 내구시내 중심가에 위치한 1개 안경원에 대하여 지난 2013. 1월부터 2013. 10월까지 10 개월 간 조사 대상 안경원에서 발생한 판매 정보를 이용하여 안경 및 렌즈 등의 판매 현황, 월별, 요일별, 가격대별 판매 정보를 수집하고 경향 등을 분석하고 비교해 보았다. 본 연구 데이터는 안경원의 제품 판매 수량 또는 금액을 직접적으로 표현하는 것이 곤란하여 조사 기간 중 판매된 제품 수 또는 매출액에 대한 비율로 환산하여 표기하였다. 국산보다는 수입 안경테 및 선글라스의 판매 비중이 압도적으로 높았으며, 렌즈의 경우에는 국산 렌즈보다는 수입 렌즈의 판매 비중이 다소 높았다. 가장 많이 판매된 가격대는 30 만원 이상 50 만원 미만이었다. 그리고 평일 보다는 주말 또는 공휴일에 판매가 급증하였으며, 여름을 정점으로 서서히 증가하다가 여름 이후에는 감소함을 확인 할 수 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-27
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• 1995

From now on, the direction of fishery products circulation measure should be improved the system to give just the right of free choice of sale route like retail, direct sale, direct dealings and direct shipping only for fishermen to produce them diversifing the function and the role of current fish market in the production to prepare the fishery internationalization, to improve the competitiveness of coastal and off-shore fishery. Practically wholesale market in land and fish market in the production have the different function and role, the organization of wholesale market in land can't substitute the essential function and role which fish market in the production should perform. So far, fisheries cooperatives as a managing subject of fish market in the production have depended on the consignment sales and purchases of fishery products but, from now on, it should be explore the widespread supply way of fishery products by producing value - added fishery products that should bring higher demand from the consumers, producer - consumer direct marketing system through not only consignment sales but also direct sales that common processing and manufacturing system of fishery products under the management of FC has been established. The direction of the idealest structural improvement of fishery production circulation organization is to establish the the position of the fishery retail price leader based on the standard of market in the fisheries production due to existing characteristics of fisheries, accordingly, to harmony the market organization of direct transportation, direct sales and direct dealings form by producer and group of producers with market organization in the fisheries production, and to make the condition to do the appropriate distributive function.

• 농촌계획
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to document a phenomenon of rural tourism in Korea by Investigating characteristics of 50 villages that had participated in a competition of 'stimulation of rural village' The results are as follows: 1) The degrees of activation of rural tourism varied according to marketing efforts made by individual provincial(local) government. The results of contest indicated that provinces such as Gangwon-do, Chungnam-do, and Gyunggi-do showed highest performance among other competing local governments; 2) The results revealed that the total profit generated from direct sale of farm products outnumbered profits gained from sales of lodging and foods. This indicated that there is a room for improvement with respect to boosting more sales on lodging and food; 3) The regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between profits earned from sales of experiential tourism product and those from direct sale of farm products(multi-correlation coefficient: 0.38); 4) It was identified that Gyunggi and Ganwon provinces were ranked first in sales of foods and those of lodging, respectively; 5) Finally, it was showed that among the 50 participating villages, only 16 ones hold festivals by means of attracting tourists from outside.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.857-860
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• 2009

This report examines the economic feasibility of a commercial 50,000 barrel per day direct/indirect coal liquefaction (DCL/ICL) facility to produce commercial-grade diesel and naphtha liquids from medium-sulfur bituminous coal. The scope of the study includes capital and operating cost estimates, sensitivity analysis and a comparative financial analysis. Based on plant capacity of 50,000BPD, employing Illinois #6 bituminous coal as feed coal the total capital cost appeared $3,994,858,000(DCL) and $4,942,976,000(ICL). Also, the internal rate of return of DCL/ICL appeared 13.27% and 12.68% on the base condition. In this case, coal price and sale price of products were the most influence factors. And ICL's payback period(6.8 years) was longer than DCL's (6.6 years). According to sensitivity analyses, the important factors on DCL/ICL processes were product sale price, feed coal price and the capital cost in order.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2012

The study examined the moderating effects of the relationship among purchase motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty in a farmer-to-consumer direct market. Data were collected from 426 consumers of direct sale agricultural products who visited nine rural villages across the country. The SPSS 15.0 and LISREL 8.80 statistical package were used for frequency, reliability, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, and path analysis. Results showed that 'product factor', 'experience factor' and 'economic factor' among purchase motivation had positive effects on satisfaction and satisfaction had positive effects on loyalty. The analysis also indicated that gender moderated the relationship among purchase motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty. Whereas product and economic factors among purchase motivations had positive effects on satisfaction in the male group, product and experience motivation were important factors for female group. These results could enable direct sales marketers to develop marketing techniques to expand farm sales.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2005

Pureundeul fanning corporation(PFC) is an cgmplary body of all producer organizations for environmentally friendly agriculture(EFA) in Korea. It is located at Asan in Chungnam and has 301 farmers. They attained more than 10 billion wons as a sale in 2004. And The direct marketing channel of the EFA products is the second logistics center(Asan) ${\to}$ the first logistics center(Gwangju Gyunggi) ${\to}$ local hansalim shops ${\to}$ consumers. It is needed to construct the system of the direct marketing as follows : First, it needs to construct the direct marketing system within the region for EFA products of Asan. Second, the direct shop and suppling area should be enlarged as a way to promote sales with the demand increase of EFA products. Third, an aggressive promotion campaign is be needed for increasing motivation of consumption and understanding of EFA products.