• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.672-679
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• 2014

We studied an activation plan for utilizing eco-friendly agricultural products from agricultural producers' perspective through delphi techniques. Certification types of eco-friendly agricultural products held by producers were low-pesticide 26.1%, no-pesticide 39.1% and organic 52.2%. The major problems in handling the eco-friendly agricultural products were as follows: 'consumer distrust', 'lack of reliable and continuous shipping quantity' and 'lack of storage facilities, such as cold storage'. The major benefits of direct transactions between producers of eco-friendly agricultural products and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies were 'obtaining fresh food ingredients for processing' and 'confidence-building and income stabilization'. Regarding requirements for cooperation of eco-friendly agricultural producers and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies, the most common answers was 'multi-year contract based on trust'. When asked about governmental support for efficient cooperation between eco-friendly agricultural producers and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies, the most common answer was 'supporting plan for small producers' and 'arrangement for appropriate potential consumers'.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.44
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• pp.447-462
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• 1997

Customer satisfaction is one of the major issues in current marketing research. Among many studies on this issue, the best known is the determinants of customer satisfaction. This study is focused the involvement as a moderator of customer satisfaction. The data were collected from 113 students who have an experience using or buying the products and services. The present study found that the customer satisfaction has a relation with the following major characteristics. These are: 1) The direct effect of expectation on the customer satisfaction is significant in case of high involvement service. 2) The direct effect of performance has a difference between high involvement and low involvement. 3) And the direct effect of disconfirmation on the customer satisfaction is significantly different from the levels of involvement.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a polychotomous regression model when independent variables include both categorical and numerical variables. For categorical independent variables, we use direct sums, and tensor product splines are used for continuous independent variables. We use BIC for varible selections criterior. We implemented the algorithm and apply the algorithm to real data. The use of direct sums and tensor products outperformed the usual multinomial logistic regression model.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2016

The purpose of this review was to suggest practical criteria for the clinical translucency evaluation of direct esthetic restorative materials, and to review the translucency with these criteria. For the evaluation of reported translucency values, measuring instrument and method, specimen thickness, background color, and illumination should be scrutinized. Translucency parameter (TP) of 15 to 19 could be regarded as the translucency of 1 mm thick human enamel. Visual perceptibility threshold for translucency difference in contrast ratio (${\Delta}CR$) of 0.07 could be transformed into ${\Delta}TP$ value of 2. Translucency differences between direct and indirect resin composites were perceivable (${\Delta}TP>2$). Universal and corresponding flowable resin composites did not show perceivable translucency differences in most products. Translucency differed significantly by the product within each shade group, and by the shade group within each product. Translucency of human enamel and perceptibility threshold for translucency difference may be used as criteria for the clinical evaluation of translucency of esthetic restorative materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.503-507
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• 2002

Mask manufacturing is a high COC and COO process in developing of semiconductor devices, because of the mass production tool with high resolution. Direct writing has been thought to be one of the patterning method to cope with development or small-lot production of the device. This study focused on the development of the direct, mastless patterning process using stereolithography tool for the easy and convenient application to micro and miso scale products. Experiments are utilized by three dimensional CAD/CAM as a mask and photo-curable resin as a photo-resist in a conventional stereo-lithography apparatus. Results show that the resolution of the pattern was achieved about 300 micron because of complexity of SLA apparatus settings, inspite of 100 micro of inherent resolution. This paper concludes that photo resist and laser spot diameter should be adjusted to get finer patterns and the proposed method is significantly feasible to mastless and low cost patterning with micro and miso scale.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.435-453
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• 2005

This paper suggests several strategies for promoting Trade and Foreign Direct Investment cooperation to the Korean government and companies as follows ; For Korean government, its trade policy would be given much weight on the import from the Vietnam in the early developing stage. This import could be compensated and increased with the counter export of Korean products like the industrial goods. For Korean companies, they would make haste to invest and develop the abundant energy and natural resources in Vietnam. Their desirable strategies would be moving small scale projects into large ones, production partnerships with the foreign developed and experienced companies, and international joint ventures for using inward FDI incentives. The long range vision and perseverance are indispensable for promoting trade and foreign direct investments between and Korea and Vietnam and both parties' win-win results and development in the end.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1177-1184
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• 2005

Ab initio quantum chemical molecular orbital calculations have been performed for the unimolecular decomposition of methacrylonitrile ($CH_3C(CN)=CH_2$), especially for HCN and $H_2$ molecular elimination channels. Structures and energies of the reactants, products, and relevant species along the individual reaction pathways were determined by MP2 gradient optimization and MP4 single point energy calculations. Direct four-center elimination of HCN and three-center elimination of H2 channels were identified. In addition, H or CN migration followed by HCN or H2 elimination channels via the methylcyanoethylidene intermediate was also identified. Unlike the case of crotonitrile previously studied, in which the dominant decomposition process was the direct three-center elimination of HCN, the most important reaction pathway should be the direct threecenter elimination of $H_2$ in the case of methacrylonitrile.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 2006

This paper discusses several low-temperature heat-tranfer fluids, including water-based inorganic salt, organic salt, alcohol/glycol mixtures, silicones, and halogenated hydrocarbons in order to choose the best heat-transfer fluid for the newly designed direct contact refrigeration system. So, it contains a survey on commercial products such as propylene glycol and potassium formate as newly used in super market and food processing refrigeration. The stability of commercial fluids at the working temperature of $-20^{\circ}C$ was monitored as a function of time up to two months. And organic and inorganic compositions of candidate fluids were obtained by analytical instruments such as ES, XRF, AAS, ICP-AES, GC, and GC-MS. Analysis results indicate that commercial propylene glycol is very efficient and safe heat transfer fluids for the direct cooling system with liquid phase.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.24-45
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• 2019

This paper analyzes the size of direct and indirect impact of the information and communication technology(ICT) producing sector to the Korean economic growth We first divide the entire economy into the ICT producing sector and the ICT using sector, and estimate the contributions to the economic growth by each sector. We also try to answer the question on what the possible causes of the ICT producing sector's contribution are to growth. In oder to find the answer, we focus on the change in the relative prices of ICT products produced in the ICT producing sector and examine the long-term relations among the relative prices of ICT products, the ratio of ICT products used in the ICT using sector as an intermediate input, and the output of the entire economy. We find that the overall economic growth has been weakened but the ICT sector's contribution to the growth has increased. Specifically, the indirect contribution of the ICT producing sector, through the ICT using sector, to economic growth was greater than the direct contribution of the ICT producing sector itself. We also find a stable, long-term negative relation between the relative prices of ICT products produced in the ICT producing sector and the ratio of ICT products as an intermediate input in the ICT using sector. In addition, the decrease in the relative prices of ICT products produced in the ICT producing sector increases the use of ICT products in the ICT using sector and the output of the entire economy. These findings can be interpreted that the price decrease in the ICT products improves the production efficiency in other sectors and helps directly and indirectly, accelerating growth of the entire economy.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.25-42
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• 2009

This study examines the actual state of using digital convergence products by consumers, and analyzes the expectation that consumers have regarding digital convergence products and the actual satisfaction of the digital convergence products. In addition, it analyzes factors affecting the satisfaction with digital convergence products. First, mobile phones, which 99.4% of those surveyed had, cameras, which 90.6% had, and mp3s, which 71.8% had, were found to be necessities. Second, the ratio of owning digital convergence products was 79.5%, 48.1%, and 52.4%, respectively. In the case of a mobile phones, a digital convergence type is already common. Third, regarding the reason for purchasing digital convergence products, they chose convergence products because there was no product with a simple function that they wanted to have: 38.2% in terms of a mobile phone, 47.2% for a camera, and 28.2% for an mp3. This shows that a consumer's choice was infringed in a great deal at the back of remarkable quantitative growth in digital convergence products. Fourth, the analysis of the factor regarding the consumer's expectation on digital convergence products showed 3 kinds of factors, i.e., expectation of benefit, expectation of risk, and expectation of situation. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the structural model regarding the effect on satisfaction by a consumer's expectation and the outcome on digital convergence products, all the expectations and outcomes of benefit, risk, and situation did not have a direct effect on satisfaction. Only an indirect effect through inconsistency showed a statistical significance.