• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2002

The purposel of this study was to examine the effects which the direct and the indirect instructions at a Home Economics class have on improving the learning achievements and attitudes. To accomplish these goals. 90 students. the number of two classes of the first tirade at p high school at Anyang city of Kyonggi province were selected. They are composed of the experimental group and the comparative group. Each group contained 40 students. The former was implemented by indirect instructions and the latter direct instructions. The 'Family and Domestic Life' unit of the first tirade was selected as the study subject to take effects and 30 periods of class were enforced. For the experimental measure of this study. the researcher used a pre-learning test. a learning attitude test. and a learning achievement test as means of measure. The two groups were confirmed as the group having the same quality, So after the experimental measure, the results of the post tests(included a learning achievement test and a learning attitude test) were verified by T-test in order to research the problematic subject. and SPSS/win statistics package was used for the processing of the statistics. The results are following: 1. The direct and the indirect instructions represented the meaningful differences in the learning achievements (p <.05). They represented the meaningful differences in improving the learning achievements of knowledge and understanding(p <.05). It was verified that the (order is more effective than the latter in improving the learning achievements of knowledge and understanding, and They represented the meaningful differences in the improving learning achievements of application (p <.05) 2. They represented the meaningful differences in the learning attitudes at a domestic class(p <.05) The latter is more effective than the former in changing into the positive learning attitudes. In the light of these result7. the direct instructions are effective in improving the learning achievements of knowledge and understanding. and the indirect instructions are effective in improving the learning achievements of application. Also the indirect instructions are more effective than the direct instructions in changing into the positive learning attitude.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2009

With the rapid development of information technology, e-learning is growing in corporate. However, there are still problems in learning, such as low learning persistence rate. Learning outcomes are complex phenomenon influenced by a multitude of factors, it is need to considering the direct and indirect causal relationship among various factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop the causal model that explains the learning outcomes (satisfaction learning persistence) in corporate e-learning. This study was also intended to examine the causal relationship between the interaction and learning persistence through satisfaction mediators. For this, online survey was conducted with a sample of 270 learners who enrolled in cyber training course at A company. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, internality (internal locus of control, ${\beta}=.154$), interaction (${\beta}=.489$), satisfaction (${\beta}=.304$) have direct effect on learning persistence. Second, the interaction has direct effect on the satisfaction (${\beta}=.320$). Third, the satisfaction has direct effect on the learning persistence, and mediating the interaction and learning persistence. This result will contribute to build a learning strategy to improve learning outcomes.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2010

This paper presents an intelligent learning controller for repetitive walking motion of biped walking robot. The proposed learning controller consists of an iterative learning controller and a direct learning controller. In the iterative learning controller, the PID feedback controller takes part in stabilizing the learning control system while the feedforward learning controller plays a role in compensating for the nonlinearity of uncertain biped walking robot. In the direct learning controller, the desired learning input for new joint trajectories with different time scales from the learned ones is generated directly based on the previous learned input profiles obtained from the iterative learning process. The effectiveness and tracking performance of the proposed learning controller to biped robotic motion is shown by mathematical analysis and computer simulation with 12 DOF biped walking robot.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

이 연구는 거꾸로 수업, 직접교수법, 협동학습, 실시간 화상수업을 조합한 수업상황에서 학습에 유용한 교수학습활동을 탐색하였다. 연구대상은 교육방법 및 교육공학 과목 4분반, 교육학 교재연구 및 지도법 1분만을 수강한 99명이었다. 이들은 한 학기동안 하이브리드 수업상황을 경험하고, 활용된 22개의 교수학습활동이 학습에 유용한 정도를 리커트 척도에 답하였다. 그 결과, ① 22개의 교수학습활동은 모두 학습에 유용한 것으로 평가되었다. 그 중에서도 높은 평가를 받은 활동은 카톡방에서의 조별토론 내용을 캡처하여 제출한 것, 과제 사례 제공, 연습, 과제에 대한 피드백, 다른 모둠의 과제 결과 공유, 시험 답안에 대한 피드백 등이었다. ② 낮은 평가를 받은 교수학습활동은 화상 문답과 오픈 북 시험이었다. ③ 하이브리드 수업의 학습 효과에 대해서는 3.67점의 긍정적인 평가를 하였고, 학습량도 대면수업만큼 많았던 것으로 인식하였다(평균 3.67, SD=1.03). 자유응답도 문항조사결과를 지지하였다. 이 연구는 대학에서 원격수업을 통해 거꾸로 수업을 시행할 때 성패를 가를 수 있는 관건이 직접교수법, 협동학습의 정확한 실행임을 확인하고, 이를 구현할 구체적이고 효과적인 수업전략들을 검증하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2022

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 학습민첩성과 폐기학습, 학습몰입 관계에서 성별에 따른 조건부 효과를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 265명 대학생에게 수집한 데이터를 바탕으로 Process v3.5 for SPSS를 활용하여 연구모델의 조건부 효과 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 대학생의 학습민첩성은 폐기학습과 학습몰입에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생의 학습민첩성이 학습몰입에 미치는 효과는 성별에 따라 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 조절된 효과는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 셋째, 대학생의 학습민첩성과 학습몰입 간 관계에서 성별에 따른 폐기학습의 조절된 매개효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 대학교육의 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.367-378
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• 2024

This study evaluates the direct tensile strength of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) using tests. A total of 45 dogbone-shaped specimens are tested, with the test variables being the fiber volume fraction and notch length. The test results showed that the material properties of UHPC were largely dependent on the fiber volume fraction and compressive strength. When steel fibers with more than 1% fiber volume fraction are mixed in the manufacturing of UHPC, the tensile strength can be more than twice that of plain UHPC. In addition, the incorporation of steel fibers enabled the significant improvement of the initial cracking strength. However, the effect of the notch length on the tensile behavior was insignificant. An assessment of the direct tensile strength is conducted using machine-learning algorithms (ML). For evaluation of the direct tensile strength of UHPC using ML, a total of 98 test data, including 53 data from other research works and 45 data from this experimental program, were collected. In total, 67 data with a 70% confidence interval on a normal distribution curve were selected, with 47 data among 67 used for ML training and 20 data used for ML testing. As a result, the machine-learning algorithm with a steel fiber volume fraction predicted that the tensile strength has an average of 0.98 and the lowest values of regression evaluation metrics among analytical and ML-based models. It is considered that an ML-based model can help to predict a more accurate tensile strength of UHPC.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.45-70
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• 2002

This paper examines the role of distance learning self-efficacy, belief in one's capabilities of using a system in the accomplishment of web-based distance learning, in predicting user intention to use and performance of distance learning system. It used self-efficacy theory and technology acceptance model(TAM) to build a model that predicts relationships between antecedents to students' distance learning self-efficacy assessments and their behavioral and attitudinal consequences. The model was tested using LISREL analysis on the sample of 250 students who have worked with the Distance Learning System. The results indicated partial support for the conceptual model. In accordance with TAM, perceived usefulness had strong direct effects on intention to use and performance, while perceived ease of use had both direct and indirect effects on intention to use, but not performance. Distance learning self-efficacy had only direct effect on perceived ease of use to use. Computer experience was found to have a strong positive effect on distance learning self-efficacy, and computer anxiety had a negative effect on distance learning self-efficacy. Implications of these findings are discussed for researchers and practitioners.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2005

본 연구는 직접교수학습 모형에 기반한 체육과 ICT교수학습 과정안을 개발하고 현장에 적용하여 교수 학습에서의 효율성을 입증하는 것이다. 체육 교과는 교사의 시범 및 피드백이 필요하고, 기상 조건 등으로 인하여 수업이 어려운 경우가 있다. 그리고 실제 학습에서의 학습 모형의 적용이 미비한 상황이다. 이러한 경우에 ICT 교수 학습 과정안을 활용한다면 전문가의 시범을 대치할 수 있으며, 학습자들은 개별적, 적응적 피드백을 제공받고, 자신의 학습 속도에 맞도록 느린 동작, 구분 동작 학습, 반복 학습이 가능하다. 그리고 교사들의 교수학습 방법에 대한 공유를 높일 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 체육과에서 일반적으로 적용되는 직접 교수 모형을 ICT 활용 수업에 적합하도록 재구성하여 절차적 모형으로 각 단계를 정의하고, 이를 실현하기 위한 ICT 교수 학습 과정안을 개발하였다. 그리고 초등학교 5학년 수업에 적용하여 학습 효과를 분석하였다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2015

This study analyzes the structural relationship between attitudes and learning more properties in agricultural college education programs. The results were as follows. first, The model was accepted according to the some goodness of fit statistics such as ${\chi}^2$(84.28, p>.05), RMR(.036), RMSEA(.041), GFI(.927), NFI(.945), CFI(.985), IFI(985). seconds, Learning attitude(.31) and content validity(.47) in the structural relationship between variables is a direct impact on satisfaction. thirds, Perceived Usefulness(.34) and Content validity(.36) has direct effect of factor on learning attitude. Finally Perceived Usefulness was found to direct effect all Content validity(.64) and easy of use(.27). Finally, considering of duties required in the agriculture. increase the satisfaction of learners should have provide field learning based Learning materials, practices, instructional media. As a result, it will enhance the performance of field learning agricultural education programs.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1819-1826
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• 1997

Direct-drive robots are suitable to the position and force control with high accuracy, but it is difficult to design a controller because of the system's nonlinearity and link-interactions. This paper is concerned with the study of the force control of direct-drive robots. The proposed algorithm consists of feedback controllers and a neural network. After the completion of learning, the output of feedback controller is nearly equal to zero, and the neural network controller plays an important role in the control system. Therefore, the optimum retuning of parameters of feedback controllers is unnecessary. In other words, the proposed algorithm does not require any knowledge of the controlled system in advance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by the experiment on the force control of the parallelogram link-type direct-drive robot.