• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.598-603
• /
• 2000

In order to improve trial-and-error based conventional practices for optimizing forming processes, a direct design method to guide iterative design practices, called the ideal forming theory, has been previously developed. In the theory, material elements are required to deform following the minimum Plastic work Path. The theory can be used to determine the ideal initial blank shape needed to best achieve a specified final shape while resulting in optimum strain distributions. In this work, the direct design method based on the ideal forming theory was applied to design initial design shape for VCR deck chassis. Based on the solution of the ideal forming theory, FEM analysis was utilized to evaluate an optimum blank shape to be formed without tearing. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data. It was shown that the proposed sequential design procedure based on direct design method and FEM can be successfully applied to optimize the die design Procedure of sheet metal forming processes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.741-771
• /
• 2007

Tests were conducted on two partially pre-stressed concrete solid beams subjected to combined loading of bending, shear and torsion. The beams were designed using the Direct Design Method which is based on the Lower Bound Theorem of the Theory of Plasticity. Both beams were of $300{\times}300mm$ cross-section and 3.8 m length. The two main variables studied were the ratio of the maximum shear stress due to the twisting moment, to the shear stress arising from the shear force, which was varied between 0.69 and 3.04, and the ratio of the maximum twisting moment to the maximum bending moment which was varied between 0.26 and 1.19. The required reinforcement from the Direct Design Method was compared with requirements from the ACI and the BSI codes. It was found that, in the case of bending dominance, the required longitudinal reinforcements from all methods were close to each other while the BSI required much larger transverse reinforcement. In the case of torsion dominance, the BSI method required much larger longitudinal and transverse reinforcement than the both the ACI and the DDM methods. The difference in the transverse reinforcement is more pronounce. Experimental investigation showed good agreement between design and experimental failure loads of the beams designed using the Direct Design Method. Both beams failed within an acceptable range of the design loads and underwent ductile behaviour up to failure. The results indicate that the Direct Design Method can be successfully used to design partially prestressed concrete solid beams which cater for the combined effect of bending, shear and torsion loads.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제26권11호
• /
• pp.2245-2252
• /
• 2002

Design sensitivity analysis scheme is proposed in an elasto -plastic finite element method with explicit time integration using a direct differentiation method. The direct differentiation is concerned with large deformation, the elasto-plastic constitutive relation, shell elements with reduced integration and the contact scheme. The design sensitivities with respect to the process parameter are calculated with the direct analytical differentiation of the governing equation. The sensitivity results obtained from the present theory are compared with that obtained by the finite difference method in a class of sheet metal forming problems such as hemi-spherical stretching and cylindrical cup deep-drawing. The result shows good agreement with the finite difference method and demonstrates that the preposed sensitivity calculation scheme is a pplicable in the complicated sheet metal forming analysis and design.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2022

The 2D/1D method has become the mainstream of the direct transport calculation considering the balance of accuracy and efficiency. However, the 2D/1D method still suffers from stability issues. Recently, a quasi-3D method has been proposed with axial Legendre expansion. Analysis and comparison of the 2D/1D and quasi-3D method is conducted in theory from the equation derivation. Besides, the C5G7 benchmark, the KUCA benchmark and the macro BEAVRS benchmark are calculated to verify the theory comparisons of these two methods with the direct transport code SHARK. All results show that the quasi-3D method has better stability and accuracy than the 2D/1D method with worse efficiency and memory cost. It provides a new option for direct transport calculation with the quasi-3D method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.509-526
• /
• 2018

The direct strength method adopted by the AISI Standard and AS/NZS 4600 is an advanced design method meant to substitute the effective width method for the design of cold-formed steel structural members accounting for local instability of thin plate elements. It was proven that the design strength formula for the direct strength method could predict the ultimate strength of medium strength steel welded section compressive and flexural members with local buckling reasonably. This paper focuses on the modification of the direct strength formula for the application to high strength and high performance steel welded section columns which have the nominal yield stress higher than 460 MPa and undergo local buckling, overall buckling or their interaction. The resistance of high strength steel welded H and Box section columns calculated by the proposed direct strength formulae were validated by comparison with various compression test results, FE results, and predictions by existing specifications.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
• /
• pp.498-501
• /
• 2004

A new slab design using secant stiffness, Direct Inelastic Slab Design, was developed. Since basically the proposed design method uses linear analysis, it is convenient and stable in numerical analysis. At the same time, the proposed design method can accurately estimate the inelastic strength and ductility demands of slab because it can analyzes the inelastic behavior of structure using iterative calculations for secant stiffness. In the present study, the procedure of the proposed design method was established, and a computer program incorporating the proposed method was developed. Design examples using the proposed method were presented, and compared with traditional nonlinear analysis, and experiments. The Direct Inelastic Slab Design, as an integrated analysis/design method, can directly address the design strategy intended by the engineer, such as moment strength and ductility limit. As a result, economical and safe design can be achieved.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.602-614
• /
• 2016

It is necessary to develop an efficient optimization technique to perform optimum designs which have given design spaces, discrete design values and several design goals. As optimization techniques, direct search method and stochastic search method are widely used in designing of ship structures. The merit of the direct search method is to search the optimum points rapidly by considering the search direction, step size and convergence limit. And the merit of the stochastic search method is to obtain the global optimum points well by spreading points randomly entire the design spaces. In this paper, Pareto Strategy (PS) multi-objective function method is developed by considering the search direction based on Pareto optimal points, the step size, the convergence limit and the random number generation. The success points between just before and current Pareto optimal points are considered. PS method can also apply to the single objective function problems, and can consider the discrete design variables such as plate thickness, longitudinal space, web height and web space. The optimum design results are compared with existing Random Search (RS) multi-objective function method and Evolutionary Strategy (ES) multi-objective function method by performing the optimum designs of double bottom structure and double hull tanker which have discrete design values. Its superiority and effectiveness are shown by comparing the optimum results with those of RS method and ES method.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제23권12호
• /
• pp.48-57
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 FEM(Finite Element Method)을 이용한 직접구동형 영구자석 풍력발전기의 최적설계를 위해 최신의 최적화 기법인 MADS(Mesh Adaptive Direct Search)를 적용하였으며, 최적설계 목표는 연간 에너지 생산량(Annual Energy Production : AEP)을 최대화 하는 방향으로 선정하였다. 또한, 풍력발전기의 전 운전영역을 고려하기 위해 해당풍속에서의 통계적 확률밀도와 연간 운전시간을 적용하여 연간 최대에너지 생산량을 산정하였다. 아울러, MADS의 최적설계 결과와 병렬분산 컴퓨팅을 결합한 유전 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm : GA)의 최적설계 결과를 비교하였으며, MADS는 병렬분산 유전알고리즘에 비해 상대적으로 빠른 수렴성을 나타내었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국실내디자인학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2005

This research against the method of applying a traditional design elements to modern interior space is classified and analyzed by direct expression method, a transfigure expression method, a metaphor expression method and a symbol expression method. The direct expression method means the modernizing the traditional design elements by expressing traditional material and structural formative style as they are, and the transfigure expression method is the design method of re-organizing the elements by simplifying and transfiguring the traditional design elements. Metaphor expression method includes the method of expressing visually the formative concept which does not known concretely, and the symbol expression method exchanges the rising concepts into concrete elements and expresses by new design.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.1361-1375
• /
• 2013

Lee et al. (2011)이 제시한 목감천 유역의 하천복원 설계절차에 근거하여 수리구조물의 설계와 관련 있는 설계홍수량을 산정에 있어 비정상성을 고려하여 산정하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 목감천 유역에서 비정상성을 고려한 새로운 설계홍수량을 제안하기 위함이다. 설계홍수량 산정방법인 설계-호우단위도법과 직접 홍수빈도해석법을 적용하였으며, 각각의 방법에 사용되는 빈도분석은 NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research)에서 개발된 extRemes 모형을 통하여 비정상성을 고려하였다. 직접 홍수빈도해석의 방법은 유량으로부터 직접 빈도해석을 수행한다는 점에서 신뢰성이 기대되지만, 설계-호우단위도법보다 다소 과소 추정되었다. 따라서 가장 크게 산정된 설계호우-단위도법의 100년 빈도 설계홍수량을 목감천 유역의 설계홍수량으로 결정하였다.