• 제목/요약/키워드: dipping time

검색결과 196건 처리시간 0.021초

'신고' 배 수확 전·후 처리가 저장 중 배과피얼룩과 발생 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향 (Effect of pre-and post-harvest treatments on the fruit quality and the occurrence of fruit skin stain during the storage of 'Niitaka' pears)

  • 문병우;윤덕훈;남기웅
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.468-472
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    • 2014
  • '신고' 배에서 저장 전 몇 가지를 처리하여 배과피얼룩과 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 2중 봉지 속지색에 따른 배과피얼룩과 발생은 황색지가 청색지 및 적색지에 비하여 현저하게 낮은 발생률을 보였다. 수확 시기별로는 적숙기 보다 7일 전에 수확하여 저온 저장한 처리가 발병률이 낮았으며 과실 품질에는 차이가 없었다. 저장방법에서 칼슘코팅봉지에 넣어 저장한 과실이 PE 봉지 및 알배로 저장한 과실에 비하여 현저하게 발생률이 높았다. 이산화염소 및 칼슘액 침지처리는 무처리 및 증류수 처리에 비하여 발생률이 낮았다. 또한 NaDCC 1,500배액에 침지처리를 하면 발생률이 낮았으며 반점의 크기도 감소되었다. 저장 중 과피얼룩과 발생은 과피의 수분함량(67.7%)이 낮은 과실은 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 적숙기 보다 7일 전에 수확하여 칼슘봉지 씌우기 및 이산화염소, 칼슘용액, NaDCC 침지는 저장중 배과피얼룩과 발생을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

사과나무의 묘목생산성 향상을 위한 몇 가지 깎기눈접 기술 (Some Chip Budding Techniques for Improving the Nursery Performances in Apple Trees)

  • 이종섭;윤태명
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.352-357
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    • 2001
  • 깎기눈접으로 사과나무 우량묘목을 생산하고자 할 경우 생산성을 높이기 위한 몇 가지 기술을 개발하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 적정 깎기눈접 시기를 구명하고자 8월 5일부터 9월 24일까지 10일 간격으로 접목하고 활착률과 생육을 조사하였던 바 8월 중순부터 9월 상순까지가 깎기눈접 적기인 것으로 판단되었고 접목테이프는 접목 6-8주 후에 제거하는 것이 알맞은 것으로 나타났다. 깎기눈접시 작업능률을 높이기 위하여 미리 접눈을 깎아 $25^{\circ}C$의 물에 5시간까지 침지하여 두어도 접목 활착이나 활착 후 생장에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 $35^{\circ}C$의 물에서는 3시간 침지하여도 접목성공률이 떨어지고 생장도 불량하였다.

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Application of Statistical Experimental Design to Improve the Quality of Fresh-Cut Apple Cubes by Edible Coating with Alginate

  • Zuo, Li;Lee, Jun-Ho
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.825-832
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    • 2006
  • The effect of alginate coating in combination with an anti-browning agent on increasing the post-cutting shelf life and improving the quality of minimally processed apple cubes was studied during storage at room temperature for 5 days. A simple coating technique involving the chemical cross-linkage of alginate by calcium was used. Statistical-based experimental designs were applied to improve the quality of the alginate-coated apple cubes (ACAC). Plackett-Burman design was first used to determine the main factors influencing the preservation of the original weight, color, and texture of ACAC. Among these variables, alginate concentration ($X_1$), dipping time ($X_2$), and dipping temperature ($X_3$) significantly influenced the ACAC weight and color (confidence levels above 90%). Subsequently, the effects of the 3 main factors were further investigated by a central composite design. The polynomial models developed by response surface methodology were adequate to describe the relationships between the studied factors and the responses. Overall optimization conducted by superimposing the curves of the responses enabled the determination of an optimal range of the independent variables in which the five responses were simultaneously optimized. The point chosen as representative of this optimal area corresponded to $X_1=2.98%$, $X_2=0.85\;min$, and $X_3=55^{\circ}C$ and under these conditions the model predicted weight loss=0.522%, relative hardness=1.517, ${\Delta}E=1.423$, browning inhibition=93.403%, and ${\Delta}L=0.158$.

연속용융 도금라인 용 고내침식 Fe계 합금 개발 (Development of High Erosion Resistant Fe-based Alloy for Continuous Hot Dipping Line)

  • 백민숙;김용철;백경철;곽준섭;윤동주
    • 한국표면공학회지
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    • 제53권3호
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2020
  • In this study, the material used in the hot dip galvanizing equipment was poorly corrosion-resistant, so it was performed to solve the cost and time problems caused by equipment replacement. The theoretical calculation was performed using the DV-Xα method(Discrete Variational Local-density approximation method). The alloy (STS4XX series) of the equipment currently used has a martensite phase. Therefore, the theoretical calculation was performed by applying P4 / mmm, which is a tetragonal structure. The new alloy was chosen by designing theoretical values close to existing materials. Considering elements that contribute to corrosion, most have high prices. Therefore, the design was completed by adjusting the content using only the components of the reference material in the theoretical design. The final design alloys were chosen as D6 and D9. Designed D6 and D9 were dissolved and prepared using an induction furnace. After the heat treatment process was completed, the corrosion rate of the alloys was confirmed by using the potentiodynamic polarization test. The surface of the prepared alloys were processed horizontally and then polished to # 1200 using sand paper to perform potentiodynamic polarization test. Domestic products: 4.735 mpy (mils / year), D6: 0.9166 mpy, D9: 0.3372 mpy, alloys designed than domestic products had a lower corrosion rate. Therefore, the designed alloy was expected to have better erosion resistance.

Changes of Feeding Behaviors of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) Depending on Inflow Concentrations of Imidacloprid

  • Seo, Mi-Ja;Kang, Myong-Ki;Jo, Beom-Haeng;Hwang, In-Cheon;Jang, Chul;Yu, Yong-Man;Youn, Young-Nam
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.369-378
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    • 2008
  • Imidacloprid를 처리한 후에 복숭아혹진딧물의 처음 반응은 처리농도에 따라 차이를 나타내고 있다. 복숭아혹진딧물의 구침이 식물체에 머무는 시간은 imidacloprid의 농도가 증가함에 따라서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 잎에 침투한 imidacloprid의 농도는 HPLC를 이용하여 측정하였으며, imidacloprid가 잎에 잔류하고 있는 잔류량은 처리농도를 달리함에 따라서 약간의 차이를 나타내고 있다. 그렇지만, imidacloprid의 침투이행 비율은 침지시간이 길어질수록 높았으나, imidacloprid의 농도와 침지 시간사이의 잔류량은 상관관계가 없었다. 복숭아혹진딧물이 imidacloprid에 대하여 처음 반응하는 잔류량은 0.32-0.35mg/L에서 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 아마도 복숭아혹진딧물은 imidacloprid의 추천 농도보다 매우 적은량을 처리하더라도 인식할 것으로 생각된다. 복숭아혹진딧물은 EPG 기록을 시작하고 처음 3시간 동안 활발한 기주탐색행동을 한 후에 물관부와 체관부에서 흡즙행동을 보이고 있다. Imidacloprid를 처리한 후 90분 후부터 30분간 진딧물이 구침을 식물체로부터 빼는 행동이 늘어나게 되며, 물관부 혹은 체관부에서의 흡즙행동은 현저히 감소하게 된다. 특히 물관부에서의 흡즙하는 행동의 비율은 imidacloprid의 처리농도에 따라서 매우 달라지게 된다.

반응표면분석에 의한 사과 pomace로부터의 폴리페놀 추출조건 최적화 (Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Polyphenolic Compounds from Apple Pomace by Response Surface Methodology)

  • 김윤숙;김로사;문지혜;지중룡;최희돈;박용곤
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2009
  • 사과 pomace의 알콜 추출 조건을 최적화하기 위하여 중심합성계획법을 이용하여 용매비와 침지시간, 추출시간, 추출온도는 독립변수로 수율과 총 폴리페놀 함량은 종속변수로 설정하였다. 실험 결과 최적조건은 반응표면분석을 이용하여 모니터링하였다. 반응표면그래프 분석 결과 사과 pomace의 알콜 추출 시 수율은 침지시간과 추출시간에는 큰 영향을 받지 않았으며, 시료에 대한 용매비가 높을수록 또는 추출온도가 높아질수록 증가하였다. 총폴리페놀 함량은 모든 독립변수에 영향을 받아 비례적으로 함께 증가하였으나 최고점을 보인 후 다시 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량을 최대로 하는 최적 알콜 추출 조건은 사과 pomace에 용매비를 13.00 mL/g로 하고 89.02분 동안 침지시킨 후 $70^{\circ}C$에서 180분 추출하였을 때로서 그 때의 수율은 3.76%, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 29.68 mg catechin equiv./g으로 나타났다.

젖소 유방염 관리에 따른 세균 및 체세포수 등급 실태 조사 분석 (Analytical studies of bovine mastitis management by standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC))

  • 허정호;정명호;박영호;조명희;이주홍
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.285-300
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    • 1998
  • 1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

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Oxolinic acid의 경구투여, 주사 및 약욕에 따른 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus 체내 약물동태학적 특성 (Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus by oral administration, injection and dipping)

  • 정승희;최동림;김진우;조미라;지보영;서정수
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.125-135
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    • 2009
  • Oxolonic acid (OA)를 넙치(평균체중 90 g)에 1회 경구투여(15, 30 및 60 ㎎/㎏ body weight), 1회 복강주사(10 및 20 ㎎/㎏ body weight) 및 1시간동안 약욕(30 및 50 ppm)한 다음, 경시적(3시간-144시간)인 혈장내 OA의 잔류농도를 분석하였다. 15, 30 및 60 ㎎/㎏ 농도로 경구투여한 모든 시험구에서 투여 10~15시간째 각각 1.92, 2.45 및 3.72 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. 10 및 20 ㎎/㎏ 농도로 복강주사한 경우, 투여 10시간째 각각 4.1 및 4.8 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. 약욕한 시험구의 경우, 30 및 50 ppm 시험구는 각각 투여 5-30시간째 0.22 및 0.38 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. OA의 투여방법에 따른 넙치 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 one- compartment model로 WinNonlin program을 이용하여 OA의 흡수, 배설, 반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수 (parameter)를 조사하였다. 15, 30 및 60 ㎎/㎏을 경구투여한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적 (AUC)은 각각 70.93, 120.0 및 141.86 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간($T_{max}$)은 16.22, 20.39 및 17.33 h, 혈중최고농도 ($C_{max}$)는 1.61, 2.40 및 3.01 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다. 10 및 20 ㎎/㎏을 복강주사한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 각 각 184.7 및 315.92 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간($T_{max}$)은 5.91 및 6.26 h, 혈중최고농도($C_{max}$)는 4.19 및 4.45 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다. 30 및 50ppm으로 약욕한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적 (AUC)은 각각 17.58 및 21.69 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 혈중 최고농도의 도달시간($T_{max}$)은 19.08 및 31.43 h, 혈중최고농도($C_{max}$)는 0.22 및 0.25 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다.

초음파 및 침적방법을 이용한 강황 (Curcuma longa)으로부터 Curcuminoids의 확인 (Identification of Curcuminoids from Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Using Ultrasonic Wave and Dipping Method)

  • 이광진;마진열;김영식
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 2012
  • In this study three major curcuminoids in turmeric curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2) and bismethoxycurcumin (3) were efficiently extracted by optimizing extraction condition and simultaneously identified using a fast and reliable RP-HPLC-UV-MS and TLC method. The analysis by the $C_{18}$ column was performed and the UV wavelength was fixed at 425 nm. In this result, the total extraction yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa) was increased with extraction time from 1 to 7 h. So, optimum extraction time is 4 h. Also, the highest yield of extraction amount 0.433g 8.66% was obtained by ultrasonic waves with quarter frequency kHz and an extraction time of 7 h. The experiment method was consistent with theoretical Value $r^2$ = 0.987 (1), 0.997 (2) and 0.998 (3). Moreover, LC-MS analysis provided efficiently molecular weight information of three major curcuminoids in turmeric extracts and high purity (~95%) of the curcuminoids were obtained. This work offers would be useful for chemical and biological studies of natural plants and its products.

Epoxy수지에 의한 견직물의 Sericin정착 (Fixation of Sericin of Silk Fabric by Epoxy Resin)

  • 문영배;남중희
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 1984
  • 수용성염의 존재하에서 여러 가지 용매상에 소정시간, 소정온도로 epoxy수지에 의한 견직물의 sericin정착을 행하였다. Potassium thiocyanate염의 촉매하에서 glycero1 glycidyl ether(EX-313)와 ethylene glycol diglycidylether(EX-810)의 4염화탄소용액중에서의 반응에서 높은 수지부착률을 얻었으며, 정착효과가 뛰어난 것을 알 수 있었다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사용한 두 수지는 반응 거동이 유사하였으며, EX-810이 수지부착률이나 정착효과면에서 뛰어 났다. 2. 수지부착률은 반응온도나 반응미간에 따라 증가하였고, 90분 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 연감률은 평형에 도달하였다. 3. 수지부착률과 연감률은 3~5%의 수지농도에서 평형에 달하였다. 4. 촉매의 N농도에 따라 부착률은 현저하게 증가하고 0.5N에서 연감률은 평형에 달하였다. 5. 침지시간의 증가와 더불어 부착률은 완만하게 증가하지만 연감률은 15분간 침지에 평형에 도달하였다. 6. 건조온도의 영향은 없는 것으로 보인다. 7. 수분율의 감소는 미약하여, epoxy 수지에 의한 sericin 정착시 수분율을 유지할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하는 것이라 생각된다. 8. 소수성이 강한 용매인 4염화탄소, p-chloroeth-ylene, cyclohexane, xylene, toluene 등이 정착효과가 뛰어남을 알 수 있다. 9. Sericin 정착포의 물성을 시험한 결과 정착효과가 뛰어날 수록, 유연도는 감소하고, 방추도도 감소하며 강도와 신도는 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

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