• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제12권
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• pp.89-97
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• 1969

Plastic 용액(溶液)을 청과물표피(靑果物表皮)에 피복(被覆)하던 수분증산(水分蒸散)의 억제(抑制)와 gas대사(代謝)의 조절(調節)로 저장목적(貯藏目的)을 효과적(效果的)으로 달성(達成)할수 있다는 기도(企圖)아래 적당(適當)한 P.V.C. powder의 색출(索出) Coating의 방법(方法) 유기용매(有機溶媒)의 선택(選擇) 농도(濃度)와 침지시간(浸漬時間)및 저장효과(貯藏效果)에 대(對)하여 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行), 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) P.V.C powder 222 및 443은 사과 Coating에 모두 적합(適合)하나 433이 광택(光澤)에서 더욱 우수(優秀)하였다. 2) Coating의 방법(方法)은 침지법(浸漬法)이 단시간내(短時間內) 다량(多量) Coating에 적합(適合)하며 Ventillator의 사용(使用)은 유기용매(有機溶媒)의 휘발(揮發)을 촉진(促進)하였다. 3) 유기용매(有機溶媒)는 Acetone 과 Methyl ethyl ketone 이 저장목적(貯藏目的)에 저합(適合)하나 식미(食味)를 고려(考慮)할때 Acetone이 실용적(實用的)이라고 생각한다. 4) 용액(溶液)의 농도(濃度)는 10, 5, 4, 1, 0.5%의 순위(順位)로 선도보장(鮮度保藏)이 우수(優秀)하였으며 15%는 Coating 1 주일후(過日後)부터 발효현산(醱酵現象)이 일어났다. 5) 침지시간(浸漬時間)은 4분(分) 2분(分) 1분(分) 10초(秒)의 순위(順位)로 보장성(保藏性)이 우수(優秀)하였으나 심미(食味)를 고려(考慮)하여 $1{\sim}2$분간침지(分間浸漬)이 실용적(實用的)이라 생각한다. 6) 선도(鮮度)의 보장(保藏)은 Control구(區)가 고온저장(高溫貯藏)에서 12일후(日後)부터 점차(漸次) 상품가치(商品價値)를 상실(喪失)한데 비(比)하여 Coating 구(區)에서는 48 일간(日間) 선도(鮮度)가 보장(保藏)되어 현저(顯著)한 저장효과(貯藏效果)를 보였다. 7) 중량감소율(重量滅少率)은 고온저장(高溫貯藏)에서 Control 구(區)가 $10{\sim}13%$감소(減少)한데 비(比)하여 10%에서 1분간침지(分間浸漬)한 것은 $3.5{\sim}4.6%$ 4분간침지(分間浸漬)한 것은 $2.9{\sim}3.0%$의 감소율(滅少率)을 나타냈다. 8) 호흡(呼吸)의 변화(變化)는 Coating구(區)에서 $CO_2$의 방출량(放出量)이 낮았으며 수용성당(水溶性糖), 환원당(還元糖)및 pH는 Coating에 의(依)한 변화(變化)가 거의 없었다. 9) 식미(食味) Test 결과(結果)는 Coating 직후(直後)에는 Control 구(區)에 비(比)하여 저조(低調)하였으나 저장말기(貯藏末期)에는 Coating 구(區)의 평점(評點)이 높았으며 특(特)히 Acetone 용매(溶媒)를 사(使用)한 것이 우수(優秀)하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2012

목재와 시멘트를 혼합하였을 때 목재의 어느 성분은 시멘트의 수화를 방해하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 온수에 의한 목편의 전처리 효과를 검토하기 위하여 2.4 mm 체를 통과시킨 소나무 목편을 온도가 각기 다른 수중에 일정시간 침지시킨 것을 잔골재의 일부로서 대체 사용한 모르타르의 응결 및 압축강도실험을 실시하였다. 이때 모르타르의 배합은 물-시멘트비 50%로 하고 목편의 잔골재에 대한 대체 사용량은 잔골재 질량의 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%의 6수준으로 하였다. 그 결과 목편을 잔골재의 일부로서 대체 사용한 모르타르의 경우, 목편의 사용량이 많을수록 응결이 지연되었으며, 목편의 수처리는 모르타르의 응결지연문제를 개선시키는 효과가 있었다. 특히 수온 $100^{\circ}C$의 물에서 30분간 수처리한 목편을 2~6%의 범위에서 사용한 모르타르의 종결시간은 목편을 사용하지 않은 모르타르의 종결시간과 거의 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 또한 수처리한 목편을 사용한 모르타르의 강도는 수처리하지 않은 목편을 사용한 모르타르의 강도와 비교하였을 때, 재령 3일 강도는 거의 같았으나, 7일 및 28일의 강도는 보다 크게 되는 경향을 나타냈다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.157.1-157.1
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• 2016

In this work, we experimentally investigated the solar absorption performance of Cu-based scalable nanostructured surfaces and compared their performance with the conventional TiNOX. We fabricated Cu-based nanostructured surfaces with a controlled chemical oxidation process applicable to a large area or complex geometry. We optimized the process parameters including the chemical compounds, dipping time and process temperature. We conducted both lab-scale and outdoor experiments to characterize the conversion efficiency of each absorber surfaces with single and double glazing setup. Lab-scale experiment was conducted with $50mm{\times}50mm$ absorber sample with 1-sun condition (1kW/m2) using a solar simulator (PEC-L01) with measuring the temperature at the absorber plate, cover glass, air gap and ambient. From the lab-scale experiment, we obtained ${\sim}91^{\circ}C$ and $94^{\circ}C$ for CuO and TiNOX surfaces after 1 hr of solar illumination at single glazing, respectively. To measure the absorber performance at actual operating condition, outdoor experiment was also conducted using $110mm{\times}110mm$ absorber sample. We measured the solar flux with thermopile detector (919P-040-50). From outdoor experiment, we observed ${\sim}123^{\circ}C$ and $131^{\circ}C$ for CuO and TiNOX with 0.6 kW/m2 insolation at double glazing, respectively. We showed that the suggested nanostructured CuO solar absorber has near-equivalent collection efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art TiNOX surfaces even with much simpler manufacturing process that does not require an expensive equipment.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.319.1-319.1
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• 2016

Recently, the Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) films are intensively used in thin film a-Si solar cell applications due to their high transmittance and good conductivity. The textured ZnO:Al films are used to enhance the light trapping in thin film solar cells. The wet etch process is used to texture ZnO:Al films by dipping in diluted acidic solutions like HCl or HF. During that process the glass substrate could be damaged by the acidic solution and it may be difficult to apply it for the inline mass production process since it has to be done outside the chamber. In this paper we report a new technique to control the surface morphology of RF-sputtered ZnO:Al films. The ZnO:Al films are textured with vaporized HF formed by the mixture of HF and H2SiO3 solution. Even though the surface of textured ZnO:Al films by vapor etching process showed smaller and sharper surface structures compared to that of the films textured by wet etching, the haze value was dramatically improved. We achieved the high haze value of 78% at the wavelength of 540 nm by increasing etching time and HF concentration. The haze value of about 58% was achieved at the wavelength of 800 nm when vapor texturing was used. The ZnO:Al film texture by HCl had haze ratio of about 9.5 % at 800 nm and less than 40 % at 540 nm. In addition to low haze ratio, the texturing by HCl was very difficult to control etching and to keep reproducibility due to its very fast etching speed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2007

Recently, galvanizing method is predominantly being used not only a economical point of view but also due to it s stability and long life. For example, guard rail of high way, all kinds of structures for ship etc. were protected with galvanizing and demand of galvanized structural materials was being increased with more and more. However, galvanized structures were inevitably being deteriorated with time eventually because they were corroded with solution of galvanizing film and exfoliation of it s film in the present severe corrosive environment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the corrosion resistance of the galvanizing film through various methods such as variation of chemical composition of galvanizing bath, chromate treatment and coating treatment. In this study, three test specimens such as pure galvanizing, galvarium, and chromate treatment were submerged at tap water with inhibitor addition. And the effect of their corrosion resistance improvement was comparatively investigated with electrochemical method. Corrosion current density of the galvanized steel was the largest among three specimens, however, the galvarium steel showed the lowest corrosion current density. Futhermore, these three kinds of test specimens indicated considerably excellent corrosion resistance by dipped at tap water with inhibitor addition. Especially, the galvanized steel showed the best effect of corrosion resistance improvement than other test specimens.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1999

능성어의 바이러스성 신경괴사증 바이러스(fish nodavirus)의 병원성을 능성어 및 다른 해산어류를 대상으로 인위감염법에 의해 조사한 결과, 능성어 바이러스성 신경괴사증 바이러스는 능성어에서는 소형어(27 g)부터 대형어(104 g)까지 제사를 일으켜 강한 병원성을 나타냈지만, 실험에 사용한 크기의 방어(537 g), 참돔(207 g), 돌돔(43 g), 넙치(41 g), 자주복(27 g) 및 조피볼락(94 g)에는 폐사를 일으키지 않아 병원성을 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 사육수온별 능성어에 대한 바이러스의 병원성은 수온 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 병원성을 나타내지 않았고, 수온 $20\sim28^{\circ}C$에서는 수온이 높을 수록 병원성을 강하게 나타냈다. 그리고 바이러스는 근육주사, 복강 주사 및 경구감염뿐만 아니라 침지감염과 혼합사육감염에 의해서도 쉽게 능성어에 감염이 되지만, 감염 후 생존한 능성어에 대해서는 바이러스를 재감염시켜도 폐사가 일어나지 않았다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2001

WSBV에 감염된 대하의 간췌장, 림프기관, 위 그리고 심장으로부터 바이러스를 분리하여 바이러스액을 제조하였다. 수획된 바이러스액을 이용하여 병원성 시험을 실시하였다. 감염 방법에서는 주사감염, 경구감염, 침지감염순으로 병원성이 높게 나타났고 수온별 병원성에서는 $30^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$순으로 병원성이 높게 나타났다. 크기별 감염시험에서는 크기에 따라 폐사시기는 차이가 있지만 크기에 관계없이 강한 병원성을 나타냈다. 병리조직학적 관찰에서는 림프조직, 조혈조직, 위상피등에서 세포핵의 비대화를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2016

풋월 비탈면 설계 시 해석시간이 짧고, 간편하여 한계평형법을 주로 이용하였으나, 쟁기형태파괴를 모사하기에는 어려움이 따른다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 2차원 DEM (Distinct Element Method) 해석프로그램인 UDEC을 이용해 수치해석을 수행하여 풋월 비탈면에서 발생되는 쟁기형태파괴에 미치는 영향인자를 분석하였다. 매개변수분석은 암반절리(층면절리, 공액절리, 비탈면의 하단에 위치한 절리)의 구조 및 암반절리상태 등을 변경하여 수행하였으며, 비탈면의 안전율은 강도감소법(Strength Reduction Method)을 이용하여 산정하였다. 수치해석 결과를 통해 쟁기형태파괴는 공액절리(conjugate joint)의 경사각에 주로 의존하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 층리의 한계간격 및 슬래브의 한계길이가 공액절리의 경사각에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 비탈면 보강을 포함한 풋월 비탈면의 최적설계 및 시공에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 기술사
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.6-21
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• 1984

A rock slide in amount of 100 tons in weight happened at 7: 10 a.m., 4th October 1982, on the southwestern ridge of Mt. Seunghag, Busan City. The original rock mass of the rock slide is located 850m west from the Dangri Crushed Stone Quarry. The geology of the area consists of agglomerate, andesite, andesitic tuff, and shale hornfels of the Cretaceous Yucheon Group. The rock blocks were first shifted along the steep joint plane on an andesite outcrop at the site and then to the eastern foot of the mountain slope where some private houses are placed. The mountain slope is covered with thick superficial soil. A slided monolithic-block with 83 tons in weight from the rock slide met with an accident of striking against a house with a tremendous force, to which much damage was done as much as its half was destroyed. The rock-slided block pierced the board-floored room only posited at the center and by the bedroom of the house making a pass like a bullet hole, and hence cut a big pine tree with 24 centimeters in diameter at a distance of 26 meters down the house. However nobody was killed or injured in the stricken house, though seven family members were stayed therein at the very time of accident. They really met a rare opportunity in an unhappy disaster. Measurements of the rock slide were made in the course of the field survey. The monolithic mass was transported by way of saltation, rolling, and sliding to a distance of 300 meters down along the slope dipping 30$^{\circ}$ east. It took about 16 seconds front tile outcrop to the terminal. The acceleration value of the monolithic rock slide is 2.35m/sec$^2$.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2002

In order to decolorize the reactive dye wastewater, we investigated the dye-adsorption ability of chitin, which was natural polymer obtained from shrimp shell. Chitin particle(less than 250 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$n) was prepared from shrimp shells in the processes of decalcification in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and deproteination in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The particle size of chitin was controlled to less than 250 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Three tripes of the reactive dyes-C.I. Reactive Red 120, C.I. Reactive red 241 and C.I. Reactive Black 5-were used. Dye adsorption ability of chitin was investigated by dipping the particle in the dyebaths of concentration of 0.0l%, 0.03% and 0.05% for various periods of time(1,3,5, 10,20,40,80,160minutes). The influence of addition of salt(Na$_2$SO$_4$) and alkali to the dyebaths on dye-absorption was also investigated. We obtained the following results fur the dye-absolution ability of chitin in the dyebaths of three types of reactive dyes. 1) The amount of dye uptake by chitin was increased by addition of salt to the dyebaths. 2) As the concentration of alkali became higher than 3g/I, the amount of dye uptake by chitin was increased. Chitin showed good dye-adsorption ability, when the alkali concentration was high. 3) Chitin showed equal dye uptake in the three types of dyebaths when the dye concentration was 0.0l%. Over 90% of dyestuffs was adsorbed from the dyebaths in ten minutes. When the dye concentration was higher, better adsorption ability was showed in a dye bath of Reactive black 5 than in the others. When the dye concentration was 0.03%, 90% of Reactive red 120 and Reactive red 241 was adsorbed in 40 minutes and the same of Reactive black 5 in 10 minutes. When the dye concentration was 0.05%, 9()% of Reactive red 120 was adsorbed in 80 minutes, and Reactive black 5 in to minutes.