• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.317-331
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• 1990

Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from Fasciola spp, Eurytrema pancreaticum and Calicophoron calicophorum occurred Korean cattle were egamined using modified air-drying method. To compare their phenotype with three different genotypes among Fasciola spp, the adult and egg si2e were measured since they have been known as important taxonomical characters. The results obtained were as followed; Cattle liver fluke, Fasciola spp were classified into three types based on their chromosomal complements such as individual with 2o chromosome(diploid), 30 chromosome(triploid) and 20/30 mosaic constitution(mixoploid). The propotions of appearance of three types were 40.00%, 54.29% and 5.71%, respectively. The frequency of three types in type I which was regarded as F gigantica were 58.82% for diploid, 35.29% for triploid and 5.88% for mixoploid, but in type II which was regarded as F hepatica were 72.2% for triploid, 22.22% for diploid and 5.56% for mixoploid. Egg length of triploid forms was significantly larger than that of diploid forms and egg size of mixoploid forms was similiar to that of triploid forms. Worm size of triploid forms was larger than that of diploid forms and was more similar to that of mixoploid forms, but the statistical data were not significant. Diploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome(m), four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes(sm), five pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes(st), while triploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome, seven pairs of submetacen.tric chromosomes, one pair of subtelocentric chromosome and telocentric chromosome(t), respectively. In mixoploid chromosome, constitution of the chromosomes of diploid or triploid cell was consistent with that of diploid or triploid. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from pancreatic fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum consisted of 13 pairs of homologs(2n=26, n=13). The mitotic and meiotic divisions were observed frequently. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of five pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, three pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes and one pair of telocentric chromosome. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from stomach fluke, Calicvphoron calicophorum consisted of 9 pairs of homologs(2n=18, n=9). The meiotic divisions was frequently observed, but mitotic divisions was rare. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of two pairs of metacentric chromosomes, three pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and four pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Karyotype of Calicophoron calicophorum differed from that of Japanese C calicophorum which was similar to that of Paramphistomum cervi of Korean cattle. Though that of Calicophoron calicophorum of Korean cattle was similar to that of Paramphistomum explanatum of Korean cattle, that have been recognized to be a different species of fluke.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1987

As a series of systematic classification for Korean common liver fluke, Fasciola sp., karyotype was investigated by means of the modified air-drying technique and of the regular Giemsa staining. Also, C-staining method was applied for detailed karyological analysis from the germ cells of the fluke. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiment. 1. Korean Pasciola sp. was classified into three types based on their chromosomal complements; individuals with 20 or 30 chromosomes and with a 20/30 mosaic constitution. Worms having 30 chromosomes represent a triploid form with 3 sets of 10 basic chromosomes, while those with 20 chromosomes were diploid and mosaic individuals were 2n/3n mixoploid. 2. The frequency of the individual type calculated is as follows; 67.45% of 212 flukes examined was of diploid, 10.85%, triploid, and the rest, 21.7%, mixoploid, respectively. In many cases, two or three types were found in the peculiar bovine host while single type inhabitant was about 20% out of 52 cases. 3. The twenty chromosomes consisted of 1 pair of large metacentrics, 4 pairs of medium-sized subtelocentrics, and 5 pairs of small submetacentrics, while constitution of the thirty chromosomes was nearly interpreted as a triploid form with 3 sets of 10 basic chromosomes. The high centromeric indexes of both types are the first Pairs among all the examined, and 37.93% was of diploid and 47.93%, triploid, respectively. 4. In mixoploid individuals, constitution of the chromosomes of diploid or triploid cells was the same as that of diploid or triploid individuals. 5. All the chromosomes of the germ cells in both types showed C-band around the centromeric region and especially the chromosomes no's 3,7, and 8 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes. 6. The variance for the sizes of the worms and the eggs were not parallel with three different genotypes in Korean common liver fluke.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2010

This study was carried out to confirm the chromosome constitution and homoeologous recombination of progenies derived from various cross combination using tetraploid OA interspecific hybrid originated from mitotic chromosome doubling. Based on the chromosome analysis of progenies crossed reciprocally, there were only triploid progenies when crossed with diploid Asiatics as male or female parent. While only tetraploid progenies were produced when crossed tetraploid Asiatics or tetraploid OA hybrid with tetraploid OA hybrid, respectively. However, two types of progenies, that is, diploid and triploid plants, were produced from cross combinations between diploid Oriental hybrid and tetraploid OA hybrid. From the GISH analysis of OA hybrid, it was confirmed that diploid $F_1$ OA hybrid was consisted of 24 chromosomes (12 Oriental and 12 Asiatics) showing authentic OA hybrid. On the other hand, it was notified that triploid plants (3x=36) were consisted of 24 Asiatics lily chromosomes and 12 Oriental lily chromosomes by analysis of backcross progenies derived from either $A{\times}OA$ or $OA{\times}A$ crosses. In cross between tetraploid OA and OA, all the progenies were tetraploid with equal number of chromosomes without any homoeologous recombination, i.e. each 24 chromosomes of Oriental and Asiatics. In 2x-4x ($O{\times}OA$) cross combination, some progenies had 2x=24 chromosomes originated from only Oriental hybrid, and other progenies had 3x=36 chromosomes derived from 24 chromosomes of Oriental hybrid and 12 chromosomes of Asiatic hybrid. Only tetraploid Asiatics chromosomes without any Oriental one were produced in all the progenies from 4x-4x ($AA{\times}OA$) cross combination.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1989

The Results of colchicine and pretreatment time have shown that the cells of Coho Salmon(Oncorhynchus Kisutch) were effectively injected 6 hours prior to the harvest at a final concentration of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/g body weight. The cell-density from 8,000 cells/㎣ (=8${\times}$106 ml) was found as ideal. The best effect of hypotonic solution in proportion to the cell is 20 : 1 and 50 minutes. The model number of diploid chromosome in this species was 2n=60. The karyotype analysis proved that the diploid complement consisted of 19 pairs of metacentric-, 4 pairs of submetacentric- and 7 paris of acrocentric-chromosomes. The diagrammatic representation proved that the diploid complement consisted of 7 pairs of metacentric-, 2 pairs of submetacentric- and 1 pair of acrocentric-chromosomes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-256
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• 2007

The chromosome numbers of two species (Culter brevicauda and Erythroculter erythropterus) of Korean Cultrinae are investigated. In two species, the mitotic chromosomes from 24 groups with two chromosomes each indicated that it is a diploid. Their karyotypes and total length of chromosomes were slightly different from each other. The karyotype of C. brevicauda and E. erthropterus is 2n=48 (7M+10SM+7ST), FN=96 and 2n=48 (6M+10SM+8ST), FN=96. Observed chromosomes of C. brevicauda and E. erythropterus ranged from 5.4 to $2.2{\mu}m$ and 6.1 to $2.3{\mu}m$ in length, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 1987

As a series of systematic classification of paramphistomes, the worms in the rumen and reticulum were collected on 214 Korean cattle slaughtered at Jeonju abattoir from January, 1986 to April, 1987 and were classified by means of morphology. Afterwards, the karyotype of Paramphistomum cervi(Zeder, 1790) was detected by means of modified air.drying method from germ cells of the worms. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In the chromosome number of 254 p. cervi, the haploid cell was n:9 and the diploid 2n=18. The meiotic divisions were observed frequently; 1,924 haploid and 32 diploid cells were reliable. Nine pairs of mitotic chromosomes were homologous in the metaphase stage, and the chromosomes were composed of five medium-sized metacentrics (m) , subtelocentrics(st) or submetacentrics(sm) and four small-siRed subtelocentrics(st) or submetacentrics(sm). Meiotic metaphase was composed of five medium and four small chromosomes in size. 2. As a series of C-banding method, C-band was showed in centromeric region from all of the haploid germ cells. Whereas chromosome No. 3 and 5 included heterochromatin on the tip region, chromosome No. 4 on the distal region and No. 6 proximal region. And chromosomes No. 2 and 8 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 1999

In order to analyze chromosome numbers and karyotypes of intestinal trematodes belonging to the genus, Metagonimus, the gonad tissues of M. takahashii, M. miyatai, and M. yokogawai were prepared and examined. The number of bivalents in the first meiotic division of M. takahashii was nine (n＝9). The diploid number of M. miyatai was observed to be eighteen (2n＝18) and their chromosomes consisted of one pair of metacentric, 7 pairs of submetacentric, and one pair of telocentric chromosomes. The diploid number of M. yokogawai was thirty-two (2n＝32) and the chromosome complements were composed of two pairs of metacentric, 11 pairs of submetacentric, and three pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. These results could be a supporting evidence for the validity of the new species, M. miyatai, distinct from M. yokogawai.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2007

The chromosome numbers and karyotype of Euphaedusa fusaniana, a kind of Korean land snail are investigated here. From E. fusaniana, chromosome numbers of 28 (n) and 56 (2n) were counted. Euphaedusa fusaniana has 15 pairs of metacentric chromosomes and 13 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The mean total length of all chromosomes was $128.7\;{\pm}\;9.93\;{\mu}m$. The maximum length of chromosomes No. 1 was $9.6\;{\pm}\;0.21\;{\mu}m$.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2000

This study has demonstrated the molecular variation of 5S rRNA genes in 15 Allium subgenus Rhizirideum and 1 Allium subg. Allium. For cloning of the 5S rRNA genes, PCR products were obtained from amplification with oligonucleotide primers which were derived from the conserved coding region of 5S rRNA genes. These amplified PCR products were cloned and identified by FISH and sequence analysis. The 5S rRNA loci were primarily located on chromosomes 5 and/or 7 in diploid species and various chromosomes in alloploid species. The size of the coding region of 5S rRNA genes was 120 bp in all the species and the sequences were highly conserved within Allium species. The sizes of nontranscribed spacer (NTS) region were varied from 194 bp (A. dektiude-fustykisum, 2n=16) to 483 bp (A. sativum). Two kinds of NTS regions were observed in A. victorialis var. platyphyllum a diploid, A. wakegi an amphihaploid, A. sacculiferum, A. grayi, A. deltoide-fistulosum and A. wenescens all allotetraploids, while most diploid species showed only one NTS region. The species containing two components of NTS region were grouped with different diploid species in a phylogenetic tree analysis using the sequences of 5S rRNA genes and adjacent non-coding regions.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 1971

After topping, axillary buds of haploid plants derived from cultured anthers were treated with 0.4% aqueous solution of colchicine. Due to the high temperature and dry air at the time of treatment, most of the buds perished. A few months after the colchicine application, however, several shoots arose from the places where the dead buds were originally located. These shoots were mostly diploid. Induction of adventive shoots from the colchicine-treatedaxils was supposed to be rather effective method of obtaining diploid shoots from haploid plants. The diploid plants had larger floral organs than the haploid plants, and had good pollen fertility and seed setting. 24 bivalent chromosomes were observed at MI of the PMC's.