• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

The morphological relations and physiological characteristics of the triploid and diploid oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in Taean area, west coast of Korea, were investigated from May 2012 to April 2013. Mophometric analysis indicated that the triploid oysters have the same shell length to shell height ratio but higher shell depth to shell height ratio than diploids. Consistent with morphological characteristics, triploid oysters showed greater values of fatness, condition index and RNA/DNA ratio during the period of experiment. The DNA concentration in adductor muscle and mantle of triploid were either lower or equal to the nucleic acids of diploid. However, RNA/DNA ratio were significantly higher than diploid. It appears that RNA/DNA ratio could be a useful indicator of health condition of triploid and diploid oysters when taken in correlation with the morphological indices.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2017

There is a growing preference for using doubled haploids (DHs) in maize breeding programs because they reduce the time required to generate and evaluate new lines to 2 years or less. However, there is an urgent need for efficient techniques that accurately discriminate between haploid and diploid maize kernels. Here, we investigate the effects of several hormones and chemicals on the germination of haploid and diploid maize kernels, including auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone), ABA catabolism inhibitor (diniconazole), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and NaCl. Ethylene effectively stimulated the germination of both haploid and diploid maize kernels. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, the ABA catabolism inhibitor diniconazole, and MeJA selectively stimulated the germination of haploid maize kernels. By contrast, gibberellin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), kinetin, and NaCl inhibited the germination of both haploid and diploid maize kernels. These results indicate that the germination of haploid maize kernels is selectively stimulated by fluridone and diniconazole, and suggest that ABA-mediated germination of haploid maize kernels differs from that of diploid maize kernels and other plant seeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the formation of the organ in the in vitro propagation of diploid and tetraploid Codonopsis lanceolata, and gain the basic data for in vitro propagation of superior C. lanceolata. In the case of diploid C. lanceolata, the highestshoot formation (3.0) was observed at 0.5 mg·L^-1 addition medium with low IBA concentration. The shoot formation of tetraploid C. lanceolata was suppressed by addition of IBA. In the addition of lAA, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was slightly higher at 1.0 mg·-L^-1 addition medium than that of control group, whereas tetraploid C. lanceolata showed the highest number (5.4) from control group. In the case of NAA, the shoot formation of diploid and tetra C. lanceolata tended to decrease at higher concentration. In terms of BA addition, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was increased by the addition of BA, whereaswhile the growth of shoot was decreased by the addition of BA. In the case of tetraploid C. lanceolata, shoot was found to be formed by the addition of low concentration of BA, and the growth of shoot was inhibited with the higher addition concentration of BA. With the addition of kinetin, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was slightly higher than that of control group, and the formation of adventitious root was highest (5.3) in the control group. In the case of tetraploid C. lanceolata, the shoot formation was similar in all treatment groups, but the formation and growth of adventitious root were significantly lower than that of diploid C. lanceolata. In the case of TDZ addition, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata showed the pronounced results at 5.0 mg·L^-1 addition medium, and the growth of shoot was inhibited by the addition of TDZ. The formation of adventitious root was 5.3 and 4.9 in the control group and 0.1 mg·L^-1 addition medium respectively. The formation of the shoot of tetraploid C. lanceolata showed better results with the higher concentration of TDZ, and the growth was better with the lower concentration of TDZ. The formation and growth of adventitious root were significantly slower than that of diploid C. lanceolata.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.452-457
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• 2008

This study analyzed the proximate compositions, total amino acids, and fatty acid compositions in muscle and viscera of 51-month-old triploid and diploid Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Proximate composition analysis showed that the muscle of diploid abalones had a higher protein and ash ratio than that of triploid abalones, while there was no significant difference in the ratios of moisture and fat (P>0.05). The triploid abalones had a significantly higher ratio of carbohydrate in muscle than the diploid abalones (P<0.05), which suggests that the transference of carbohydrates from muscle to gonad is decreased in sterile triploid organisms. Amino-acid analysis indicated that the total content was 133.42 mg/g in diploid muscle and 151.46 mg/g in triploid muscle. Taurine, arginine, glutamine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and leucine, which are the major amino acids in abalone, were measured as 84.64 mg/g in triploid muscle and as 73.92 mg/g in diploid muscle. The essential amino acid content of triploid muscle (38.83 mg/g) was significantly higher than that of diploid muscle (31.94 mg/g) (P<0.05). Saturated fatty acids and monoene fatty acids were abundant in triploid muscle and polyene fatty acids were abundant in diploid muscle. Therefore, triploid Pacific abalone appears to be a good nutritional food source.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

In this study, we invesgated a cytogenetic analysis of the Pacific triploid abalone, Haliotis discus hannai induced by low temperature treatment. We got a lot of mitotic metaphase chromosome spreads from the triploid and diploid Pacific abalones' hatched larvae (trochophores). The chromosome number of diploid abalone was 2n = 36 and that of triploid abalone was 3n = 54, so the chromosome number of triploid abalone was 1.5 times higher than that of diploid abalone. We developed a modified flow cytometric method for Pacific abalone from the existing methods. We uesd 51 months aged triploid and diploid Pacific abalones' hemolymph to get the DNA contents by flow cytometry. The DNA content of diploid abalone was 1.743 pg/cell and the DNA content of triploid abalone was 1.49 times higher than that of diploid one. It proved that triploid abalone was consisted with two sets of maternal diploid and one set of paternal genome.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2016

The present study was performed to compare the morpho-physiological characteristics of the tetraploid and diploid varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum and to obtain basic data for cultivating a tetraploid variety with high yield and content of functional substances. The plant height of the tetraploid variety (54.0 cm) was slightly higher than that of the diploid variety. The leaf length and width of the tetraploid variety were 10.2 cm and 7.3 cm, respectively. The results obtained from the present study revealed that the form of the leaf changed from lanceolate to ovate, and the chlorophyll content in the tetraploid variety (16.7) was slightly higher than that in the diploid variety. The photosynthetic rate significantly increased (24%) to $13.4{\mu}mol\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the tetraploid variety from that of the diploid variety. The pollen viability of the tetraploid variety was decreased by approximately 33% with respect to that of the diploid variety, but this did not have a significant adverse effect on seed production. The fresh weight of tetraploid P. grandiflorum was 49.4 g, which was approximately 44% higher than that of the diploid variety.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.481-491
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• 2009

This study was conducted to observe some characteristics of aneuploid trees obtained from the crosses between diploid and triploid in the first experiment. The results showed that the difference among the percentage of aneuploid's pollen grain germination was large, and all of them were lower than that of diploid 'Hongro' (82.4%). The average weight and size of each aneuploid's fruit was far lighter and smaller than that of diploid 'Hongro'. According to the width and length, all of the fruits shape was flat or short-globose conical shape except for JF3942. Almost all the aneuploid had higher sugar content than 'Hongro', nearly half of aneuploid fruits were firmer than that of diploid 'Hongro'. As for the acid contents of aneuploid fruits, the results were greatly different from those of previous studies on diploid apples, in present study the citric acid and tartaric acid contents were more than the malic acid which are dominant acid in most cultivars of apples. Both the length and width of aneuploid tree were shorter than that of diploid 'Hongro'. Most aneuploid trees' height was longer than width, but there were 4 exceptions. The size of leaves was smaller than that of diploid 'Hongro' according to the length and width of leaves measured. In all, aneuploid's vegetative growth is not as vigorous as diploid.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1996

A study was carried out to test sex ratio of the progeny that were induced by the artificial fertilization between normal female and gynogenetic diploid eggs and sex-reversed gynogenetic diploid male sperm. Sex reversed gynogenetic diploid males were produced successfully in gynogenetic diploid female by immersion treatment with $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone at the concentration of 10 pub from $13.5{\pm}0.22$ mm to $57.6{\pm}5.1$ mm in total length. In $F_1$ progeny test, matings between normal females and sex-reversed gynogenetic males were not produced all female, but matings between gynogenetic diploid females and sex-reversed gynogenetic males were produced all female populations in six out of eight groups and two lots produced $96.9\%$ and $95\%$ female. These data showed that all-female populations were produced by crossing between gynogenetic diploid female and sex reversed gynogenetic diploid male.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.735-740
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the diploid and induced triploid cell cycles in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, tissues. The mean fraction of cells in the G₁, S, and G₂+M phases was 85.5%, 7.6%, and 6.9%, respectively, in the tail fin tissues of diploid fish and 91.2%, 3.6%, and 5.2%, respectively, in those of induced triploid fish. The mean fraction of cells in the G₁, S, and G₂+M phases were 78.4%, 10.6%, and 11.0%, respectively, in the liver tissues of diploid fish; 86.2%, 5.9%, and 7.9%, respectively, in those of induced triploid; 79.3%, 9.4%, and 11.3%, respectively, in the gill tissues of diploid fish; and 85.7%, 5.4%, and 8.9%, respectively, in the induced triploid fish. The differences among the tissues were statistically significant within both the diploid and induced triploid fish (p<0.05). Mitosis was more active in each tissue of the diploid fish than in the corresponding tissues of the induced triploid fish and mitosis was more active in the liver and gill tissues than in the tail fin tissues in both the diploid and induced triploid marine medaka.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine fluctuating asymmetry of eye diameter, maxilla length, operculum length, and the number of pectoral fin ray and pelvic fin ray between ploidy and sex in diploid and triploid marine medaka, Oryzias dancena. In all experimental groups, eye diameter and maxilla length showed no significant difference between left side and right side (p>0.05). Results of operculum length in triploid male group and pectoral fin ray's number in diploid male group showed similarity ones with results of operculum length in triploid female group and pectoral fin ray's number in diploid female group (p<0.05). However, the operculum length in diploid male group and pectoral fin ray's number in triploid male group showed consinderable difference with those of operculum length in diploid female group and pectoral fin in triploid female group. Findings of pelvic fin ray's number in all groups were similar to those of pectoral fin ray's number in all groups (p<0.01).