• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.378-381
• /
• 2010

The objectives in the present study were to evaluate the therapeutic effect of dioctahedral smectite (smectite) against piglet diarrhea caused by E. coli and Salmonella. Of this study, twenty piglets (body weight, $6.60{\pm}0.34\;kg$) with diarrhea were used to estimate the efficacy of smectite on piglet diarrhea with 20% smectite suspension in PBS. Pigs were administered with 1 ml smectite suspension three times a day after feeding, and fecal samples were collected at the gate of treatment and on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th day after administration. Changes in body weight, diarrhea index, and shedding of E. coli and Salmonella were monitored during the experimental period. The group treated with smectite reduced diarrhea index (p < 0.01), and increased body weight compared to control group. In the treated group, the number of E. coli and Salmonella was significantly decreased compared to each control group (p < 0.01). From results of the present study, 20% smectite suspension had therapeutic effect on diarrhea caused by E. coli and Salmonella in piglets.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 2010

The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of a combination of C. rhizoma, L. Flos, and P japonica (1:1:1) extracts (CLP1000) and a combination of the herbal extract mixture and dioctahedral smectite (CLPS1000) against murine salmonellosis. At the concentration of CLP1000 and CLPS1000 0.5 mg/ml, the antibacterial effect was not showed on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). On the other hand, the antibacterial effect against S. typhimurium was observed at the concentration of CLP1000 and CLPS1000 1.0 mg/ml. Oral administration of Smectite, CLPl000, and CLPS1000 at the dose of 10 mg/ml showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of Smectite, CLP1000 and CLPS1000-treated mice was 90%, 90%, and 70% at 12 days, respectively, while that of untreated mice was 100% at 9 days after a lethal dose of S. typhimurium infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that CLPS1000 has potential as an effective of salmonellosis.

• Proceedings of the Petrological Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.67-69
• /
• 2004

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2004

A hydrothermal process was used to synthesize dioctahedral smectite from dickite [$A1_2$$Si_2$$O_{5}$ $(OH)_4$], Dickite was previously activated by heating at $800^{\circ}C$ far 4 hours with $Na_2$$CO_3$. After the heat-treatment, $SiO_2$ was added for stoichiometry, The autoclaving was carried out in closed stainless steel vessel (about 1 liter) at the condition of various temperature, pressure, time etc. High quality smectite could be obtaind by heating at $290^{\circ}C$ under the pressure of 60 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for 48 hours. This experiment reveals that pH of the solution was an important factor and should be maintained at 10 to 11 for the formation of dioctahedral smectite. The synthesized smectite was identified as Na-beidellite by the treatment of ethylene glycol and Greene-Kelly test.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2005

Mineralogical and chemical examinations were performed on chlorite-smectite mixed layer minerals that occur in the sandstones from a petroleum exploration well in the southern part of the Ulleung Basin. X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses show that the chlorite-smectite mixed layer mineral is tosudite, a 1 : 1 R1 ordered interstratification of chlorite and smectite with an overall dioctahedral character. This mineral is almost the same as the tosudite reported from hydrothermally-altered regions, which is rich in Li. This fact indicates that the tosudite area may be affected by hydrothermal events, because the studied well is located in the tectonically-deformed area, in which lots of trust faults and folds are present. In these respects, the formation of tosudite is probably due to the variable effect of hydrothermal fluids from the deeper part of the area.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.67-69
• /
• 2004

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 1991

XRD patterns of biedellite-nontronite and saponite-iron saponite series were investigated using one-dimensional pattern simulation method. Ethylene-glycolate smectites show stronger 002 and 003 reflections than hydrated specimens do. The intensities of the 002 and 003 reflections change systematically as a function of Fe enrichment in both types of smectites. The intensity ratio of 002/003 increases with increasing. Fe in both dioctahedral to the higher scattering factor of Fe than those of Al and Mg, and the scattering power of various smectites can be compared quantitatively by calculating the scattering factors of octahedral cations. Interlayer cations cause less effect on XRD profile than octahedral cations as Fe do. Although 001 reflections provide informations about the overall scattering power of the octahedral sheet, some ferrous dioctahedtal smectite cannot be distinguished unambiguously from trioctahedral smectites on the basis of XRD profile. Simulation showed that heterogeneous smectites exhibit 001 intensity distribution that is almost identical to that of homogeneous smectites having the average composition of heterogeneous ones. The broadening of 001 reflections may not be useful in evaluating the degree of heterogeneity of smectite unless other factors affecting the broadening are well known.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1991

Tosudite from the Sungsan mine, Korea is an alteration product of rhyolitic tuff in the cretaceous Hwangsan Formation. It is associated with illite, dickite, nacrite or quartz and also found in the cavities of black claystone. X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses show that the Sungsan tosudite is a lithium-bearing aluminous 1:1 regularly interstratified mineral of di, dioctahedral chlorite and smectite. Its structural formula is $(K_{0.73}Na_{0.02}Ca_{0.07})(Si1_{13.23}Al_{2.77})(Li_{0.52}Mg_{0.08}Mn_{0.01)Fe^{3+}_{0.07}Al_{12.33})O_{40}(OH)_{20}$ and it suggests that Sungsan tosudite consists of regularly interstratified Li-donbassite and beidellite. DTA and TG curves as well as IR absorption data also support such a result. Temperature of formation of tosudite is inferred to be between $110{\circ}$ and $270{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2010

The present study was evaluated the antibacterial effect of the combination of Coptidis rhizoma, Lonicerae Flos, and Paeonia japonica (1:1:1) extracts (CLP1000). Also, the effectiveness of CLP1000, dioctahedral smectite (DHS), and the combination of CLP1000 and DHS (CLPS1000) against E. coli O157:H7 infection was studied using ICR female mice. During the incubation period, the dose of 10% and 20% CLP1000 were inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 by 30% and 47%, respectively. For 7 days after single challenge with E. coli O157:H7, forty female ICR mice were divided into four experimental groups which were orally administered with saline, 10% CLP1000, 10% DHS, and 10% CLPS1000, respectively. On the 3rd day, the number of E. coli O157:H7 in mouse feces was significantly decreased by administration of CLP1000 (p < 0.05), DHS (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 (p < 0.001). On the 7th day, CLP1000 (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 p < 0.001) administration significantly decreased the number of E. coli O157:H7. According to the results of the present study, administration of CLPS1000 to mice can reduce the severity of E. coli O157:H7 infection. Also, it is suggested that CLPS100 represents a good candidate for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic animals.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.313-323
• /
• 1991

Fine-grained sediments of the Han River and adjacent Kyonggi Bay have been studied using the powder x-ray diffractometer in order to study the distributional characteristics of clay minerals in the bottom and suspended sediments. The result of the XRD analyse shows that the major clay minerals in the lower Han River are composed of illite (57.1%), kaolinite (22.9%), and chlorite (19.6%) and that those of the Han River Estuary are composed of illite (67.2%), chlorite (16.5%), kaolinite 915.5%), and smectite (1.3%). The variation of mineral content shows distinct distributional characteristics depending on sedimentary environments. The illite content increases gradually approaching the Kyonggi Bay and kaolinite content decreases toward the sea within the range between 11% and 23%. The trend of chlorite is similar to that of kaolinite, the amount of which ranges between 14% and 19%. Smectite content is lower than 3%. Analysis of illite using peak-intensity ratio (001/002) indicates that two types of illites occur in the study area. Dioctahedral-type illite occurs as an indicator of the marine sediments. The illites distributed between the Kyonggi Bay and the Han River are mixtures of dioctahedral- and trioctahedral-types. This study indicates that the distribution of illite, kaolimite, and chlorite has been influenced mainly by the supply from the Han River and redistributed by estuarine circulation, such as tidal circulation and seasonal variation of river discharge. However, smectite is apparently supplied from other sources such as Yellow Sea or China. This study suggests that estuarine mixing system and seasonal variations of river discharge are the major factors controlling the distribution pattern of clay minerals in the study area.