• Title/Summary/Keyword: dinosaur track

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Dinosaur Track-Bearing Deposits at Petroglyphs of Bangudae Terrace in Daegokcheon Stream, Ulju (National Treasure No. 285): Occurrences, Paleoenvironments, and Significance in Natural history (국보 제285호 울주 대곡리 반구대 암각화 지역의 공룡발자국 화석층 : 산상, 고환경 및 자연사적 가치)

  • Kim, Hyun Joo;Paik, In Sung;Lim, Jong-Deock
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.46-67
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    • 2014
  • The Dinosaur track-bearing deposits recently found at Bangudae Petroglyph site in Ulju (National Treasure No. 285) have been studied in the aspects of sedimentology, paleoenvironments, and significance in natural history. The dinosaur tracks occur in the Daegu Formation (late Early Cretaceous), and over 80 footprints including 43 ornithopod footprints, 36 sauropod footprints, and 2 theropod footprints are preserved in this tracksite. The track-bearing deposits consist of irregularly interlaminated siltstone and mudstone, calcareous sandy to silty mudstone, thin-bedded tuffaceous sandstone, planar- to cross-laminated sandstone, and thin- to medium-bedded graded sandstone, and they are interpreted to be sheetflood deposits on an alluvial plain. Diverse types of ripples and mudcracks, rainprints, and invertebrate trace fossils are observed in these deposits, and the crest-lines of wave ripples do not show preferred orientation. Dinosaur footprints occur as true prints, underprints, overtracks, and casts on the bedding surfaces, and the orientation of trackways are scattered. It is interpreted that paleoclimatic condition of the track-bearing deposits were semiarid with alternation of wetting and drying periods, and that dinosaurs frequented small and shallow ponds during wetting periods and recorded their tracks on an alluvial plain. The frequent occurrence of dinosaur tracks in study area indicates that the Cretaceous deposits around Daegokcheon Stream are very useful sedimentological and paleontological records to understand the paleoecology and paleoenvironments during the dinosaur age in Korean Peninsula. Consequently the dinosaur track-bearing deposits around Daegokcheon Stream should be further studied in sedimentary geology and paleontology in order to enhance cultural heritage value of the Petroglyphs of Bangudae Terrace as the World Heritage.

Application of Digital Photogrammetry to Dinosaur Tracks from the Namhae Gain-ri Tracksite (남해 가인리 공룡발자국 화석에 대한 디지털 사진 측량 기법의 활용)

  • Kong, Dal-Yong;Lim, Jong-Deock;Kim, Jeong-Yul;Kim, Kyung Soo
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.129-138
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    • 2010
  • A number of dinosaur tracksites located at southern coast of the Korean Peninsula have continuously been damaged by sea-waves and weathering. To protect the dinosaur tracksites from the damage permanently and safely, we need to develop conservation programs as well as to collect data documenting the sites. We specifically applied digital photogrammetry to extensively record and document dinosaur tracks in the Namhae Gain-ri tracksite (Natural Monument No. 499) and were able to obtain 3D images data with it. The data of 3D images enable us to produce permanent documentation and preservation of the morphology of dinosaur tracks and tracksites. Moreover the weathering rate on time can be numerically analyzed by periodic measurements of the dinosaur tracksite and comparison of those measurements. The 3D modeling techniques also can be used in various ways including analyzing morphology of tracks, duplicating replicas for museum exhibitions, and posting the results on the Internet homepage.

Dinosaur Tracksite at Jeori, Geumseongmyeon, Euiseonggun, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea(National Monument No. 373) - Occurrences, Significance in Natural History, and Preservation Plan - (경북 의성군 금성면 제오리 공룡발자국화석 산지(천연기념물 제373호) - 산상, 자연사적 가치 및 보존 방안 -)

  • Paik, In Sung;Kim, Hyun Joo;Kang, Hee Cheol;Lim, Jong-Deock
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.268-289
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    • 2013
  • The Dinosaur tracksite at Jeori, Geumseongmyeon, Euiseonggun, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea (National Monument No. 373) has been studied in the aspects of location, stratigraphy, sedimentology, fossil occurrence, unique geological records, literature, significance in natural history, preservation, and management. On the basis of these features, the Jeori tracksite has been assessed semiquantitavely. The Jeori tracksite occurs in the Sagok Formation (Albian) of the Euiseong sub-basin, and over 300 footprints forming 12 sauropod trackways, 10 ornithopod trackways, and 1 theropod trackways are preserved in this tracksite. The track-bearing deposits consist of tabular-bedded medium- to fine-grained arkose with mudstone drape, interlaminated fine-grained sandstone to siltstone and mudstone, and shaly mudstone. The dinosaur tracks are preserved in the interlaminated fine-grained sandstone to siltstone and mudstone, and most of them are observed as underprints. The track-bearing deposits are interpreted as sheetflood deposits on the floodplain under a seasonal paleoclimatic condition with alternating of wetting and drying periods. Multiple tension fractures with NE strike were formed in the track-bearing bed, which resulted in that tracks seem to occur in several horizons. The significance in natural history of the tracksite can be summarized as follows: 1) the historical implication of the Jeori tracksite as the firstly designated National Monument of dinosaur fossil sites, 2) the high density of the occurrence of diverse footprints (over 300) within small area (about $1,600m^2$), and 3) the significance of the tension fractures associated with the track-bearing bed as geoeducational records for the understanding the development of fault. In order to share the value of the Jeori tracksite in the aspect of natural history with the community and public, the interpretive panel should be modified to include figures explaining paleoenvironment and tension fault development. In addition it is recommended that a brochure be published briefly explaining the tracksite and to educate the residents about the natural and social significance of the tracksite. For the safety of visitors it would be desirable for the road in front of the tracksite to be moved at least 10 m southward, which could mitigate the shaking of the track bed caused by traffic.

Excavation and Restoration of the Sangchon-ri Dinosaurs Track fossils (진주 상촌리 공룡발자국 화석의 발굴과 복원)

  • 서승조;임성규;박강은
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.12 no.9
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    • pp.905-910
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    • 2003
  • The valuable fossils are distributed in Korean peninsula. In consequence of the development of inland, many road constructions and other public works have been carried out. As a matter of course, lots of paleontological materials in Kyongsang basin were destroyed. Fortunately, one of them was rescued and restored in a suitable place by authors. A fine 4×5 m sandstone slab having about 40 dinosaur tracks was brought from Sangchon-ri, Jinju city, and restored at Danghangpo, Goseong County, Gyeongsangnam-do Province. This fossil bearing slab suggests dinosaurs' ecology and paleo-environment during the early Cretaceous Period of Kyongsang basin.

A Survey of Yeosu Sado Dinosaur Tracksite and Utilization of Educational Materials using 3D Photogrammetry (3D 사진측량법을 이용한 여수 사도 공룡발자국 화석산지 조사 및 교육자료 활용방안)

  • Jo, Hyemin;Hong, Minsun;Son, Jongju;Lee, Hyun-Yeong;Park, Kyeong-Beom;Jung, Jongyun;Huh, Min
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.662-676
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    • 2021
  • The Yeosu Sado dinosaur tracksite is well known for many dinosaur tracks and research on the gregarious behavior of dinosaurs. In addition, various geological and geographical heritage sites are distributed on Sado Island. However, educational field trips for students are very limited due to accessibility according to its geological location, time constraints due to tides, and continuous weathering and damage. Therefore, this study aims to generate 3D models and images of dinosaur tracks using the photogrammetric method, which has recently been used in various fields, and then discuss the possibility of using them as paleontological research and educational contents. As a result of checking the obtained 3D images and models, it was possible to confirm the existence of footprints that were not previously discovered or could not represent details by naked eyes or photos. Even previously discovered tracks could possibly present details using 3D images that could not be expressed by photos or interpretive drawings. In addition, the 3D model of dinosaur tracks can be preserved as semi-permanent data, enabling various forms of utilization and preservation. Here we apply 3D printing and mobile augmented reality content using photogrammetric 3D models for a virtual field trip, and these models acquired by photogrammetry can be used in various educational content fields that require 3D models.

K-Ar Ages of Cretaceous Fossil Sites, Seoyuri, Hwasun, Southern Korea (화순 서유리의 백악기 화석산지에 대한 K-Ar 연대)

  • Kim, Cheong Bin;Kang, Seong Seung
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.618-626
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    • 2012
  • The Cretaceous fossil sites of Seoyuri in Hwasun was designated as the Korean Natural Monument No. 487 in November 2007. It provides important resources for paleoenvironmental studies, including theropod trackways, plant fossils, mudcracks, ripple marks, and horizontal bedding. The Cretaceous sedimentary strata contain a wide variety of volcanic pebbles, 5-40 cm in diameter in the lower portion and are overlain by the Late Cretaceous Hwasun andesite. Whole rock absolute K-Ar age determinations were performed on six volcanic pebbles from the Cretaceous sedimentary strata and on two samples from the overlaying Hwasun andesite. These ages indicate that the rocks belong to the period between the Turonian of the late Cretaceous (91-70 Ma) and the Pliocene age of the early Cenozoic ($63.4{\pm}1.2$ and $62.1{\pm}1.2$ Ma). Thus, the K-Ar ages indicate that the maximum geological age of the dinosaur track-bearing sedimentary deposits is about ca. 70 Ma. Therefore, it suggests that the age is comparable to the formation ages of the dinosaur footprints-bearing deposits in Sado area of Yeosu (71-66Ma).

Applied Mineralogy for the Conservation of Dinosaur Tracks in the Goseong Interchange Area (35번 고속도로 고성 교차로 지역 공룡발자국의 보존을 위한 응용광물학적 연구)

  • Jeong Gi Young;Kim Soo Jin
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.189-199
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    • 2004
  • Cretaceous sedimentary rocks bearing dinosaur tracks in the Goseong interchange area were studied for their conservation and public display in the aspect of applied mineralogy. Black clay layers alternate with silt layers in the sedimentary rocks. The verical and horizontal fissures are commonly filled with calcite veinlets, supergenetic iron and manganese oxides. The rocks are composed of quartz, albite, K-feldspar, calcite, chlorite, illite, muscovite, and biotite, with minor apatite and rutile. Silt layers are relatively rich in calcite and albite, whereas clay layers are abundant in quartz, illite, and chlorite. Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ti, and P are enriched in the clay layers, while Ca, Na, and Mn in silt. Most of trace elements including V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cs, Zr, REE, Th, and U are enriched in clay layers. Inorganic carbon are present in silt layers as calcite, while organic carbon in black clay layers. The black clay layers were partly altered to yellow clay layers along the fissures, simultaneously with the decrease of organic carbon. Selective exfoliation of clay-rich black and yellow clay layers, calcite matrix of silt layers and calcite infillings of fissures are estimated as the major weakness potentially promoting chemical and physical degradation of the track-bearing rock specimens.

A Survey of Actual Condition about Field Learning Materials in Gwangju and Jeonnam Area - related to strata and fossils - (광주$\cdot$전남 지역 야외 현장학습지 활용 실태 조사 -'지층과 화석'과 관련해서 -)

  • Song Pan-Seob;Kim Jeong-Gil;Kim Seok-Jung;Han Kwang-Lae;Choi Do-Sung;Jeon Kyeong-Moon;Kim Hai-gyoung;Park Jun;Ryu Jae-In
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.242-248
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to survey the actual condition about field learning materials in Gwangju and Jeonnam area. The questionnaire was developed to examine teachers' perceptions and actual condition of a field teaming related science subject at 145 elementary schools in Gwangju city and Jeonnam province. The results of this study were as follows. First, the rate of school in performing field teaming related to 'strata and fossils' in science class was $6.8\%$. Second, the place of dianosaur track fossils in Jeonnam province, which was suitable for field teaming 'strata and fossils: were well known by $75\%$ of teachers. Also $68\%$ of teachers have not visited those places. On the basis of this result, the followings are proposed. First, field teaming materials and place should be developed in each school district. Second, field teaming strategies should be developed in various level. Third, some programs to study how to teach in the field teaming and experience the various field places should be suggested to preservice teachers as well as inservice teachers.

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Cretaceous Pterosaur Tracks in Daegok-ri, Ulju-gun, Ulsan: Spatio-temporal Distribution of Pterosaur in the Korean Peninsula (울산 울주군 대곡리에서 산출된 백악기 익룡 발자국: 한반도 익룡의 시공간적 분포)

  • Ha, Sujin;Chae, Yong-Un;Lim, Jong Deock;Kim, Cheong-Bin;Lim, Hyoun Soo;Kim, Kyung Soo
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.458-472
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    • 2018
  • Pterosaur tracks were discovered recently in the Daegok-ri dinosaur tracksite (Ulsan Metropolitan City Cultural Properties No. 13), Ulju-gun, Ulsan. Those tracks were reported as being the first in the Cretaceous deposits of Ulsan area. This tracksite is located relatively far from the Gyeongsangnam-do coastal area where pterosaur tracks were reported intensively, and there are stratigraphic differences. This study described the pterosaur tracks and trackway of the Daegok-ri tracksite and discussed the spatio-temporal distribution of the Cretaceous pterosaurs in the Korean Peninsula. The pterosaur footprints founded in Daegok-ri can be classified as Pteraichnus ichnosp., followed by the morphological characteristics. Based on the distribution of the pterosaur tracks on the Korean Peninsula including the Daegok-ri pterosaur tracks, it was estimated that the Cretaceous pterosaurs on the Korean Peninsula had survived approximately for 40 million years from 120 Ma (i.e., Early Cretaceous) to 80 Ma (i.e., Late Cretaceous) and inhabited in various sedimentary environments regardless of the basin size and the specific sedimentary environments. Furthermore, the occurrence of the sauropod, ornithopod, theropod, pterosaurs, birds, and crocodyliforms tracks/trackways in the Daegok-ri area represented that the Cretaceous vertebrate ichnodiversity was fairly high.