• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1972

The mechanical degradation of $poly(\alpha-methyl$ styrene) in several mixed solvents (chlorobenzene-n-butyl alcohol, chlorobenzene-sec-butyl alcohol, chlorobenzene-Kerosene, chlorobenzene-methylketone) was studied using the capillary flow method. The velocity constant of scission reaction (K) and the limited degree of polymerization (g) were compared at the same value of [${\eta}$], which is considered as the parameter of molecular dimension of polymers in solution. As results, (K) did not change much, even if the species and the volume fraction of poor(non-) solvents changed, while the value of (g) changed according to the species of poor (non-) solvents and the value of [${\eta}$] these results were discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1982

In relation to denaturation of proteins, thermally induced conformational change of poly(D-glutamic acid) was studied in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) at low pH, where poly(D-glutamic acid) undergoes a helix-to-${\beta}$ transition without any other polymer. In a dilute solution, poly(vinyl alcohol) enhanced the ${\alpah}-to-{\beta}_1$ transition of poly(D-glutamic acid) due to intermolecular interaction between the two polymers. On the other hand, this conformational change was interrupted to a large extent in a concentrated solution, due to the interpenetration of poly(vinyl alcohol) chain into poly(D-glutamic acid) chain which prevented the intramolecular association of poly(D-glutamic acid) chain. A conformational change from ${\beta}_1\;to\;{\beta}_2$ of poly(D-glutamic acid) was observed for the films obtained by casting during annealing the mixture solutions. The ${\beta}_2$ content in the cast film increased with increasing poly(vinyl alcohol) content in the mixture.

• 태양에너지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 회전원판 장치를 사용하여 난류 유동장에서의 고분자에 의해 유도되는 마찰저항 감소효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 해양온도차 발전에서 해수를 이동시키는 유동장은 난류상태로 이러한 난류계에 대하여 마찰저항 감소는 충분한 적용가치가 있다. 네가지의 분자량이 다른 PEO를 마찰저항 첨가제로, 실험실에서 제조한 인공해수를 용매로 사용하여 고분자의 분자량, 고분자의 농도와 원판의 회전속도와 괌이 마찰저항 감소효과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 인자들에 대해서 살펴보았다. 마찰저항 감소의 농도의존성은 Virk의 Universal correlation를 따르는 것을 확인하였다. 해수에서도 PEO와 용매간의 Universal 곡선이 증류수를 용매로 하였을 때와 동일함을 확인하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

A modified Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) numerical method is used to predict the dynamics of a liquid drop of a low viscosity dilute polymer solution, forming in air from a circular nozzle. Viscoelastic effects are rep-resented using an Oldroyd-B model. Predicted drop shapes are compared with experimental observations. The main features, including the timing of the shape evolution and the 'bead-on-a-string' effect, are well reproduced by the simulations. The results confirm published conclusions of the third author, that the deformation is effectively Newtonian until near the time of Newtonian pinch-off and that the elastic stress becomes large in the pinch region due to the higher extensional flow there.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2000

Rheological properties of chitosan solutions were investigated as a function of polymer concentration. The viscosity curves for chitosan solutions consisted of two distinct viscosity regions, the Newtonian zero-shear viscosity (η$_{0}$) region and the shear rate dependent apparent viscosity (η$_{app}$) region. The shear rate dependence of viscosity was more clearly observed at higher chitosan concentrations. The critical coil overlap parameter (C＊〔η〕) was determined to be approximately 3.2 from a plot of zero-shear specific viscosity η$_{sp,0}$ vs coil overlap parameter (C〔η〕), which was lower than C〔η〕4.0 reported for other random coil polysaccharides. It was also found that the slope of η$_{sp,0}$ vs C〔η〕 was 3.9 at concentrated C〔η〕>C＊〔η〕domain, while 1.2 at dilute C〔η〕$_{0}$ ${\gamma}$/${\gamma}$$_{0.8}$ relation.ion.n.n.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 1990

Fibrous adsorbents containing amidoxime group which make chelate complexes with uranyl ions are studied for the recovery of uranium from sea water. Acrylic fibers are used as base Polymer. The adsorption properties of uranium are carried out to examine pH effect, concen-tration dependence, adsorption rate, separation, and chelate complex. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Metal capacity of U (VI) ion is in the range of pH $2\~10.2$. Amidoxime group-containing fiber recover U (VI) ions existed in sea water or waste water in extremely small quantities. 3. Using amidoxime group-containing fiber Cu (II) and U (VI) are separated with each other in dilute nitric acid solution (pH 2.3). 4. U (VI) chelate complexes are conformed by tridendate ligands, which are coordinated with one nitrogen and two oxygens onto amidoxime group-containing fiber.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2002

A cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium $\rho$-toluenesufonate (CTA$\rho$TS), forms long threadlike micelles in aqueous solution. The threadlike micelles make concentrated entanglement networks, so that the solution shows pronounced viscoelastic behavior as concentrated polymer systems do. However, a mechanism for a process responsible for the longest relaxation time of the threadlike micellar system is different from that of semi-dilute to concentrated polymer systems. The threadlike micellar system exhibits unique viscoelasticity described by a Maxwell model. The longest relaxation time of the threadlike micellar system is not a function of the concentration of CTA$\rho$TS, but changes with that of $\rho$-toluenesufonate ($\rho$$TS^{-}$) ions in the bulk aqueous phase supplied by adding sodium $\rho$-toluenesulfonate (NapTS). The rates of molecular motions in the threadlike micelles are not influenced by the concentration of $\rho$$TS^{-}$ anions, therefore, molecular motions in the threadlike micelles (micro-dynamics) are independent of the longest relaxation mechanism (macro-dynamics). A nonionic surfactant, oleyldimethylamineoxide (ODAO), forms long threadlike micelles in aqueous solution without any additives. The aqueous threadlike micellar system of ODAO also shows Maxwell type viscoelastic behavior. However, the relaxation mechanism for the longest relaxation process in the system should be different from that in the threadlike micellar systems of CTA$\rho$TS, since the system of ODAO does not contain additive anions. Because increase in the average degree of protonation of head groups of ODAO molecules in micelles due to adding hydrogen bromide causes the relaxation time remarkably longer, changes in micro-structure and micro-dynamics in the threadlike micelle are closely related to macro-dynamics in contrast with the threadlike micellar system of CTA$\rho$TS.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 회전 원판 장치에 고분자-계면활성제의 혼합체를 첨가제로 사용하여 난류 유동장에서의 마찰저항 감소효과에 대해서 조사 연구하였다. 세가지의 분자량이 다른 PAA를 마찰저항 감소효과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 인자들에 대헤서 살펴 보았다. 특히 이 연구에서는 이온성 고분자와 계면활성제의복합체가 마찰저항 감소현상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대해서 연구하였다. 계면활성제와 고분자첨가제 사이의 형태학적 차이점에 특별한 관심을 가지고 실험을 하였으며 이온성 고분자의 pH에 대한 영향에 대해서도 조사하였다. 고분자와 계면활성제간의 복합체는 거대한 전해질과 같은 거동을 보이며 계면활성제가 고분자의 형태를 변화시켜 고분자의 크기를 확대시킨다. 따라서 이러한 복합체는 단일 고분자계와 비교해서 수력학적부피, 관성반경, 점도등의 값이 크게 나타나며 이렇게 팽창된 고분자는 난류 유동장에서의 마찰저항 감소효율을 증가시킨다.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2009

폴리아크릴로니트릴(PAN)과 셀룰로오스 아세테이트(CA) 블렌드/디메틸포름아미드(DMF) 용액의 유변학적 특성을 온도와 블렌드 조성비에 대하여 조사하였다. 모든 고분자 용액이 온도 변화에 따라 매우 특징적인 유변학적 거동을 보였다. 8 wt% 용액의 경우 $20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ 온도범위에서 온도의 증가와 더불어 용액의 점도가 증가하고 손실탄젠트값이 감소하였다. $20^{\circ}C$에서는 용액의 물성이 블렌드의 조성에 영향을 받았으나 40 및 $60^{\circ}C$에서는 조성비가 용액 물성에 미치는 영향이 크게 감소하였다. 더 높은 온도에서의 더 긴 분자 이완시간으로부터 온도가 증가함에 따라 분자간력에 의한 물리적 구조 형성이 촉진된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 유변학적 특성에 대한 원인은 묽은 용액의 특성으로부터 유추할 수 있었다. 고분자 용액의 고유점도가 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2010

The effects of molecular weight (MW) and concentration on the rheological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated at $30^{\circ}C$. Ubbelohde viscometer and rotational rheometer were employed for dilute and concentrated regime, respectively. In the dilute regime, the Mark-Houwink exponent ($\alpha$) of the solutions determined from three different MWs proved 0.73. The critical concentration (C*), in which the entanglement and overlap of polymer molecules began to take place, decreased with increasing the MW of PVA. Huggins constant ($K_H$) values ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 over the MW examined. In the log-log plot of $\eta_{sp}$ versus [$\eta$]C, the PVA with higher degree of polymerization (DP) gave a greater slope exhibiting the inflection point in the vicinity of C*. In the dynamic viscosity ($\eta'$) curve, the PVA solutions of DP 1700 presented Newtonian fluid behavior over most of the frequency range examined. However, the lower Newtonian flow region reduced with increasing the DP. As the PVA concentration increased, $\eta'$ was increased and the onset shear rate for pseudoplasticity was decreased. In the Cole-Cole plot, PVA solutions showed almost a single master curve in a slope of ca. 1.65 regardless of the DP. However, the increase of the concentration from 8 to 12 wt% for PVA solutions of DP 5000 decreased the slope from 1.73 to 1.57. In the tan $\delta$ curve, the onset frequency for sol-gel transition was shifted from 154 to 92 rad/s with increasing the DP from 3300 to 5000 and from 192 to 46 rad/s with increasing the concentration from 8 to 12 wt%. In addition, longer relaxation time ($\lambda$) was observed with increasing the DP and concentration.