• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2009

The Image sensor of digital still camera has a limited dynamic range. In high dynamic range scenes, a picture often turns out to be underexposed or overexposed. Retinex algorithm based on the theory of the human visual perception is known to be effective contrast enhancement technique. However, it happens the unbalanced contrast enhancement which is the global contrast increased, and the local contrast decreased in the high dynamic range scenes. In this paper, to enhance the both global and local contrast, we propose the weight mapping retinex algorithm. Weight map is composed of the edge and exposure data which are extracted in the each retinex image, and merged with the retinex images in the fusion processing. According to the output picture comparing and numerical analysis, the proposed algorithm gives the better output image with the increased global and local contrast.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.659-664
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• 2016

In this paper, we suggest operational trans-conductance amplifier(OTA) for current-mode FIR filter that can be used in a digital circuit system requiring high operating frequency and low power consumption. The current-mode signal processing is one of the very innovative design method for a low power consumption system with high operating frequency because it shows a constant power regardless of frequency. From the simulation result using 0.35um CMOS process, when Vdd is 2V, it is confirmed that the proposed circuit showed the dynamic range of the about 1V, about 50% of supply voltage and output current swing of about 0~200uA. Also, the power consumption was evaluated with about 21uW and the active size for an integration was measured with $71um{\times}166um$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

Objective : In the present study, authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of halo-vest immobilization (HVI) versus surgical fixation in patients with odontoid fracture after either non-surgical treatment (HVI) or with surgical fixation. Methods : From April 1997 to December 2008, we treated a total of 60 patients with upper cervical spine injuries. This study included 31 (51.7%) patients (22 men, 9 women; mean age, 39.3 years) with types II and III odontoid process fractures. The average follow-up was 25.1 months. We reviewed digital radiographs and analyzed images according to type of injury and treatment outcomes, following conservative treatment with HVI and surgical management with screw fixation. Results : There were a total of 31 cases of types II and III odontoid process fractures (21 odontoid type II fractures, 10 type III fractures). Fifteen patients underwent HVI (10 type II fractures, 5 type III fractures). Nine (60%) out of 15 patients who underwent HVI experienced successful healing of odontoid fractures. The mean period for bone healing was 20.2 weeks. Sixteen patients underwent surgery including anterior screw fixation (6 cases), posterior C1-2 screw fixation (8), and transarticular screw fixation (2) for healing the odontoid fractures (11 type II fractures, 5 type III fractures). Fifteen (93.8%) out of 16 patients who underwent surgery achieved healing of cervical fractures. The average bone healing time was 17.6 weeks. Conclusion : The overall healing rate was 60% after HVI and 93.8% with surgical management. Patients treated with surgery showed a higher fusion rate and shorter bony healing time than patients who received HVI. However, prospective studies are needed in the future to define better optimal treatment and cost-effective perspective for the treatment of odontoid fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.105-119
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• 2004

Cultural hybridization and global cross-fertilization, begun since the 1990s, mean the hybrid mixture of the low-class popular arts and the high-class fine arts and have found expression in intertextuality by means of the thinking system of de-constructuralist post-modernism. This study was intended to investigate the artistic intertextuality between fashion and art frontiere, especially between such fields as 'animation', 'music', and 'performing arts' and 'fashion', which shows the greatest characteristic of the phenomenon that the non-mainstream culture flows into the mainstream culture. It also aimed to investigate the intertextuality between 'technology' and 'fashion' as the delivery room of the youth culture and copycat culture due to the benefit of technologies since the 20th-century digital revolution. Animation as the neo-pop art with the popular code coming to the forefront in the 21th century integrated high-class fashion and low-class fashion into one through the combination of fashion and humor, and the musical element referring to the social difference of the cultural field and the social strata is becoming the 21th-century fashion icon through its fusion with the pictorial tendency along with the leisure-time life of the non-mainstream strata. In terms of intertextuality in performing arts, fashion style performs an important role in the presentation of performing arts and since the de-construction of the fin-de-ciecle form and its fusion with media have taken place, fashion works become and element of the origin that has an influence on a series of film, dance, dramatic elements and the like. The paradigm of technology made it socially and culturally possible to achieve the architecture of clothing system necessary for fashionable technical clothing by allowing the possibility of imitation, the function of technology to form popular culture. The intertextual tendency in the 21th-century fashion began from the de-constructive phenomenon of existing norms and now takes the multicultural character of surpassing a certain domain or concept. And it positions itself as the total art of spearheading the low-class culture and the non-mainstream culture as the hybrid domain of mainstream and non-mainstream cultures or high-class and low-class cultures.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.160-173
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• 2011

Increased internet use under a ubiquitous environment may be called as a great human information space revolution followed by Industrial Revolution. This revolution is exerting its significant influence over all the industry as a whole with speed faster than that of any other times. Along with this trend, if furniture design field that leads living culture should fail to jump on this main stream without noticing it, it may be reduced to a unpopular field some day without any sign of recovery. Under this background, this study is intended to recognize a goal aiming at understanding our rapidly changing living environment and leading our way positively. Currently, our surrounding living environment is immersed in computers here and there and Mark Weiser once defined a system that moves in advance before an action as ubiquitous computing and in this respect, I am going to observe a detailed transformation process of space. First nature of the space may be defined as atoms, a physical space equivalent to a spatial element and Bits space that is untouchable is usually called as 2nd space and a combination of atoms and Bits is an intelligent space - 3rd space - that can be intelligible without touching it and finally, this space is called as a ubiquitous space. This spatial transformation is developed by several changes of living environment and we may call it as living trend or interior design trend. Transformation in terms of social perspective, space structural perspective and digital technique perspective may be enumerated. These transformations were surveyed based on its contents being implemented at a future housing exhibition hosted by 5 construction companies along with fusion of information furniture and furniture depending on each housing space. In conclusion, it could be realized that most of the companies were decorating future space by implementing ubiquitous environment as a success factor of future housing market. It may be meaningful to note once again that under an interior environment, a fusion of furniture and information furniture is required considering interior trend elements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3137-3143
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• 2009

In this paper, a single arm spiral antenna has been investigated about the characteristics of polarization and tilt beam. If a circumference length of spiral is bigger than a wavelength, it have a characteristic of varying maximum radiation beam direction. In addition, circular polarizations (RHCP, LHCP) can be variable by the feeding points (inner, outer). Also maximum beam directions tilt in different direction according to the circular polarizations, LHCP and RHCP. These characteristics of single arm spiral antenna are able to apply in the beam forming, diversity, MIMO application which has dual polarization using an antenna element.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate and review the previous researches about objective measuring fatigue caused by visual stimuli. Also, we analyze possibility of alternative visual fatigue measurement methods using facial expression recognition and gesture recognition. Background: In most previous researches, visual fatigue is commonly measured by survey or interview based subjective method. However, the subjective evaluation methods can be affected by individual feeling's variation or other kinds of stimuli. To solve these problems, signal and image processing based visual fatigue measurement methods have been widely researched. Method: To analyze the signal and image processing based methods, we categorized previous works into three groups such as bio-signal, brainwave, and eye image based methods. Also, the possibility of adopting facial expression or gesture recognition to measure visual fatigue is analyzed. Results: Bio-signal and brainwave based methods have problems because they can be degraded by not only visual stimuli but also the other kinds of external stimuli caused by other sense organs. In eye image based methods, using only single feature such as blink frequency or pupil size also has problem because the single feature can be easily degraded by other kinds of emotions. Conclusion: Multi-modal measurement method is required by fusing several features which are extracted from the bio-signal and image. Also, alternative method using facial expression or gesture recognition can be considered. Application: The objective visual fatigue measurement method can be applied into the fields of quantitative and comparative measurement of visual fatigue of next generation display devices in terms of human factor.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

In this study, we propose a method for moving a device such as a flexible air sculpture while stably maintaining the user's desired posture. To accomplish this, a robot system with a structure of a mobile robot capable of running according to a given trajectory was studied by applying the PI algorithm and horizontal maintenance posture control using IMU. The air sculptures used in this study often use thin strings in a fixed posture. Another method is to put a load on the center of gravity to maintain the posture, and it is a system with flexibility because it uses air pressure. It is expected that these structures can achieve various results by combining flexible structures and mobile robots through the convergence process of digital sensor technology. In this study, posture control was performed by fusion of the driving technology of AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle),, a field of robot, and technologies applying various sensors. For verification, the given performance evaluation was performed through an accredited certification test, and its validity was verified through an experiment.

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of molecular formation of adhesive on interface characterization of thermoplastic composites. Carbonfiber/polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) thermoplastic composites were fusion bonded and PEEK, PEI adhesive bonded using a high-temperature oven welding process. In addition, lap shear strength test and fracture surface analysis using a digital optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. As a result, the adhesive bonding method improved adhesion strength with interphase having increased molecular formation of ether groups, ketone groups, and imide groups which mainly constitutes the CF/PEKK and adhesives. Furthermore, it was found that the use of PEEK containing more ether groups and ketone groups forms a more strongly bonded interphase and enhances the adhesive force of the CF/PEKK composites.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.44
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• pp.235-261
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• 2016

Media consumers in the context of the Internet and digital media are using the same content to a variety of platforms. As such, the content of various genres is converted to the form of a new content through the process of fusion, combination, transformation, differentiation, reproduction, etc on the basis of digital media. That is referred to as trans-media. In order to create the successful content in trans-media era, it requires the work of Edi-curation. Edi-curation work is the act of editing and adding meaning to the curation work of curators. In that sense, this paper analyzed the definition and meaning for Edi-curation of publishing and comic(webtoon) content in trans-media era. Edi-curation process induces the changing role of consumers and producers of content in the digital media experience. In process of Edi-curation, consumers(producers) will soon lead to a media producer(consumer), namely proconsumer / produser. Diversification of digital platforms and devices, digital 1 person (or SNS) appeared in the media, etc. are also required to Edi-curation of content and comic(webtoon) published in a variety of ways. Depending on the intention of media producers (or consumers), content through the process of replication, montage, disassembly, dismantling, hypertext, compression, and reconstruction births to new content. The work of Edi-curation has the significance that it affects the way the media producers work in creative process, as well as the reading content of the media consumers. In the publishing content, Edi-curation work is the logicality destruction of a chapter or a paragraph, a sentence of colloquialisms, card news, the deformation of the utilization of video and media content. Meanwhile in the comic(webtoon) content, we mention the destruction of cut(frame), the various modifications of speech bubbles, onomatopoeia, and mimetic word.