• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 2019

We report two cases of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection. In the first case, main mass was located at the neck of the pancreas, encasing superior mesenteric artery and peritoneal seeding was suspected. In the second case, main mass was located at the body of pancreas and superior mesenteric artery was encased. Both patients received FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy regimen, consisting of 5-FU, folinic acid, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. In both cases, tumor size decreased and vascular involvement regressed in response to chemotherapy. After subsequent chemoradiation therapy, both patients underwent surgical resection with negative resection margin. The pathological stages were ypT1cN0 and ypT1aN0, respectively. Both patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with 6 cycles of 5-FU/folinic acid and remained without evidence of disease for more than 6 months after the surgery.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibition has been established as a new treatment option for various types of carcinoma, and many clinical trials are being actively conducted as a treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, either as a monotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor or as a combination therapy with standard chemotherapy. In the CheckMate-649 clinical trial to confirm the efficacy of the combination of nivolumab and chemotherapy (FP) in advanced gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer, nivolumab group showed improvement in overall survival in programmed death ligand 1-positive cancer patients compared with placebo group. Also, the combination therapy of pembrolizumab, trastuzumab and chemotherapy (FP) in first-line treatment was tested through the KEYNOTE-811 trial. The pembrolizumab group showed 22.7% of improvement in objective response rate compared with placebo group. Accordingly, the combination of nivolumab/pembrolizumab with standard chemotherapy was approved for the first-line treatment. In KEYNOTE-059 trials for patients with progressive disease after at least two lines of chemotherapy, pembrolizumab monotherapy showed improvement in objective response rate and overall survival, and the use of pembrolizumab was approved for the third-line or more treatment. In this article, we review the result of clinical trials related to immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been recently introduced in the treatment of gastric cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibits chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions with cycles of relapse and remission. The incidence is rapidly growing in Asian countries including South Korea possibly due to changes in lifestyles. Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease is inconclusive, gut microbiota composition is considered a critical factor involved in the pathogenesis of UC. The overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria evokes hyper-immune responses in gut epithelium causing tissue inflammation and damage. Also, failure to regulate gut epithelium integrity due to chronic inflammation and mucus depletion accelerates bacterial translocation aggravating immune dysregulation. Gut microbiota composition responds to the diet in a very rapid manner. Epidemiological studies have indicated that the risk of UC is associated with low plant foods/high animal foods consumption. Several bacterial strains consistently found depleted in UC patients use plant food-originated dietary fiber producing short chain fatty acids to maintain epithelial integrity. These bacteria also use mucus layer mucin to keep gut microbiota diversity. These studies partly explain the association between dietary modification of gut microbiota in UC development. Further human intervention trials are required to allow the use of specific bacterial strains in the management of UC.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2018

Gastric cancer is not a single, uniform disease, but rather heterogeneous in nature. It is generally not possible to cure patients with inoperable advanced or metastatic stomach cancer. In the absence of chemotherapy, the median survival time is 3 to 6 months. Therefore, several studies have confirmed the superiority of chemotherapy to the best supportive treatment, in terms of improving the quality of life and prolonging life. Various chemotherapies have been used in the past to treat advanced gastric cancer. Recently, various target therapies and immunotherapy have been introduced. However, compared to other malignancies, the quality of life and life expectancy remain relatively poor in patients with gastric cancer. We expect to overcome these difficulties in the future, with better elucidation of the molecular biology of gastric cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Korea. Many cases of gastric cancer are detected in the early stages on standard medical examinations; complete surgical and endoscopic resection is the most recommended treatment for early-stage gastric cancer. Nevertheless, many patients have already progressed to advanced gastric cancer (AGC) upon diagnosis, and the prognosis of such patients is very poor. Combination chemotherapy has been shown to produce a better quality of life (QOL) and to increase overall survival in AGC patients. However, approximately 50% of patients do not respond to the current first-line chemotherapy, while most patients who do respond eventually show disease progression. Accordingly, various second-line regimens have been investigated, and active salvage chemotherapy has been shown to improve the QOL and clinical outcomes in select AGS patients who can tolerate it. There is also an increasing need for neoadjuvant therapy for treating gastric cancer; therefore, various clinical trials have been set up to investigate different regimens. Neoadjuvant therapy is currently established as the standard treatment for locally AGC in Europe; it has contributed to lowering the nodal stages and has reduced overall mortality rates. Despite these benefits, many uncertainties remain. Therefore, further prospective, high quality randomized controlled trials for neoadjuvant therapies are needed to clarify their clinical benefits and to establish the most effective treatment strategies for AGC.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2022

The fruit of the Crataegus pinnatifida bunge has been known to have a role as a digestive stimulant, and is used for postpartum abdominal pain and women's menstrual pain. It is used for coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, retinoids, alpha-hydroxy acids, kojic acid, azelaic acid have been used for cosmetic whitening and medical depigmentation. To determine whether Crataegus pinnatifida bunge fruit also has whitening and depigmentation effect, tyrosinase inhibition assay was performed with American Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge ethanol extracts, Korean Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (Cra) ethanol extracts and Arbutin as a positive control as previously described by Korean FDA guideline. Korean Cra fruit ethanol extracts were 1.87 fold more inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity than American Cra in the experimental condition that inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity of Korean Cra Arbutin is 81.8% when compared to that of the standard control Arbutin as 100%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida bunge have significant whitening effects and may provide the basis for development of cosmetic whitening agent and medical depigmentation applications.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2009

We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 600 elderly patients, over 65 years old who visited oral medicine. The ratio of the age group was composed of 65${\sim}$74 years old group was 63.7%, 75${\sim}$84 years old group was 32.2%, over 85years old group was 4.2%, and the patients were mostly females. The main chief complaint was composed of oral soft tissue problem(44.1%) and oromaxillofacial pain(39.0%). The majority of systemic diseases was composed of diseases of the circulatory system(30.1%), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue(16.8%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and diseases of the digestive system(10.1%). The numerous pateints were diagnosed as soft tissue disease(32.0%), arthrogenous disease(24.1%), and myogenous disease(18.1%) of temporomandibular disease.Principally medication(43.9%), physical therapy(24.2%) were performed. 14.2% of all patients visited oral medicine with a letter of request written by other medical departments or local dental clinics, or referred from other departments in Chosun university dental hospital. These findings indicate epidemiologic characteristics on the elderly patients visited oral medicine. We hope that this study will play a basis in the future research about the elderly patients.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.284-287
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• 2018

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutation of one of two genes, TSC1 (encoding hamartin, 9q34) and TSC2 (encoding tuberin, 16p13). It invades the central nervous system and various parts of the body, causing various symptoms. Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disease that has not been clearly elucidated. It is thought to be caused by an excessive immune response of the body to bacteria that normally exist in the digestive tract with genetic factors. No cases have been reported in which both of the above-mentioned diseases occurred simultaneously. We report a case of CD in a patient with TSC. A 12-year-old boy was brought to our hospital because of abdominal pain. Skin lesions were observed in the TSC. Fundus examination revealed a hamartoma in the right retina. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subendothelial giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA). On the basis of these findings, he was diagnosed as having TSC. Blood test results showed increased levels of inflammatory markers. On abdominal ultrasonography, his colon walls were observed to be thickened with increased vascularity of the proximal ascending colon, ileocecal valve, and terminal ileum. Colonoscopy revealed discontinuous ulcerations and inflammations of the ileum, IC valve, and cecum, similar to those found in CD. Everolimus was administered orally for the SEGA but was discontinued frequently owing to the exacerbation of CD. The possibility of CD should be kept in mind in patients with TSC considering to undergo treatment for SEGA.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1996

As considering a study of the So-um-In and So-yang-In desease, I know each of Extra-disease (表病) and Intra-disease (裏病). I takes serious view of the Extra-Intra-Um-Yang-Up-Down (表裏陰陽升降). I try to join costitutional disease to the parts of human body, which base on the theory on Sa-sang constituional Medicine. And I make some diagrams of them. They could be summerized as follows. 1.The Extra-qi (表氣) is four-viscera (四臟) and four back parts of hurman body (後四海). The Intra-qi (裏氣) is four-digestive organs (四腑) and four fore parts of human body (前四海). 2. It is important that Yang-qi (陽氣) go up at So-um-In Extra-disease (少陰人 表病) and Um-qi (陰氣) go down at So-yang-In Extra-disease (少陽人 表病). And It is important that Um-qi (陰氣) go down at So-um-In Intra-disease (少陰人 裏病) and Yang-qi of Large Intestine (大關局) go up at So-yang-In Intra-disese (少陽人 裏病). 3. Looking into the Extra-disease, ◈ Sin-Yang-Gon-Yiel (腎陽困熱) and Ha-Cho-Chuk-Hyel (下篇蓄血) of So-um-In disease are the disease that Yang-qi don't go up from the buttock. So-Yang-sang-Pung (少陽傷風) of So-yang-In disease is the disease that Um-qi don't go down from the upper back. ◈ Yui-Ga-Sil (胃家室) of So-um-In disease is the disease that Yang-qi don't go up from the lower abdomen Gyel-Hung (結胸) of So-yang-In disease is the disease that Um-qi don't go down from the thorax. ◈ Mang-Yang (亡陽) of So-um-In disease is the disease that Yang-qi don't go up from Intra-qi so it go out to the Extra-qi. Mang-Um (亡陰) of So-yang-In disease is the disease that Um-qi don't go down from the Extra-qi so it go into the Extra-qi. ◈ Dea-Jang-Pa-Han of So-um-In disease and Sim-Ha-Gyel-Hung (心下結胸) of So-yang-In desease are half of Extra-qi and Inrea-qi. 4. Looking into the Intra-disease, ◈ The Intra-disease of So-um-In is Tae-um symtom (太陰證) and So-um symtom (少陰證). The So-um symtom is more severe than Tae-um symtom because a cold wave of Large Intestine (大腸冷氣) involve a warm wave of Stomach (胃局). ◈ The Intra-disease of So-yang-In is not to go up Yang-qi of Large Intestine. Deficit of Yang-qi from Large Intestine which go up at Stomach is more sever than deficit of Yang-qi from Stomach which go up at extremes.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to collect the statistics of pediatric problems and to develop more effective oriental medical treatments for pediatric diseases, their clinical applicability, and chief complaints on pediatric inpatients in oriental hospitals. Methods The study was composed of seventy inpatients that were age from 0 to 20, had received hospital treatment at the pediatrics in Dongguk Bun-Dang Oriental Medicine Hospital for seven years from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2008. The chief complaints were mainly categorized by oral examination on their patients. Results 1. In this study, male children were thirty one and female children were 39. Thus, sex ration of male to female was 0.79:1. 2. In age distribution, one month to one year were three (4.3%), 1 to six years were forty two (60%), six to ten years were fifteen (21.4%), and ten to twenty years were ten (14.3%). 3. In November, the number of inpatients was the highest (15.7%) in a year. However, there were no significant seasonal differences. 4. In the systemic division, the respiratory diseases : 44(62.9%), the digestive diseases : 11(15.7%), the infectious diseases : 5(7.1%), the musculoskeletal diseases : 3(4.3%), the diseases of nervous system : 3(4.3%), the gynecologic diseases : 1(1.4%), the liver and biliary disorders : 1(1.4%), and etc. : 3(4.3%). 5. The chief complaint of the inpatients is pneumonia, a common cold, respiratory complex symptoms, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, diarrhea and etc. Conclusions The two main causes of inpatients were respiratory diseases and digestive disease. More data of inpatients are required for further study. Thus, the new diseases and treatment methods should be studied as a field of oriental medical treatment.