• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.217-220
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• 2002

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation may activate or deteriorate cultured human epidermal melanocytes, depending on the doses and culture conditions. In this study, we examined whether apoptosis of melanocytes can be induced by physiologic doses of UVB irradiation. PI staining for DNA condensation and flow cytometric analyses demonstrated the apoptotic cell death of melanocytes after UVB irradiation. The level of p53 and Bax revealed a dose-dependent increase with increasing dose of UVB, but the level of Bcl-2 remained unchanged. Confocal microscopic examination showed that Bax moved trom a diffuse to a punctate distribution after UVB irradiation. However, there were no changes in the pattern of Bcl-2. We next examined the downstream targets of apoptosis. Our results showed that a precursor form of caspase-3 disappeared with increasing doses of UVB. We also observed cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) after UVB irradiation. In addition, UVB irradiation resulted in a remarkable activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results indicate that UVB may induce apoptosis via JNK activation in human melanocytes.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2008

We present analytical approximations for calculating the scattering and escape of non-ionizing photons from a plane-parallel medium with uniformly illuminated by external sources. We compare the results with the case of a spherical dust cloud. It is found that more scattering and absorption occur in the plane-parallel geometry than in the spherical geometry when the optical depth perpendicular to the plane and the radial optical depth of the sphere are the same. The results can provide an approximate way to estimate radiative transfer in a variety interstellar conditions and can be applied to the dust-scattered diffuse Galactic light.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1020-1028
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• 2012

This work compares various models for geminate reversible diffusion influenced reactions. The commonly utilized contact reactivity model (an extension of the Collins-Kimball radiation boundary condition) is augmented here by a volume reactivity model, which extends the celebrated Feynman-Kac equation for irreversible depletion within a reaction sphere. We obtain the exact analytic solution in Laplace space for an initially bound pair, which can dissociate, diffuse or undergo "sticky" recombination. We show that the same expression for the binding probability holds also for "mixed" reaction products. Two different derivations are pursued, yielding seemingly different expressions, which nevertheless coincide numerically. These binding probabilities and their Laplace transforms are compared graphically with those from the contact reactivity model and a previously suggested coarse grained approximation. Mathematically, all these Laplace transforms conform to a single generic equation, in which different reactionless Green's functions, g(s), are incorporated. In most of parameter space the sensitivity to g(s) is not large, so that the binding probabilities for the volume and contact reactivity models are rather similar.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2008

The Galactic planetary nebulae emit many strong recombination and forbidden lines. By analyzing such lines, the physical condition of the planetary nebulae has been inferred using the strategically important diagnostic line ratios. In order to fully understand the physical condition of a planetary nebula and to derive its chemical abundances, the photoionization model codes, e.g., CLOUDY and NEBULA, were employed for an analysis of gaseous nebular spectra. For the well-studied, relatively simple planetary nebula NGC 7026, theoretical investigation was done with about the same input parameters in models. The predictions made by both codes seem to be in good accord. However, the predicted physical conditions, such as electron temperature and density, are slightly different. Especially, the electron temperatures are predicted to be higher in CLOUDY, which may cause a problem in chemical abundance determination. Our analysis shows that the main discordance may occur due to the diffuse radiation.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.161-164
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• 2007

We calculate the evolution of multiple supernova (SN) explosions inside a pre-exiting bubble blown up by winds from massive stars, using one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations including radiative cooling and thermal conduction effects. First, the development of the wind bubble driven by collective winds from multiple stars during the main sequence is calculated. Then multiple SN explosion is loaded at the center of the bubble and the evolution of the SN remnant is followed for $10^6$ years. We find the size and mass of the SN-driven shell depend on the structure of the pre-existing wind bubble as well as the total SN explosion energy. Most of the explosion energy is lost via radiative cooling, while about 10% remains as kinetic energy and less than 10% as thermal energy of the expanding bubble shell. Thus the photoionization and heating by diffuse radiation emitted by the shock heated gas is the most dominant form of SN feedback into the surrounding interstellar medium.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71.2-71.2
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• 2010

Cooling hot gas sets a floor on the ionization level for diffuse gas in the ISM in general and the galactic halo. Many high galactic latitude sight lines, cooling hot gas is the dominant source of the ionization. Such sites are prime regions for the formation of both C IV and Si IV ions at a temperature of T~105K. To study of the ISM that have the 104.5~6K ionization state by ionization or photoionization by the collision, searching for the radiation energy that is emitted at far ultra violet range is required. In this paper, we report the analysis of NGP( North Galactic Pole, $l:270^{\circ},b:90^{\circ},rad:40^{\circ}$) region by fuv($1350{\sim}1750{\AA}$) data that are surveyed with FIMS. After making the FIMS FUV image of the NGP region, we divided up into 50 small regions for that and got the spectrum emission lines from each one.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.70.2-70.2
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• 2010

Cooling hot gas sets a floor on the ionization level for diffuse gas in the ISM in general and the galactic halo. Many high galactic latitude sight lines, cooling hot gas is the dominant source of the ionization. Such sites are prime regions for the formation of both C IV and Si IV ions at a temperature of T~105K. To study of the ISM that have the 104.5~6K ionization state by ionization or photoionization by the collision, searching for the radiation energy that is emitted at far ultra violet range is required. In this paper, we report the analysis of NGP(North Galactic Pole, $l:0^{\circ},b:90^{\circ}$,rad: $40^{\circ}$) region by fuv($1350\sim1750\AA$) data that are surveyed with FIMS. After making the FIMS FUV image of the NGP region, we divided up into some small regions for that and got the spectrum emission lines from each one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.171-175
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• 2006

Recently, two reverberation rooms were built up of 300mm thick concrete walls in non-parallel pentagonal shape to measure the sound absorption, transmission, radiation, and impact insulation of acoustical materials, panels, doors, etc. Various acoustic tests, including the sound transmission test, were carried out to investigate their acoustic performances. In order to improve the performance, several modifications on these acoustical parameters, such as the acoustic mode, the position of specimen, the formation of diffuse field, the location of sound source, and flanking transmission, have been conducted. Through a series of tests, the reverberation rooms have been effectively improved so that it could perform a variety of acoustic tests with the international standard. And then, it is expected to be very helpful in developing the low noise design technology for ships.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1999

Sternal recurrence has been defined as a diffuse infiltrate of neoplastic tissue at the junction of the amputated trachea and the skin. The overall prognosis is poor, resulting from progressive tracheostomal obstruction or massive hemorrhage due to erosion of major vessels. Neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has demonstrated any efficacy in controlling these sternal recurrence. Surgery, especially mediastinal dissection, may benefit only an occasional patient. Recently authors experienced one case of mediastinal dissection for sternal recurrence after total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer. We report our case with a brief review of literature.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.44.2-44.2
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• 2019

Turbulent motions perturb magnetic field lines and produce magnetic fluctuations. The perturbations leave imprints of turbulence statistics on magnetic field. Observation of synchrotron radiation is one of the easiest ways to study turbulent magnetic field. First, we obtained the spatial spectrum of synchrotron polarization so that shows how the spectrum is affected by Faraday rotation and how to recover the statistics of underlying turbulence magnetic field. Since polarized synchrotron intensity arising from magnetized turbulence are anisotropic along the direction of mean magnetic field. Secondly, we studied quadrupole ratio to quantitatively describe the degree of anisotropy introduced by magnetic field at multi-wavelengths. This work demonstrated that the spectrum and quadrupole ratio of synchrotron polarization can be very informative tools to get detailed information about the statistical properties of MHD turbulence from radio observations of diffuse synchrotron polarization.