• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to investigate differences between image perceptions according to gender, place of residence, and fashion trend; and to examine how the image of preferred clothing was evaluated in each given area of fashion trend. Subjects were 386 schoolchildren (boys:196, girls:190) in Seoul, Daejeon, and Jinju, Korea. Based on a quasi-experiment study, a survey was conducted with a questionnaire providing different clothing images of fashion trend. Stimuli were 5 colored photo pictures of a girl wearing clothing according to fashion trend. The clothing used in the study met requirements of 2004 S/S trend of children's clothing. The high valued clothing sold in three target places were used. There was a significant difference in image perceptions between two sexes. Girls showed more positive attitude in image perceptions toward fashionable clothing in most areas than boys. Children from smaller towns evaluated the model clothing more fashionable. Schoolchildren preferred sporty clothing to the other fashionable clothing. In view of trend, romantic clothing normally viewed less dynamic were evaluated preferable clothing when children viewed the clothing active. Sports-wears were considered fashionable when they viewed the clothing neat and vigorous.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.688-699
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• 1999

This study was to find out the perceptions of toward death and caring behavior of lay persons in one community : One Island in Puan County, Chonbuk. The methodology of this study was ethnography. For this study, the fieldwork was conducted from October 1997 to July 1998. Data collected by in-depth interview and participant observations. The participants consisted fo were 17 persons of both sexes. The key informants were four specific people. The result of this study is as follows ; The people perceived two different kinds of death. Normal death, which means death from old age. The person was respected as an ancestor God and was believed to exist forever with their offspring. Abnormal death was regarded as negative, many had fears toward this kind of death. The causes of abnormal death were supernatural phenomena and had absolute holy meanings. Whether death was good or bad, the death was not personal, but collective events as family or community affairs and was interpreted as death and birth for their offsprings. Funeral rites were family-centered and/or com munity-centered. They did normal procedures for normal deaths for abnormal deaths, there were many protective ceremonies(BuJungMagi : the prevention of the taboo of uncleanliness) for the remaining people. These ceremonies combined confucism and shamanism. Caring behavior for dying persons was ruled as community-centered, reciprocal and reality-centered principles.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.449-460
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• 1997

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of l-muscone, a major active ingredient of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs(3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dosage of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of l-muscone, 0.2 mg/kg/day(low dosage group), 2 mg/kg/day(middle dosage group), or 20 mg/kg/day(high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration(1996.4.16). $LD_{50}$ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg on oral route for both male and females. In animals administered with l-muscone, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other findings. No histolopathological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggest that l-muscone in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.185-189
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• 1991

BST-SR의 마우스 (ICR)와 랫드(S.D)에서의 급성 피하 독성을 조사하기 위하여, 본 시험 물질을 암수 각각 소에서 임상용량인 500mg/600kg의 일정한 공비로 최고 1000배 까지의 용량으로 경배부위로 1회 피하투여하여 1주일간 관찰하였으나 일반적으로 임상증상에서 아무런 이상을 발견할수 없었으며, 체중변화나 전 생존 동물의 부검에서도 아무런 이상을 발견할 수 없었다. BST-SR의 시험물질은 소에서의 임상적용 용량 1000배 까지의 투여로도 아무런 독성이 관찰되지 않은 것으로 미루어 보아 현재의 임상적용용량은 상당히 안전할 것으로 사료된다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.127-144
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify intrapsychic processes of self socialization in sex role development during late childhood and adolescence. For this purpose I investigated the sex-role stereotypes, sex-role ideology, sex-role identity, and self-esteem of 6th, 8th, and 10th graders and examined the causal relationships among these sex-role variables. Data were gathered through questionnaires administered twice with an interval of three months. The methods of analysis were one-way ANOVA, $x^2$, and multiple regression. The results showed, (1) Adolescents' sex-role stereotypes had significant relationships with sex typing. Subjects with low scores on sex-role stereotypes were more likely to show opposite sex typing. (2) Sex-role ideologies had significant relationships with sex typing. As Subjects agreed more with egalitarianism, they were more likely to exhibit opposite sex typing. (3) Adolescents' sex typing had significant relationships with their self-esteem. The androgynous group exhibited the highest scores on self-esteem. (4) Path analysis from the multiple regression analysis indicated different processes between sexes in sex-role development. In the boys' sex-role development, it was found that only masculinity contributed to self -esteem. Girls' masculinity also contributed most to self -esteem, but other sex -role variables such as femininity and sex-role stereotypes made some contributions to girls' self-esteem.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.408-419
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• 1993

Subacute toxicities of DWH-Ol(Ranitidine : Bismuth : Sucralfate=1.5:2:6) were inverstigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. After oral administration of DWH-01 with different dosages of 5 g/kg, l g/kg, and 0.2 g/kg, we examined the number of deaths, general signs, food intake, water intake, body weight and histopatholgical changes for both sexes of rats. During the adminstration period, urinalysis and opthalmological examination were also performed in the treated animals. 1) Animals were all survived for 4 weeks. 2) There were no significant differences in pathological and opthalmological findings between the control and treated animals. 3) There were no significant changes in body weight, food intake and water intake compared with control group. 4) In hematological examination and blood chemical analysis, there was no significant change compared with control group. 5) In histopathological examinations of organs and tissues, there was some hemorrhage in a lung tissue of low dose group, but it was thought to be caused by environmental factor. These data suggest that DWH-01 is not subacutely toxic in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Objectives: The current study was performed to compare the bee venom pharmacopuncture skin test reactions among groups with different sexes and Sasang constitutions. Methods: Between July 2012 and June 2013, all 76 patients who underwent bee venom pharmacopuncture skin tests and Sasang constitution diagnoses at Oriental Medicine Hospital of Sangji University were included in this study. The skin test was performed on the patient's forearm intracutaneously with 0.05 ml of sweet bee venom (SBV) on their first visit. If the patients showed a positive response, the test was discontinued. On the other hand, if the patient showed a negative response, the test was performed on the opposite forearm intracutaneously with 0.05 ml of bee venom pharmacopuncture 25% on the next day or the next visit. Three groups were made to compare the differences in the bee venom pharmacopuncture skin tests according to sexual difference and Sasang constitution: group A showed a positive response to SBV, group B showed a positive response to bee venom pharmacopuncture 25%, and group C showed a negative response on all bee venom pharmacopuncture skin tests. Fisher's exact test was performed to evaluate the differences statistically. Results: The results of the bee venom pharmacopuncture skin tests showed no significant differences according to Sasang constitution (P = 0.300) or sexual difference (P = 0.163). Conclusion: No significant differences on the results of bee venom pharmacopuncture skin tests were observed according to two factors, Sasang constitution and the sexual difference.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.309-318
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the subacute intravenous toxicity of rHu-EPO in Sprague-Dawley rats. rHu-EPO was daily administered to male and female rats for 30 days with different dose levels(100, 500, 2,500 unit/ kg). After the administration period of 30 days, 5 males and 5females rats per each dose group were assigned for recovery period of additional 30 days. There were no clinical signs compared with control group but slight decrease in spontaneous motor activities and locomotions were observed at high dose groups of males and females. In males, feed consumption was reduced at 500 unit/kg and body weight gain was retarded. In the administration sites of tail, focal congestion was observed in a few animals treated with rHu-EPO. No deaths were occurred during the course of study. In hematological examination. a significant increase of hemoglobin and hematocrit was observed in the males and females rats receiving high dose of rHu-EPO. rHu-EPO administration for 30 days showed a marked decrease in glucose concentration. At the highest dose groups, there was a significant incerase in the weights of spleens in both sexes. but this was considered to be related to its pharmacological activity. These results indicate that rHu-EPO does not induce any significant toxic effect on Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 days.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2000

Objectives : To determine which factors are related to young adults perception of their health. Two research questions were asked. Which aspects of health does self-perceived health as a index of general health reflect? Why do two individuals with the same level of general health have different health perceptions? Methods : The sampling frame comprised college or graduate school students, aged 20 to 29, who were members of A, one of the 4 biggest internet communication services. The questionnaires were sent to study samples(n=1,000) and answered by E-mail. Response rate was 37.0%. Results : Firstly, physical health ranked highest and self-perceived health ranked lowest. Secondly, health, anxiety, depression, and self-perceived health showed significant differences between the sexes, with women showing a higher health status in these categories except for self-perceived health. Thirdly, the two factors significantly related to self-perceived health were physical health and self-esteem, as determined by multivariate analysis, Conclusions : The factors significantly related to self-perceived health were physical health and self-esteem. Further studies of the health characteristics of young adults are needed.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 1999

This study was conducted on a sampling of 700 mixed college students from seven different schools nationwide by written questionnaire to evaluate the value system of convenience foods among Korean college students. Korean students put value on the following categories of convenience foods in order; convenience, taste, price, appearance, appliance to daily life, variety, locality, nutritional value, originality, improvement required, cleanliness and tradition. Significant differences between the sexes occurred in categories as cleanliness and convenience, since females considered convenience foods as convenient but not so clean (safe to eat). This study also conducted factor analysis on 24 individual convenient foods. Noodles laid emphasis on nutritional value; where refrigerated foods, ready to eat (RE) side dishes, on-the-spot kimbab, and sandwiches focused on cleanliness. Noodles. cereal, and instant soup focused on price. Frozen pizza, noodles, retort, RE meat, ham, fish cakes were dependent on locality and traditionality. Noodles, instant food, and packed kimchi scored highly on convenience. Frozen fried rice, retort, instant porridge, instant rice, RE meat, cereal, instant soup, and RE side dishes on consumption on a regular basis. Cereal, refrigerated foods, and RE side dishes laid emphasis on taste. Noodles, instant rice, cereal, ham, and RE side dishes focused on variety. Retort, RE meat, ramen, cereal, ham, and on the spot sandwiches looked to originality, while canned foods was recognized as ‘needing improvement’.