• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.611-619
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• 2007

In this study, the droplet size distribution of a slit injector at different surrounding conditions, such as air flow and fuel temperature, were investigated. Phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) was utilized to investigate the initial droplet size distribution and the effect of fuel temperature and air flow on droplet size distribution. The entrained air motion was also evaluated by the temporal velocity profile of droplets. When the air flow velocity increased, the small droplets were more entrained to the upper and central parts of the spray and this tendency was confirmed by plotting the temporal velocity profile of droplets. This entrainment of small droplets at high airflow velocities caused relatively small mean droplet size at upper and central parts of the spray and the large mean droplet size at downstream and edge of the spray, compared to that of low airflow velocities. The total mean droplet size, obtained by averaging the size of all droplets measured at all test locations, decreased when the high airflow velocities were applied. The increased fuel temperature, with an airflow velocity of 10m/s, caused reduced droplet size at all test locations. However, the decreased value of mean droplet size at high fuel temperatures was relatively higher at upper parts of the spray, compared to downstream, as a result of enhanced entrainment of small droplets to upper parts of the spray.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2021

This paper present a three-dimensional unit cell finite element analysis to predict the pull-out behavior of a single stitch in a composite laminate. The stitching process used for this study correspond to the I-fiber stitching method that has been studied by the Composite Structures Lab (CSL) as a new through-thickness reinforced method. A total of six cases were analyzed, which were divided in two groups by the stitching yarn used, 6k and 12k. Each group of cases have three different thickness according to the amount of plies; 16 plies, 32 plies and 64 plies. The finite element analysis used the cohesive zone method to characterize the single stitch reinforcement in the interface. Due to the complexity of the load vs displacement curves taken from the experimental results, a bilinear and trilinear bridging laws were implemented in the models. The cohesive parameters used for each case showed a good agreement with the experimental data and can be used for future studies.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2021

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the remanufacturing of mechanical parts using metal additive manufacturing processes in regards to resource recycling and carbon neutrality. DED (directed energy deposition) process can create desired metallic shapes on both even and uneven substrate via line-by-line deposition. Hence, DED process is very useful for the repair, retrofit and remanufacturing of mechanical parts with irregular damages. The objective of the current paper is to investigate the effects DED process parameters, including the effects of power and the scan speed of the laser, on deposition and residual stress characteristics for remanufacturing of mechanical parts using experiments and finite element analyses (FEAs). AISI 1045 is used as the substrate material and the feeding powder. The characteristic dimensions of the bead shape and the heat affected zone (HAZ) for different deposition conditions are obtained from the experimental results. Efficiencies of the heat flux model for different deposition conditions are estimated by the comparison of the results of FEAs with those of experiments in terms of the width and the depth of HAZ. In addition, the influence of the process parameters on residual stress distributions in the vicinity of the deposited region is investigated using the results of FEAs. Finally, a suitable deposition condition is predicted in regards to the bead formation and the residual stress.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2014

Lysimachia foenum-graecum (LF) has been used for home remedy of common cold and headache in China. Foenumoside B from LF has been reported for anti-obesity effects. We used foenumoside B as a marker for content evaluation of different parts of LF. Ethanol extract of LF was used for isolation of foenumoside B and purified further by column chromatography. The structure was identified as foenumoside B by interpretation of spectroscopic analysis, including $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR and FT-ICR-MS. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to compare the quantitative level of foenumoside B in different parts of LF. Foenumoside B contents in the leaf, stem, and aerial part showed significant differences. Contents of foenumoside B was detected highly in the leaf extracts. The results would be useful for efficient extraction of foenumoside B in LF.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2008

Combined phase transformation and heat transfer was considered on the simulation of hot press forming process, using material properties modeler, $JMatPro^{(R)}$ and a finite element package, $DEFORM^{TM}$-HT. In order to obtain high temperature mechanical properties and flow curves for different phases, a material properties modeler, $JMatPro^{(R)}$ was used, avoiding expensive and extensive high temperature materials tests. The results successfully show that the strength of hot press forming parts may exhibit different strength in the same parts, depending on the contact of blank with tooling. It was also shown effectively that the strength of the parts can be controlled by designing appropriate cooling paths and coolants. This was shown in terms of different heat convection coefficient in the calculation. Overall, current combination of software was shown to be an effective tool for the tool and process design of hot forming process, although the material modeler needs to be additionally verified by an appropriate set of high temperature materials test.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2015

This study compared the nutritional composition and antioxidative activities of different parts (aerial part and root) of Taraxacum coreanum and Taraxacum officinale. To identify the nutrient composition of different parts of Daedelion species, nutrient contents were analyzed. Crude ash, protein, and fat contents of T. coreanum and T. officinale were higher in the aerial part compared to the root. There was no significant difference in crude ash, protein, or carbohydrate content of the aerial part depending on the Daedelion species. Aerial part contents of vitamin A, E, and C were significantly higher in T. coreanum than T. officinale. The K content of the aerial part of T. coreanum and T. officinale was highest, although there was no significant difference among Daedelion species. Contents of oxalic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid in the aerial part of T. coreanum were highest. Contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the aerial part were significantly higher in T. coreanum than T. officinale. In conclusion, the aerial part of T. coreanum and T. officinale could be used as antioxidative functional food sources.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2009

This study was conducted to measure the total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities of different potato plants parts, varieties, and grades, and by distribution and different cooking conditions. The results were as follows. For the plant parts, total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were highest in the flowers followed by leaves and stems, respectively. Among 5 potato varieties, 'Jasim' had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the activity of its pulp was lower than that of its cortex(peel). Regardless of potato grade, the cortexes(peel) of samples had two-fold higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than pulp, and the Grade SS potato had the highest phenolic content. It was also found that the bud ends and stem ends had comparably larger amounts of phenolic compounds in horizontally cut potatoes. Finally, the descending order for DPPH radical scavenging activity, according to different cooking conditions, was as follows: gas oven range-baking, frying, microwave-heating, sauteing, boiling in 1% saline solution, steaming, and boiling in 3% saline solution.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-62
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• 1972

리기다소나무는 미국(美國)으로부터 우리나라에 도입(導入)하여 온지 60여년(餘年)의 세월이 흐르는 동안 오늘날에는 중요(重要)한 조림수종(造林樹種)으로 발전(發展)하였고 이미 국내(國內)에서는 상당량(相當量)의 목재생산(木材生産)이 이루지고 있기 때문에 합리적(合理的)인 목재이용(木材利用)을 위(爲)해서는 그 기본적(基本的)인 성질연구(性質硏究)가 필연적(必然的)으로 요청(要請)되고 있다. 따라서 본연구(本硏究)에서는 리기다소나무의 목재해부학적(木材解剖學的), 물리학적(物理學的), 기계학적성질(機械學的性質)을 구명(究明)키로 한 것이다. 본연구(本硏究)에서 사용(使用)한 공시목(供試木)은 서울대학교(大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 부속수원연습림내(附屬水原演習林內)에 위치(位置)하고 있는 46~52년생(年生)의 리기다소나무임분(林分)에서 정상적(正常的)으로 생장(生長)한 15개림목(個林木)을 선정(選定)하였는데 5개림목(個林木)은 해부학적(解剖學的) 연구(硏究)를 위(爲)해서 1967년(年) 2월(月)에 대채(代採)하였다. 이들 시험목(試驗木)은 간(幹), 지(枝), 근(根), 초두목(梢頭木)의 성질연구(性質硏究)를 위(爲)해서 수목(樹木)의 모든 재부분(材部分)을 채취(採取)하였다. 이 연구(硏究)의 해부학적성질(解剖學的性質)에 있어서는 연륜(年輪), 수지구(樹脂溝), 방사조직(放射組織), 가도관(假導管), 방사가도관(放射假導管), 방사유세포(放射柔細胞) 및 막공등(膜孔等)의 육안적(肉眼的) 현미경적특징(顯微鏡的特徵)이 재부분(材部分)(간(幹), 지(枝), 근(根), 초두목(梢頭木))별(別)로 관찰(觀察)하고 측정(測定)하였다. 물리적(物理的) 그리고 기계적성질(機械的性質)에 있어서는 생재함수율(生材含水率), 목재비중(木材比重), 수축율(收縮率), 섬유평행방향(纖維平行方向)의 압축강도(壓縮强度), 섬유평행(纖維平行) 및 직각방향(直角方向)의 인장강도(引張强度), 경단(徑斷) 및 촉단방향(觸斷方向)의 전단강도(剪斷强度), 곡강도(曲强度), 할렬강도(割裂强度) 및 경도(硬度)에 관해서 연구(硏究)하였는데 본연구(本硏究)에서 얻은 결론(結論)은 다음과 같다. 1. 목재(木材)의 육안적성질(肉眼的性質)에 있어서 재부분간(材部分間)에 비교(比較)할수 있는 특성(特性)은 연륜(年輪)의 판명도(判明度), 연륜폭(年輪幅), 춘추재간(春秋材間)의 이행(移行), 재색등(材色等)이 가장 중요(重要)한 것이었다. 또 현미경적성질(顯微鏡的性質)에 있어서는 목재구성요소(木材構成要素)의 크기가 재부분간(材部分間)을 비교(比較)할수 있는 특징(特徵)이 되는데 가도관(假導管)의 장(長), 폭(幅), 막후(膜厚), 수지구(樹脂溝), 방사조직등(放射組織等)이 중요(重要)한 것이었다. 2. 재부분간(材部分間)에 비교(比較)된 현미경적특성(顯微鏡的特性)은 간재(幹材)와 초두목간(梢頭木間)에 비슷한 결과(結果)를 나타내었으나 근재(根材)는 촉단면상(觸斷面上)에서 다른 재부(材部)와 비교(比較)하여 일층(一層) 큰 방사조직(放射組織)이 관찰측정되었는데 단열방사조직최대(單列放射組織最大)의 것은 높이 27세포고(細胞高)($550{\mu}$)에 폭(幅)은 $35{\mu}$이었다. 그리고 방추상방사조직(紡錘狀放射組織)은 1~수개(數個)의 수평수지구(水平樹脂溝)를 내포(內包)하는 연합방사조직(連合放射組織)을 형성(形成)한다. 한편 지재(枝材)에 있어서 조직(組織)의 특징(特徵)은 간재(幹材)와 같았으나 구성요소(構成要素)의 측정치(測定値)가 다른 재부(材部)에 비(比)하여 일층(一層) 작었다. 3. 재부분간(材部分間)에 측정(測定)된 가도관(假導管)의 크기는 간재(幹材)에서 길이가 가장 길었고 지재(枝材)에서 가장 짧았다. 재부분가도관장간유의차(材部分假導管長間有意差)를 검정(檢定)한바 간재(幹材)와 근재간(根材間)에만 차이(差異)가 없었고 기타재부분간(基他材部分間)에는 모두 차이(差異)가 있었다. 가도관폭(假導管幅)은 근재부분(根材部分)이 가장 넓었고 지재부분(枝材部分)이 가장 좁았으나 재부분간(材部分間)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 막후(膜厚)는 근재(根材)가 가장 두꺼웠고 지재(枝材)가 가장 좁았는데 재부분간(材部分間)에는 근재(根材)와 초두목간(梢頭木間), 근재(根材)와 지재간(枝材間) 또 간재(幹材)와 지재간(枝材間)에는 차이(差異)가 있었으나 기타재부분간(基他材部分間)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 4. 입목(立木)의 생재함수율(生材含水率)은 초두목(梢頭木)이 가장 높았고 간재(幹材)의 심재부분(心材部分)이 가장 낮았다. 재부분별(材部分別) 함수량간유의차(含水量間有意差)를 검정(檢定)한바 초두목(梢頭木)과 기타재부분간(基他材部分間), 심재(心材)와 기타재부분간(基他材部分間)에 차이(差異)가 있었으나 근재(根材)와 지재간(枝材間) 그리고 근재(根材)와 변재간(邊材間)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 5. 목재(木材)의 비중(比重)은 간재(幹材)가 가장 높았고 다음은 근재(根材), 지재(枝材)의 순(順)이고 초두목(梢頭木)은 가장 낮았다. 재부분비중간유의차(材部分比重間有意差)를 검정(檢定)한바 간재(幹材)와 다른 재부분(材部分) 사이에는 뚜렷하게 차이(差異)가 있으며 근재(根材)와 지재(枝材)사이에는 차이(差異)가 없었고 초두목(梢頭木)은 제일작은 치(値)로서 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)된다. 6. 함수율(含水率) 14%때 재부분간(材部分間)의 섬유평행방향압축강도(纖維平行方向壓縮强度)를 비교(比較)하면 가장 높은 강도(强度)는 간재(幹材)에서 나타났고 다음은 지재(枝材), 근재(根材)의 순(順)이고 초두목(梢頭木)은 가장 낮은 강도(强度)를 나타내었다. 7. 함수율(含水率) 14%때 재부분간(材部分間)의 곡강도(曲强度)를 비교(比較)하면 지재(枝材)에서 뚜렷하게 높은 강도(强度)를 나타내었으며 다음은 간재(幹材), 지재(枝材), 근재(根材)의 순(順)이고 초두목(梢頭木)은 가장 낮은 강도(强度)를 나타내었다. 특(特)히 지재(枝材)는 간재(幹材)보다 낮은 비중(比重)을 갖이고 있었는데도 불구(不拘)하고 높은 곡강도(曲强度)를 나타내었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2013

제품은 하나 이상의 부품으로 구성되어 있으며, 제품을 구성하는 부품들은 같은 기능을 갖는 경우도 있다. 부품통합설계 가설에 의하면 같은 기능을 하는 부품은 하나의 부품으로 통합될 수 있다. 제품을 구성하는 부품은 하나 이상의 기능을 가지고 있는 경우가 있으며, 부품의 형상 자체가 기능이 되거나 부품의 재질이 갖는 특성이 기능이 되기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 부품이 가지고 있는 기능을 정의하는 방법을 제시하고, 제시된 방법에 의하여 확인된 부품의 기능들 중에서 동일 기능을 갖는 부품을 통합하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 제시된 방법을 이용하여 종이에 구멍을 뚫는 3 공 천공기를 구성하는 부품들을 통합해 보았으며 그 결과는 공리적 설계를 만족하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권9_10호
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• pp.1316-1328
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in recognition of sexy body parts and apparel designs by gender and correlations between sexy body parts and apparel designs. Data were collected through a survey of 265 males and 303 females. Data were analyzed by included t-tests, f-tests, and Pearson's correlations. The results were as follows: 1. Females found male body parts were sexier than males did. Males found female body parts were sexier than females did. 2. Females found men's clothing designs were sexier than males did. Also, males recognized women's clothing designs as sexier than females did. 3. Males found see-through and body-consciousness, the methods of designing sexy styles, were sexier than females did. Differences in sexy color recognition by gender were also found. 4. There were correlations between most of sexy body parts and designs which emphasized that body parts. The results of this study shows the differences in recognition and correlation by gender. The results may be applied to develope sexy designs for different genders.