• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.240-247
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• 2014

This study was conducted as a restoration research in a mountain stream of hydrologic cycle system, which is a type of microsites purposely changing vegetation. The status of vegetation in the three experimental sites, water purification site, small dammed pole site, and aquatic plant restoration site, and one control site within the area of the mountain forest stream were investigated in three different periods, namely before sites restoration, year of sites restoration, and year after sites restoration. After one year of restoration, number of vegetation was increased in the small dammed pool and control site respectively. Vegetation coverage ratio of Zizania latifolia was increased at the water purification area. The effects of habitats restoration appeared to be good a year after the restoration of the experimental sites, in terms of families and species composition of the introduced vegetation, and stream flow. Therefore, the results of the study strongly suggest that fairly effective ways to restore and reproduce degrading mountain hydroecological habitats are by way of forming pool sites and small dams in intermittent mountain streams and re-vegetating with selected plants.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.7 s.168
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• pp.583-592
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• 2006

There has been debated on the fact that a scour hole produced by the construction of a groyne has environmental benefits such as provision of diverse underwater habitats and shelter for fish in the event of flooding. Therefore researches are focusing on the scour field around the groyne area beyond the existing safety issues. The scour area on aquatic habitats would format many form on groyne conditions so that the analysis of scour area is strongly required. This study conducted the experiments on permeability and installation angle of groyne and suggested the data for groyne selection in environmental point as analyzing scour area. The physical modeling was performed in different permeability (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) and installation angle of groyne ($60^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;120^{\circ}$). As the result of the study, scour area and scour depth at maximum scour condition was revealed for each case and suggested the differences according to experiment conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.203-207
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• 2003

Amphibian biodiversity, community structure and habitats were surveyed in the Mt. Myungji area from April 2002 to March 2003. During the survey period 2orders, 4 families, 7 species of amphibians were observed. Bombina orientalis (DI =45.1%) was dominant and Bufo stejnegeri (DI = 12.8%), Rana rugosa and Rana dybowskii (DI = 9.9% each) Rana nigromaculata and Rana huanrenensis (DI 1.4% each), and Onycodactylus fisheri (DI = 7.0%) followed. Frequency of occurrence of O. fisheri and B. stejnegeri was largely different according to the altitude and human residence in their habitats.R. nigromaculata and R. huanrenensis showed low frequency of occurrence (<10%) suggesting the decrease in habitation density in this area. The species richness (R'), general diversity (H'), and evenness (E') of amphibians in this area were 0.98, 2.12, and 0.76, respectively, suggesting relatively healthy condition of amphibian community in this area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 2015

A dramatic decline in the abundance of the scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) has been observed across most of its geographic range. In order to evaluate the influence of land cover patterns and their changes on scaled quail abundance, we examined landscape patterns and their changes from the 1970s to the1990s in two large ecoregions with contrasting population trends: (1) the Rolling Plains ecoregion with a significantly decreased scaled quail population and (2) the South Texas Plains ecoregion with a relatively stable scaled quail population. The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Land Use/Land Cover data were used to quantify landscape patterns and their changes based on 80 randomly located $20{\times}20km^2$ windows in each of the ecoregions. We found that landscapes in the Rolling Plains and the South Texas Plains were considerably different in composition and spatial characteristics related to scaled quail habitats. The landscapes in the South Texas Plains had significantly more shrubland and less grassland-herbaceous rangeland; and except for shrublands, they were more fragmented, with greater interspersion among land cover classes. Correlation analysis between the landscape metrics and the quail-abundance-survey data showed that shrublands appeared to be more important for scaled quail in the South Texas Plains, while grassland-herbaceous rangelands and pasture-croplands were essential to scaled quail habitats in the Rolling Plains. The decrease in the amount of grassland-herbaceous rangeland and spatial aggregation of pasture-croplands has likely contributed to the population decline of scaled quails in the Rolling Plains ecoregion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2004

This study was carried out to understand the bird community and habitat using condition in the Gildong natural ecological park, from April 2001 to March 2002. In this study, 63 species and 2,075 individuals were observed respectively. The dominant species were Paradoxornis webbianus(33.6%), Emberiza elegans 18.5%), Parus major(6.4%), Pica pica(6.0%), and the diversity of the species was 2.511. With migration, the highest number and percentage to the lowest was residents, summer visitors, winter visitors and passage migrants. Among 17 species which bred in the Gildong natural ecological park, hole(H) was 47.1%, canopy(C) was 41.1% and bush(B) was 11.8% in their nesting guilds. In foraging guilds in breeding season was canopy(c) was 45.7%, water(w) was 23.9% and bush(c) was 15.2%, and, in non-breeding season, canopy was 43.5%, water 23.9% and bush 21.7%. For the habitats of the birds in the Gildong natural cological park, reservoir area was used by herons, ducks and sandpiper, wetland area was used by Lanius bucephalus, Paradoxornis webbianus and buntings, grassland area was used by Paradoxornis webbianus and buntings, and forest area was used by Streptopelia orientalis, woodpeckers and tits. The number of species and individuals of birds observed in the Gildong natural ecological park was higher than other urban parks. We suggest that this was attributed to different habitats such as reservoir, wetland, grassland and forest area constructed in the Gildong natural ecological park.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2017

Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw. is an exquisite epiphytic orchid of the Kolli Hills (Eastern Ghats) of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. It is fast disappearing from its natural habitats due to deforestation and low germination rate in natural habitat. In the present study, an attempt was made to germinate the seeds from un-dehisced capsule of Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw under in vitro condition. The seed germination and protocorm development were recorded in three different well known media namely Knudson C (KC), Half strength Murashige & Skoog (1/2 MS) and Vacin & Went (VW) media. The highest seed germination of 90% was observed KC basal media after $30^{th}$ days whereas germination percentages were 40% and 30% on 1/2 MS and VW media respectively. The well-developed protocorm were transferred to KC media supplemented with 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) where BAP (1.0 mg/l) and NAA (1.0 mg/l) together were found to be optimum for the highest shoot formation. About 90% of the shoots found to be well rooted after transfer to the KC medium differently supplemented with 1.5 mg/l Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Though rooting also took place in the two basic media but the duration was longer when compared with the hormone-supplemented media. The rooted plantlets were hardened and kept under greenhouse conditions which can be relocated in natural habitats.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.400-420
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• 2019

The aims of the study were to analyze (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) on the spatial distribution and soil seed banks (SSB) diversity and density, (2) the effects of environmental factors on SSB diversity and density (number of seeds in the soil per unit area), and (3) the effects of animal fecal droppings on SSB diversity, density, and dispersal. Aboveground vegetation data were collected from different Prosopis-infested habitats from quadrats (20 × 20 m) in Prosopis thickets, Prosopis + native species stand, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. In each Prosopis-infested habitats, soil samples were collected from the litter layer and three successive soil layer, i.e., 0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, and 6-9 cm. Seeds from soil samples and animal fecal matter were separated in the green house using the seedling emergence technique. Invasion of Prosopis had significant effects on the soil seed bank diversity. Results revealed that the mean value of the Shannon diversity of non-invaded woodlands was being higher by 19.2%, 18.5%, and 11.0% than Prosopis thickets; Prosopis + native species stand and open grazing lands, respectively. The seed diversity and richness, recovered from 6-9-cm-deep layer were the highest. On the other hand, the density of Prosopis seeds was the highest in the litter layer. About 156 of seeds/kg (92.9%) of seeds were germinated from cattle fecal matter. However, in a small proportion of seedlings, 12 of seeds/kg (7.1%) were germinated from shot fecal matter. Thus, as the seeds in the soil were low in the study areas, in situ and ex situ conservation of original plants and reseeding of persistent grass species such as Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon plumulosus, and Brachiaria ramosa are recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2004

This study was carried out to develop new varieties with early maturing and large fruit size in the Korean native dogwood (Cornus kousa) for woody landscape plants from native sites or cultivated area. The results are obtained as follows; We selected strains with early maturing and large fruit. size from the habitats from 2000 to 2003. ‘SKK 2-1’ had 4.0cm of fruit size while 2.0 cm of native variety. In addition, ‘SKK 2-2’, ‘SKK 2-3’, ‘SKK 2-4’, and ‘SKK 2-5’ with large fruit and early maturing were preliminary selected from the habitats. In the preliminary selections, ‘SKK 2-1’ was finally selected as new early maturing variety with large fruits in 2003. New early maturing variety with large fruit size, C. kousa var. ‘SKK 2-1’ was selected from 200 plants of 5-year-old seedlings in C. kousa in 5-12 Nung wean ri Goo sung myun Yong In, Kyung gi do, Korea in 2000. Their fruits were colorized in September 18, 20∼25 days earlier than October 7 of native varieties. Its fruit diameter is larger than 4cm. Its fruit weight was 5 times as heavy as native cultivars grown in Korea. This useful characters were still inherited after grafting. However, characteristics of growth, leaf, flower, and flowering period were not different from those of native varieties. Therefore, it was very promising landscape woody plant, having large fruits in early fall season. The rooting rate of Korean dogwood was high by the IBA treatment. The optimum date for softwood cutting was on June 25 ∼ July 25 when the rooting rate was more than 80%. In addition. Korean dogwood was easily propagated by grafting. Therefore, new early maturing variety with large fruits, C. kousa var. ‘SKK 2-1’ is easily propagated by softwood cutting or grafting and then is a promising cultivar as a woody landscape plant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

Water-Birds are the birds that occupy the highest proportion in Korea, inland wetlands and reservoirs provide them with a good environment as habitat, but their habitats have been losing because of thoughtless development. Therefore, artificial plant islands in reservoirs are important for improving habitat environment and providing food resources. However, there are no research and standards on the built and management of artificial plant islands. So this study is to find out the density of bird using artificial plant island as habitat through monitoring using UAV focus on the Cheonho-reservoirs located in Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si(Middle Chungcheong Province). Further, the correlation analysis with environmental factors was conducted to determine the effect of artificial plant islands as habitats for water-birds. The supervised classification of the three-time images taken by the drone identified 244 white-billed ducks and 46 mandarin ducks. The utilization rate was different for each photographed date, and more individuals were identified in wet artificial plant islands than dry ones. As a result of analyzing the utilization follow environmental factors, the distance from the trail showed a significant correlation, and the other factors did not have a statistically significant effect. This study is the first case of the UAV monitoring method of the water-birds using artificial plant islands in the reservoir, and can be used as the basic data for the built and management.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

Stem and root of elm trees have used as traditional medical materials, but there is little information on the distribution and resources of habitats. Korean native growing Ulmus spp. (U. davidiana var. Japonica, U. parvifolia, U. davidiana, and U. macrocarpa) genetic resources studied through The National Forest Inventory of Korea data and field survey. The distributions of U. davidiana var. japonica according to elevation distributed evenly. Both U. parvifolia and U. davidiana were inhabited mostly at less than 200 m of altitude. Each Ulmaceae species widely were distributed nationwide, but a dominant species was different depending on locals. It observed that Ulmaceae inhabits mainly in steep slopes of 31-45 degrees. Most of the habitats regenerated by natural seeding and the most abundant species were a codominant tree. Distribution of trees in U davidiana var. japonica was 7 m-13 m, and in young U. parvifolia and U. macrocarpa, more than 25% of young trees less than 7 m observed. The distribution of the diameter of breast height of the U. davidiana var. japonica was 46.4% for 11-20 cm, 52.6% for 11-20 cm in U. parvifolia. The average T/R ratio was 0.83, and the mean weight ratio of root bark was 62%. As the results of this study, the domestic Ulmaceae biomassare very small. It is difficult to harvest in that the habitat on the slope. Thus, it is too hard to develop functional materials using biomass at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for the selection and propagation of elite trees of Ulmaceae.