• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the nutrition education and diet contents presented in toddler picture books. The study was conducted from August to October 2015 and examined five of Korea's major online bookstores. Finally, we analyzed 296 books, and 67 books contained dietary life contents. The contents of nutrition education were mainly about eating an even diet and keeping good table manners. However, contents of specific, practical dietary guidelines were not included. Therefore, it is recommended to eat a variety of vegetable side dishes at every meal, eat on time and not eat salty, sweet and fatty foods. Most parenting styles on feeding practice for nutrition education were dictatorial. To make parenting styles more effective, the parents' style should be more desirable. In order to provide internal motivation for toddlers and have a positive education effect, teaching methods on eating using picture books should be presented in a positive way. Food often appearing in picture books were vegetables, but green leafy vegetables were hardly observed. Foods that frequently showed up in picture books were pastries, which reflect Westernized food culture.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.229-244
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• 2005

Objectives: An investigative effort was made to provide basic data upon which effective public health education can be constructed for schools. Methods: The research was made by delivering self-administered questionnaires to 536 men and women with unknown names from a national university during 1-month period on September of 2004. The questionnaire items included preventive attitudes, interests, anxiety, health behavior, consciousness, etc. centering upon life-style related diseases. Results and Conclusions: The preventive attitudes against life-style related diseases was of a higher level in female than male students, The smaller number of students had knowledge of the definition of life-style related diseases, willingness to learn, and gathered information on them. The number of students who had anxiety about them was also small and as low as 54.3% of students were willing to undertake periodic health examination. A great variation ranging from 4.7% to 81.7% was shown in the accuracy rate of answers on the questions asking about three leading causes of death, overconsumption of dietary salt, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and colon cancer. With regard to health behaviors, a smaller number of students were involved in health behaviors. On the other hand, $25.7{\sim}35.1%$ of students had everyday exercises and breakfasts, 65.5% had no tobacco use. The study results showed that the survey subjects had deficient knowledge as well as a low level of preventive attitudes and interests against life-style related diseases. Moreover, their health behavior and health consciousness were undesirable apart from their low rates of taking periodic health examinations. Accordingly, the college students should be encouraged to take health education and to make more effective the existing health education in the university.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2003

Iron deficiency and anemia are severe nutrition problems in most of Korea. Iron intake, especially iron with better bioavailability is insufficient over a total age group. Recent changes in diet and life style of Koreans have been repeatedly suggested problems caused by excess nutrient intake rather than under intake. Despite the changes in diet patterns, iron deficient anemia is still prevalent in many parts of Korea. Eight hundred and fifty subjects (323 male and 527 female subjects) in Asan were recruited from farming, factory and urban area. Each subject was interviewed to assess nutrients intakes according to a 24hr-recall method. Twelve hour fasting blood samples were collected to vacutainer with EDTA for hemoglobin (Hb) and separate the tubes for serum iron (SI) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). The mean serum iron value of female subjects in the factory area was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the female subjects in the urban area although subjects in urban area showed significantly higher the dietary iron intake for both the men and woman (p < 0.05). Dietary iron intake for the younger women was lowest in the farming area and those in the urban area showed the highest dietary iron intake (p < 0.05). When the dietary iron intake was compared by different the age groups, dietary iron intake of the older women from animal sources was less than that of younger women in the urban area (p < 0.05). Dietary iron intake of Asan residents was not sufficient regardless of age, sex and regions and intake of heme iron was especially lower than nonheme iron. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 37∼43, 2003)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits, and to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and certain blood parameters in premenopausal and postmenopausal women living in Daejeon. Adult Korean females(n=110) that had visited the Health Promotion Center of Eulji University Hospital were analyzed. We examined blood parameters, body composition, and life style factors such as food habits and physical activity in pre- and post-menopausal women. The collected data were then analyzed to evaluate the various items. Overall, there were no differences between the pre- and post-menopausal women for food habit score, or for intakes of energy, protein, Int, iron, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C, and calcium. However, carbohydrate intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal women than in the premenopausal women. The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs), in terms of energy, fat, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin $B_1$, were less than 100% in both the premenopausal women and postmenopausal women. All intakes of protein, iron, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and vitamin C satisfied the KDRIs in both groups. Finally, the postmenopausal women had higher serum fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels than the premenopausal women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older. The study subjects (n=1,435) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2011. RESULTS: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study: 'Traditional Korean' (37.49% of total population), 'Meat and Alcohol' (19.65%) and 'Westernized Korean' (42.86%). The (1) 'Traditional Korean' pattern was characterized by high consumptions of white rice and low protein, low fat, and low milk products, while (2) 'Westernized Korean' pattern ate a Korean-style diet base with various foods such as noodles, bread, eggs and milk, (3) 'Meat and Alcohol' pattern had high consumptions of meat and alcohol. In body composition changes, compared with the 'Traditional Korean' pattern, the 'Meat & alcohol' pattern was associated with a 50% increased risk of having elevated BMI ($kg/m^2$), 'Westernized Korean' pattern was associated with a 74% increased abnormality of ASM/Wt (kg) by logistics analysis. Most of the Korean adult population continues to follow ether a traditional Korean having beneficial effects for successful aging. However, the 'Traditional Korean' pattern showed low protein intake (0.7 g/kg), calcium intake, and vitamin D intake as well as low of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM (kg)) among 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low ASM, consumption of protein, calcium and vitamin D should be increased for Korean elderly health body composition.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.607-614
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles, according to exercise habits, of female university students in the Jeonju area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 285 students, and the statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows. The weight, height, and BMI averages of the regular exercise and non-exercise groups were 53.05 kg, 162.46 cm, and 20.23, and 50.81 kg, 161.46 cm, and 19.48, respectively. The breakfast skipping ratio was higher in the non-exercise group than the exercise group. More than 72% of the exercise and 71% of the non-exercise group responded to regularly having lunch at the university canteens or restaurants around campus. Approximately 70% of the exercise and 71% of the non-exercise group responded to having dinner irregularly, which was mainly caused by reasons such as 'irregularity of life style' and 'appointments with friends'. The snack intake ratios of the exercise and non-exercise groups were high, but the exercise group ate more fruit, yogurt, and milk than the non-exercise group. The favorite sports of the exercise group were 'walk(jogging)', 'yoga', 'bicycle,' 'swim,' etc. In particular, 5.3% of the exercise group had ridden a bicycle to the university. More than 97% of the students were non-smokers. About 14% of the exercise and 15% of the non-exercise group rank alcohol once or twice a week. The exercise group did not show exceptional health-oriented dietary behaviors in comparison to the non-exorcise group. Therefore, an exercise-oriented nutrition education program would be beneficial to the students, in order to improve their dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.957-966
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• 1999

Underreporting of dietary intake is common and might distort analysis and interpretation of dietary surveys. This study was designed to investigate the degree of underreporting and characterastics of under-reporting group in Korean college female students. Dietary survey of 1-day 24-hour recall method was conducted on 379 college students in Seoul and Chonan areas. Physical activity and life style were aquired from questionnnaires. Underreporting was defined as energy intake(EI) lower than 0.9BMR(based metabolic rate), since EI<0.98BMR is statistically judged as bias in 1-day 24 hour recall. BMR was calculated from Schofield's equation. Proportion of underreporting was 18.7% and it's not so different from one of American or European women. Intake of nutrients except vitamin A by underreporting group was lower than other groups(p<0.001). Proportions of subjects with nutrient intake level less than 75% of Korean RDA were more than 80% in protein, Ca, Fe, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, zinc as well as energy. Dietary quality of underreporting group was also worse than other groups. Proportion of subjects less than 3 food groups among 5 food group was higher in underreporting group. The number of foods eaten by underreporting group were also less than those of other groups. BMI and body weight were the largest in underreporting group(p<0.05) and the trial of weight reduction was shown higher trend(p<0.01). Different in PAC and other characteristics between underreporting group and other group were not significant. Not only dietary quantity but also dietary quality were worse in the underreporting group. Furthermore underreporting in college female students seemed to be affected by body weight and concern for weight reduction.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2001

This study was conducted to provide current information on dietary behaviors and dish preferences of elementary school children and to suggest guidelines for proper dietary behaviors. To accomplish study objectives survey was executed using the questionnaire for 420 fifth and sixth grade school children, chosen from schools in Kangwha-gun and East River District of Seoul. A questionnaire largely consists of categories including general characteristics, dietary behavior and preferences of the subjects for some dishes. Results showed 30％ of the subjects had breakfast irregularly. A majority of the subjects took Korean style dishes of cooked rice and soup for breakfast. fifty-eight percent of subjects had a regular meal time. Imbalanced diet(avoiding specific flood group thereby causing unbalance in nutrient intake) habit group was estimated to be 47.3%. Twenty one percent had a habit of overeating. In choosing the snack, taste was considered to be a more important factor than nutrition. Advertisement of the snack was shown to be one of the Important factors in selecting the snack. The girls were more concerned about weight control than the boys. Also the girls were likely to rely on the diet to control weight since they exercised only in the physical c1ass while the boys exercised regularly. Generally, children liked animal protein containing foods and the preference for vegetables was low. In order to improve overall dietary behavior, systematic nutrition education programs reflecting sex difference should be developed. Dish preference data would be very useful in selecting substitutive dish for the s[hoof lunch menu to improve imbalanced diet. (J Community Nutrition3(2) : 69∼76, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.741-748
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and dietary habits of women divers in Tongyoung area and to support the guideline for the improvement of their dietary life style by a validation of a Computerized Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionaire. Compared to the women at Jeju Island, the Tongyoung divers showed similar heights (154.6 $\pm$ 0.8 cm), weights (53.5 $\pm$ 1.0 kg) and BMIs (23.3 $\pm$0.4) , but they showed especially high levels of body fat (33.8 $\pm$ 0.8) . Their dietary habits showed they usually skipped lunch, but ate too much food at once, which may represent the dietary habits shown by obese people. Over 40% of the divers were taking some nutritious food or complementary food for health, without realizing the efficacy of these foods. The analysis of nutritional intake showed that all of average daily nutrients intakes of those below 50 years were higher than those of the Korean RDA. In the case of those above 50 years, it was shown that the average daily nutrients intakes were also higher than those of the Korean RDA except for energy (94.5%) and calcium (82.1%) . However, some individual divers showed lower nutrients intakes than 75% of RDA for calcium, iron, Vitamin A and Vitamin B$_2$. Also, excessive intakes of phosphorous and sodium could be a dietary problem. There was no correlation between BMI or percentage of body fat and energy, CHO, protein or fat. These results can provide the nutritional information for this special community, women divers, to improve their health.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.75-87
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the effect of children's dietary quality, dietary habits, food behavior and health-related lifestyles according to the mother's lifestyles of health and sustainability (LOHAS). The subjects were 580 children. Mother's LOHAS attitude index was 66.85 points and 100 points was a perfect score. The mother's high LOHAS attitude items that children perceived were "My mother often communicates with the family"(3.99 points) and "My mother thinks that the family's health is more important than her health"(3.93 points). In contrast, the LOHAS attitude items for "My mother does community service activity on weekends"(2.78 points), and "My mother participates in environmental protection service activity for the local community"(2.78 points) were very low. The high LOHAS behavior index of mothers was "resource saving", whereas "social welfare" scored low. When self-perceived health status and monthly income of children was high, the mother's LOHAS score was high. The LOHAS attitude index of mothers had a meaningful impact on the children's dietary quality, dietary habits, food behavior and health-related lifestyles. The most frequent food behavior variables were "high skipping rate", "frequency of snacks is 2~4 times per week", "speed of eating is rapid", and 'meals' amount is sufficient. The highest daily life habits item was "I try to maintain a pleasant and enjoyable life style"(3.42 points). The highest nutrient intake attitude score was "I tend to eat rice everyday."(3.41 points). They were highly recognized with "moderate physical activity", "high exercise preference", "positive posture exercise", "exercise <2 days per week", and "over 30 minutes exercise time per day" for the exercise performance status items. It was verified that the higher mother's LOHAS lifestyle score is, the higher children's food behavior, daily life habits, nutrient intake, exercise performance state score are.