• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 1988

단백질의 수준과 종류, 지방의 수준에 따라서 나타나는 실험동물의 성장, 장기와 지방조직을 관찰하였으며 mitogen에 의한 lympocyte의 생산능력 및 PFC에 의한 면역능력을 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1) 실험1의 결과, 체중증가량과 장기 무게는 지방수준에 관계없이 6%의 casein을 섭취한 군이 15%나 30% casein군에 비하여 낮았다. 그러나 15%군과 30%군 사이에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2) 전체 실험을 통하여 본 연구에서는 단백질의 종류나 수준에 따른 면역능력의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 단백질의 수준이나 질에 관계없이 고지방식이(30%)를 섭취하였을 때가 저지방식이를 섭취하였을 때에 비하여 면역능력이 낮은 경향을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1737-1741
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to provide basic information to allow improved nutritional management for velvet production by investigating the effects of dietary protein levels on dry matter intake and production and chemical composition of velvet antler in spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Twenty-four spotted deer stags were assigned to 4 unreplicated groups, Control (15% CP in diet, higher dry matter), CP10 (10% CP), CP15 (15% CP) and CP20 (20% CP). The velvet antlers were harvested from each stag on the 55th day after casting of the buttons from the previous set, measured for their size and weight, and the chemical composition of each antler was determined in three sections (top, middle, and base). Dry matter (DMI) and crude protein (CPI) intake were highest (p<0.05) for the Control and increased progressively (p<0.05) with increasing dietary protein level. Although not significant, mean length and girth of the main antler beam tended to be larger in either left or right beam with increasing protein level in the diet, longest in CP20 and shortest in CP10. Velvet antler production was lowest in CP10 and highest in CP20, which differed significantly (p<0.05). Only negligible differences were found between groups in chemical composition. It is concluded that dietary protein clearly influenced dry matter intake and velvet antler production, whereas there was comparatively little effect of dietary protein on chemical composition of antler in spotted deer.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2021

Dietary protein requirements of abalone (Haliotis discus) depending on abalone size were determined and compared. One thousand and fifty small abalone (initial weight of 2.7 g) and five hundred forty large one (initial weight of 16.0 g) were distributed into 15 and 18 containers in Trial 1 and 2, respectively. Five and six experimental diets containing crude protein level from 20% to 40% and 20% to 45% with 5% increment of protein level for the small and large abalone were prepared and referred to as the CP20, CP25, CP30, CP35, CP40, and CP45 diets, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to abalone for 16 weeks in Trials 1 and 2. Specific growth rate (SGR) of the small abalone fed the CP20 diet was lower compared to that of abalone fed all other diets in Trial 1. Growth performance (weight gain and SGR) of the large abalone fed the CP30, CP35, and CP40 diets were greater than that of abalone fed the CP20, CP25, and CP45 diets in Trial 2. Dietary protein requirements were estimated to be 33.0% and 33.5% for the small and large abalone based on the 2^nd order polynomial analysis, respectively. Dietary protein requirements for the small abalone grown from 2.7 g to 7.4 g and the large one grown from 16 g to 21 g were estimated to be 33.0% and 33.5%, respectively. Size differences in abalone did not affect dietary protein requirement under this experimental conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1629-1634
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• 2008

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of low crude protein (CP) diets with constant metabolizable energy to crude protein (ME:CP) ratio on growth, body composition and nutrient utilization of broiler chicks from 1 to 26 days of age. Four dietary treatments having four levels of CP and ME as 23, 22, 21 and 20% and 3,036, 2,904, 2,772 and 2,640 kcal/kg, respectively, were formulated and a ME:CP ratio of 132 was maintained in all the diets. Digestible lysine was maintained at 1.10 of the diet. A total of 1,760 day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were randomly divided into 16 experimental units and each diet was offered to four experimental units at random. Feed intake was increased (p<0.05) while weight gain and feed conversion ratio were adversely affected (p<0.05) when the diets with low CP and ME were fed to broilers. Total protein intake and total ME intake were linearly decreased (p<0.05) and protein efficiency ratio and energy efficiency ratio were lower (p<0.05) than in the chicks fed dietary regimen with 22% CP and 2,904 kcal/kg ME. The whole body analysis of the birds revealed that chicks fed the lowest dietary regimens retained less (p<0.05) nitrogen and more ether extract than chicks fed the control diet, however, body dry matter, total body ash and fat free body protein were not affected. Similarly, protein and energy utilization were also unaffected by the dietary treatments. In summary, chicks fed low CP diets with constant ME:CP ratio grew slower, used feed less efficiently and retained less protein and more body fat than chicks fed the control diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.261-266
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• 1996

Carcass analysis of most economical parts of broilers were studied after they were fed with different protein levels of 16, 18, 20 and 23% for the starter period and 16, 18 and 20% for the grower period. The energy value of the feed was constant at 3,200 kcal ME/kg. The results for the starter and grower broilers showed similar pattern of responses. There were significant increased in weight gain, feed intake, protein intake, while there were significant decrease in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), abdominal fat and carcass fat when dietary protein increased. For the economical parts of the carcass, most of the fats were found in the thigh meat, while the lowest was found in the breast meat. The protein levels did not influence the meat production of the breast, drumstick and thigh portion. Increasing the protein intake, increased the broiler performance in relation to increased protein content of the breast, drumstick and thigh meat. The different fat contents of the meat might be due to differences in the rate of lipogenesis and fat deposition of the meat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.817-824
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein level on Ca efficiency in bone mineral density in growing male rats. Twenty male rate were divided into two groups. The rats in one group were fed on casein 20% diet as control group and the others were fed on casein 40% diet as protein group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. The total body, spine and femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured using dual energy-x ray absorptiometry. Urinary calcium, phosphate, pyridinoline and creatinine, serum calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocalcin were measured. Urinary Ca excretion, pyridinoline and crosslinks value and serum ALP content seem to be increased in high protein group. It appears that the growing rats in high protein group had a higher bone resprption and bone formation than those in control group. Animal fad a high protein diet had a siginficantly higher Ca efficiency in BMD, BMC of total body, spine and femur. The results of this show that increasing of dietary protein level (40%) is beneficial of improvement of Ca efficiency during growing period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.851-857
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• 1993

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is a major cause of the increased morbidity and mortality assciated with diabetes mellitus. The prominent role of nutrition in hypercholesteolemia and atherosclerosis is generally accepted. Diet is a key element in the management of diabetes (type I-IDDM), yet the appropriate diet for patient with diabetes mellitus is not well known. Dietary protein has been shown to have a significant effect on plasma cholesterol levels in both experimental animals and humans. The present experiment was designed to determine the effect of the dietary protein level(20% vs 60%) on plasma glucose concentration, lipids profile, insulin and glucagon levels from non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Results showed that a high protein diet decreased triglyceride concentration in diabetic rats. Also diabetic rats fed a high protein diet were hypocholesterolemic than rats fed a control diet. There were no effects by level of protein on fasting blood glucose concentration and insulin/glucagon ratio. Results from the present study suggest that a high protein diet may be beneficial to control pasma lipids in chemically-induced diabetic rats.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.643-649
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the adequacy of dietary fat and protein intakes among female college students. Daily intakes of energy, fat, protein, major amino acids and other nutrients were measured in 52 female college students. Daily energy intake was 75.8% of the recommended intake. Fat and protein consist 19.2% and 16.7% of the total calorie, respectively. The average protein consumption per day was 105% of the recommended intake. Essential amino acids intakes were more than the recommended amounts which appears in the 6th edition of Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. However, when the intake of each essential amino acid was compared to the recommended amino acid requirement pattern, these subjects did not meet the estimated requirements. There was a highly significant correlation between daily protein intake and lipid intake implying the major sources of protein in the diet were also major sources of fat. Daily intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin C, iron, and phosphorous were above the recommended levels of intake. However, blood hemoglobin concentration was marginal indicating dietary iron consumption is not a good marker for iron status. Also, calcium intake was only 63.5% of the recommended intake. Therefore, these results imply that main problems for these subjects are low energy consumption, low calcium intake, and the quality of protein. However, as opposed to the hypothesis, the main energy sources were not the food items high in saturated fats such as instant foods, which should be emphasized further.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.451-459
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the effect of sources of protein on iron bioavailability in 10 healthy young Korean women. The 18-day metabolic study consisted of a 6-day adaptation period, 6-day moderate protein(60g protein/day, 18mg Fe/day) and 6-day high protein period(90g protein/day, 18mg Fe/day). During the moderate and high protein period, 5 subjects were fed the high plant protein meals(80% plant protein). Fecal excretion of dietary iron was significantly higher(p<0.05) in high protein high plant diet group(HPP, 9.48$\pm$1.61mg/day) than in high protein high animal diet group (HPA, 14.40$\pm$0.89mg/day). Apparent absorption and bioavailability of iron was also significantly higher(p<0.10) in HPA(40.7$\pm$5.3%, 6.46$\pm$1.61mg/day) than in HPP(14.4$\pm$5.3%, 2.39$\pm$0.89mg/day). But there was no significant difference between the high animal protein group and high plant protein group in moderate protein period. Serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation increased as animal protein intake increased, from 106.0$\pm$5.1ug/이 and 30.6$\pm$1.5% for MPA to 129.1$\pm$6.7ug/이 and 37.1$\pm$1.3% for HPA. Statistically positive correlations were shown not only between the level of dietary heme iron and apparent absorption(r=0.95, p<0.05), but also between serum iron concentration and apparent absorption(r=0.64, p<0.05). Negative iron balance was shown in two subjects fed the moderate protein meals. These results suggest that recommanded dietary allowances of iron may be under the need to maintain the positive balance, and iron bioavaliability increase by only high level of animal protein intake.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

돌돔 사료의 적정 단백질 및 지질 함량을 구하기 위해 북양어분과 카제인을 단백원으로 하여 사료의 단백질 함량이 30, 40, 50 및 60%가 되도록 하고, 각 단백질 함량에 지질 함량이 8 및 16%가 되는 8종의 실험사료로 평균체중 7 g의 돌돔을 대상으로 8주간 사육 실험하였다. 사료의 단백질 함량에 따른 증체율 및 사료효율은 사료지질 8% 수준에서 사료단백질이 40% 이상인 사료구에서는 사료단백질 함량이 증가함에 따라 유의차 있게 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 사료지질 16% 수준에서는 사료단백질이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가, 사료단백질 50% 이상에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 사료지질 16% 수준에서 broken line model을 이용하여 증체율을 지표로 하여 돌돔의 적정 단백질 요구량을 구한 결과 46%로 추정되었다. 사료의 지질 함량에 따른 증체율은 사료단백질 40 및 50% 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 유의하게 높았으며, 사료효율은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 단백질 효율 및 단백질 축적율은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구가 높았다. 따라서 성장과 사료효율을 기준으로 볼 때 돌돔 사료의 적정 지질 함량은 16% 전후로 추정되었다. 전어체 및 등근육의 성분에서 단백질은 사료의 단백질 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 사료 단백질 40% 이상에서는 유의차가 없었으며, 지질은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구가 높았다. 간 및 내장의 성분에서 단백질은 사료의 단백질 함량에 따라 뚜렷한 경향이 없었지만, 지질은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 높았다.