• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2016

Objectives: This study estimated the adult Korean daily intake of acrylamide (AA) and investigated its relationship with demographic, lifestyle and dietary habits by using urinary concentrations of N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-cysteine (AAMA). Methods: Human data (n=1870) was collected in a nationwide cross-sectional biomonitoring program representing the population (18-69 years) residing in South Korea. Urinary AAMA was analyzed with a LC-MS/MS system. Daily intakes of AA were estimated using mass daily AAMA, which was calculated through urinary AAMA concentration and daily creatinine excretion. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS procedures for calculating geometric means, confidence intervals and the exponentiated beta coefficient of multiple linear regressions. Results: Daily intake of AA was estimated at $0.475{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW) per day (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.447-0.503). In the case of current smokers, AA intake was $0.957{\mu}g/kg$ BW per day (95% CI: 0.847-1.067), which was significantly higher than that of former smokers and never smoked (p<0.0001). The strong affecting factors were age (95% CI: 0.68-1.14; p=0.0180), education level (95% CI: 1.05-1.42; p=0.0163), body mass index (BMI) (95% CI: 1.00-1.82; p<0.0001), and smoking status (95% CI: 0.97-3.05; p<0.0001). Korean dietary habits increasing AA intake were coffee (p=0.0005), cup noodles (p=0.0010) and canned foods (p=0.0005). Meanwhile, foods decreasing AA intake were fresh fruit (p=0.0076), cooked beef (p=0.0335) and cooked pork (p=0.0147). Conclusion: The Korean daily intake of AA in adults was estimated to be similar with those found in developed countries. The factors increasing daily AA intake were coffee, cup noodles and canned foods, and decreasing factors were fresh fruit, cooked beef and cooked pork.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.767-773
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• 1994

1989년도 국민영양조사의 식품섭취조사에서 조사된 전국규모의 자료를 중심으로총 566종의 식품에 대해 식이성섬유소 분석치를 적용하여 그 섭취량을 분석한결과는 다음과 같다. 식이성섬유소의 섭취량은 전국이 17.53g, 도시평균이 17.91g, 대도시가 18.07g, 중소도시가 17.56g, 농촌이 16.61g으로 나타났으며, 이중 95% 정도를 식물성 식품으로 부터 섭취하고 있었다. 식품군별 식이성섬유소 섭취의 기여도는 채소류>곡류 및 그 제품>해조류>과실류>버섯류>두류 및 그 제품의 순이었다. 곡류 및 그 제품에서 가장 중요한 급원은 쌀로 전국평균이 12.2%였으며, 그 다음이 라면, 식빵, 보리쌀의 순이었으며, 해조류에서 가장 중요한 급원은 미역이었고, 그 다음이 김과 파래였다. 과실류에서는 사과와 감이 버섯류에서는 느타리버섯과 표고버섯이, 두류에서는 콩나물이 식이성섬유소의 중요한 급원이었다. 채소류는 식이성섬유소의 가장 중요한 급원으로, 전국의 경우 32.4%, 도시평균은 31.4%, 대소시에서는 30.8%, 중소도시에서는 33.0%, 농촌에서는 34.8%를 차지하였다. 그 중 가장 중요한 급원은 배추김치와 붉은 고추가 1, 2위를 차지하였다. 전국적으로 식이성섬유소 섭취량 분포를 보면 도수분포(Frequency distribution)의 계급구간을 5g으로 섭취하는 가구로 33.9%를 차지하엿고, 5g 이하나 35g 이상 섭취하는 가구도 0.8%와 5.2%를 나타내었다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.121-138
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• 2011

1962년 한국인 영양권장량의 제정부터 7차 개정을 거쳐 한국인 영양섭취기준으로 전환되고, 한국인 영양섭취기준이 개정되기까지 에너지를 중심으로 섭취권장량의 양적 변화 및 산출 방법 변화를 살펴보았다. 이에 근거하여 한국인의 에너지 섭취권장량의 개정 방향 및 설정 방법 등에 대하여 검토하고, 설정의 새로운 기법 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다. 에너지 섭취권장량은 기초대사량(또는 휴식대사량), 활동대사량, 식이성 발열효과의 3가지 요인을 합한 양이다. 1962년 체중을 대입하여 산출하는 공식으로 시작하여 95년에는 휴식대사량(체중 대입 산출)에 평균활동계수를 적용하는 공식으로 전환되었다. 그리고 2005년 연령, 체격(신장, 체중)과 함께 4단계 활동단계를 구분, 대입하여 산출하는 에너지필요추정량이라는 새로운 에너지 섭취권장량이 소개되었다. 1962년 제정 이후 50년이 조금 안 되는 기간 동안 다소의 차이는 있으나 모든 연령대에서 에너지 섭취권장량이 감소하였으며, 이는 생활환경의 변화 즉 활동(노동)량의 감소가 원인으로 생각된다. 비만 인구의 증가와 이에 따른 만성 질환 이환율이 증가함에 따라 에너지 섭취권장량만은 다른 영양소와 달리 개인별 산출 및 적용이 권고되고 있으며, 현재 개인별 산출이 가능하다. 에너지 섭취권장량의 보다 정확한 추정을 위하여 우리 국민 대상의 에너지 소비량 연구 결과를 적용한 우리 국민의 공식이 마련될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2016

This study evaluated the dietary lysine requirement by measuring the plasma free lysine concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after dorsal aorta cannulation. A basal diet containing 36.6 % crude protein (29.6 % crystalline amino acids mixture, 5 % casein and 2 % gelatin) was formulated to one of the seven L-amino acid based diets containing graded levels of lysine (0.72, 1.12, 1.52, 1.92, 2.32, 2.72 or 3.52 % dry diet). A total of 35 fish averaging $512{\pm}6.8g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were randomly distributed into seven groups with five fish in each group. After 48 h of feed deprivation, each group of fish was fed one of the experimental diets by intubation at 1 % body weight. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5 and 24 h after intubation. Post-prandial plasma free lysine concentrations (PPlys, 5 h after intubation) of fish fed diets containing ${\geq}2.32%$ lysine were higher than those of fish fed diets containing ${\leq}1.92%$ lysine. Post-absorptive free lysine concentrations (PAlys, 24 h after intubation) of fish fed diets containing 2.32 and 3.52 % lysine were higher than those of fish fed diets containing ${\leq}1.52%$ lysine. The brokenline regression analysis on the basis of PPlys and PAlys indicated that the lysine requirement of rainbow trout could be 2.34 and 2.20 % in diet. Therefore, these results strongly suggested that the dietary lysine requirement based on the broken-line model analyses of PPlys and PAlys could be greater than 2.20 % but less than 2.34 % (corresponding to be $6.01%{\leq},but{\leq}6.39%$ in dietary protein basis, respectively) in rainbow trout. Also, these results shown that the quantitative estimation of lysine requirement by using PPlys and PAlys could be an acceptable method in fish.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Accuracy of dietary assessment depends on correct estimation of quantity as well as correct data on composition of the products. Milk and soymilk were considered quite homogeneous in items of package size and composition. One serving size of fluid milk and soymilk is considered 200 mL but there are products with different amounts on the market. This study was conducted to investigate variations of amounts and composition of fluid milk and soymilk products of one portion siz on Korean market. Twenty-nine milk products were purchased and categorized into 8 groups-regular, low-fat, skim, chocolate, strawberry-flavored, banana-flavored, and black soybean-added. Sixteen fluid soymilk products were purchased and categorized into 4 groups-regular, infant, black sesame or black soybean added and others. Actual volume of each product was measured by mass cylinder and compositions of major nutrients on the package were compared to the values in the most widely used nutrient DB in Korea. Amounts of milk specified on the package of purchased products were 182.3-318.5 ml, the largest being banana-flavored milk. Amounts of soy milk were 184.3-240.5 mL, the largest being regular soymilk. Measured amount of each products were close to the amount on the package (<5%). Contents of macronutrients on the package were different from the food composition table in several products. The amounts of calcium varied greatly among the products due to the popularity of adding calcium to milk and soymilk products recently. These variations in the amount and contents of major nutrients in milk and soymilk products can lead to considerable error to the results of dietary assessment unless the amount and the composition of each product are regularly updated in the food composition table whenever the new products are introduced in the market.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1991

This study was to calculate the minimum food expenditure by using OR linear program, and to determine the food plans for different income values based on the recommenced dietary allowances(RDA) for Koreans. VAX 11/780 system was used in this study. There were 6 family models-single man, single woman, married couple, couple with one child, couple with 2 children and couple with 2 children & grandmother. The market price quoted in this study was from July 1989 to June 1990 and the data file was made from RDA & food composition tables. After the minimum food expenditure was calculated from the computer, the low cost food plan was set. From the low cost food plan, we set the moderate cost food plan 25% above the low cost and the liberal food plan 50% above the low cost. One week menu was planned for different food plans. The low cost food plan could be used not only at the institutional levels and at home but also used at the national food policy making for scientific budget planning and for nutritionally well balanced diet. These food plans could control the use of time and efforts, too.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of Korean workers with occupational exposure to lead by estimating nutrients and flood intakes so that we can eventually establish the dietary guidelines to be recommended for the lead workers. Food consumption survey was conducted by a 24-hr recall method with 135 lead workers and 50 non-exposed controls. Food intake data were convened into nutrients intake using computer aided nutritional analysis program. Mean daily energy intake and percentage of recommended daily allowance (RDA) of male lead workers were 2138 local and 87% of RDA while those of control were estimated as 2234 kcal and 91% of RDA. Mean daily intakes of nutrients of male lead workers were 78 g (111% RDA) for protein 502 mg (71% RDA) for calcium, 11.7 mg (97% RDA) for iron, 665 $\mu$g R.E (95% RDA) for vitamin A, 1.39 mg (108% RDA) for thiamin, 1.14 mg (77% RDA) for riboflavin, 15 mg N.E (92% RDA) for niacin and 66 mg (94% RDA) for vitamin C. On average, male lead workers showed significantly lower protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, niacin and vitamin C intakes than control group while cholesterol intake of the male lead workers was significantly higher than that of control group. Intakes of calcium of male lead workers were Less than 75% RDA meaning that nutritional intake of calcium of male lead workers was insufficient and could possibly result in nutritional deficient. Some food groups such as milk, meat and fish must be strongly suggested to improve nutritional status of lead workers. Continuing nutrition monitoring and appropriate nutrition intervention for lead workers most be conducted further.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.608-612
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• 2005

친환경적이면서 신속한 비파괴 분석방법인 FT-NIR를 이용하여 백미의 총식이섬유(TDF)함량 예측모델을 개발하였다. 백미는 국내산으로 전남지방에서 재배된 47개 품종과, 시중 유통 중인 13개 브랜드 미에 대해서 AOAC 방법에 준한 효소법에 의해 TDF 함량을 분석하였다. 습식 분석된 TDF함량의 범위는 $1.17-1.92\%$ 이었다. FT-NIR로 측정된 스펙트럼의 검량식은 빛의 산란 효과를 최소화하기 위해 수학적 처리를 하였고, 몇 개의 특정 파장이 아닌 전 파장 영역(1,000-2,500 nm)에 대해서 PLS법으로 작성하였다. 얻어진 검량식의 정확도는 상관계수(r), SEE 및 SEP로 확인하였다. 백미 중 총 식이섬유 함량에 대한 회귀분석을 행한 결과, 검량식의 r은 0.9705, SEE는 0.0464, 검증식의 bias는 -0.0006, SEP가0.0604로 측정 정확도가 우수하여 실제 적용이 가능함을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.563-567
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• 1992

국내에서 유통되는 가공식품중 삭카린의 함량을 분석하였고, 이 자료와 삭카린 공급자료를 바탕으로 한국인의 1인당 1일 삭카린 섭취량을 추정하였다. 분석에 사용된 74개 시료중 60개에서 삭카린의 사용을 확인할 수 있었으며 검출 평균농도는 단무지 306 ppm, 스낵과자 285 ppm, 간장 153 ppm, 빙과 51 ppm, 유산균 음료 37 ppm이었다. 허용기준에 대한 초과빈도를 보면 스낵과자가 시료의 70%에서 초과하였고, 허용기준에 대한 평균농도의 비율은 2.9배에 도달했으나 기타 식품에서는 그 기준을 초과하지 아니하였다. 1985년에서 1990년에 걸친 삭카린의 1인당 1일 평균 섭취량은 소비자료에서 추정했을 경우 $7{\sim}17\;mg$, 공급 자료에서 추정했을 경우 $9{\sim}35\;mg$이었다. 이 수준은 미국, 일본의 경우보다 약간 많았으나, FAO/WHO에서 권고한 인체허용 1일 섭취량(ADI)의 $11{\sim}22%$ 수준이었다. 따라서 한국인에 대하여 삭카린의 안전성 문제는 현재와 같은 사용수준에서는 크게 걱정할 필요가 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2002

The alkanes in plant materials can potentially be used as markers to estimate composition and digestibility of diet of deer for the development of feeding strategies, but the analysis of alkanes in plant materials and deer faeces is time-consuming and expensive. In this study, 242 faecal samples and 119 pasture samples were scanned using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and the concentrations of alkanes in these samples were analysed to develop calibrations for predicting alkane concentrations in pastures and deer faeces. The $R^2$ values for NIR calibrations were <0.6 for $C_{24}$, $C_{26}$, $C_{32}$ and $C_{36}$, but were >0.8 for other alkanes for faecal samples. The $R^2$ values were >0.87 for alkanes with chains from $C_{27}$ to C35 for pasture samples. However, NIR was unable to predict concentrations of alkanes with chains of $C_{24}$, $C_{26}$, $C_{32}$ and $C_{36}$ in faecal samples and $C_{24}$, C25, $C_{26}$ and $C_{36}$ in pasture samples. While the use of these NIR calibrations will accelerate the estimation of diet digestibility, dietary components and botanical composition of pastures, the influence of the type of pasture on NIR calibration will require further examination.