• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the assessment of salty taste and high-salt dietary behaviors of Korean university students and their Chinese counterparts. The researchers developed a taste assessment computer program focusing on preference for salty taste, and it was applied to 300 university students, including 100 Korean students, and 100 Chinese students in Daegu of South Korea, and 100 Chinese students in Shenyang of China (144 males and 156 females). The results of the taste assessment of Chinese and Korean university students are as follows. Among males, Koreans (36.0%), Chinese students in Korea (36.2%), and Chinese (40.4%) scored highest in the "a bit salty" followed by "normal." Among females, Koreans (36.0%), Chinese students in Korea (49.1%), and Chinese (28.3%) scored highest in the "normal". In terms of salt concentration in solution, among the male subjects, most Koreans favored the salt concentration of 0.31%, which is considered to be a "normal" concentration; most Chinese students in Korea favored 0.63%, which is considered to be "a bit salty", and most Chinese favored the concentration of 1.25%, which is considered to be "salty". As for the female subjects, Koreans, Chinese students studying abroad, and Chinese favored 0.31%, the "normal" level of concentration. Korean students scored higher than Chinese students in Korea and Chinese students both in males and females (p < 0.001, p < 0.01), in terms of high-salt dietary behaviors favored salty taste. This study suggests that Chinese university students need nutrition education in terms of modifying eating behaviors to reduce dietary salt intake.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

This was conducted to investigate the dietary assessment, food preferences, snack intake, priority order in food purchase, and knowledge of diet of full-time housewives and working housewives through the use of a questionnaire. The participants (127 working housewives and 86 housewives) were selected at random from Seoul and its vicinity. The predominant job reported by working housewives was saleswomen and specialized job (20.7%). The average monthly income of both housewives and working housewives ranged from 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 won. Forty percent of housewives consumed more meat, fish, eggs, beans, and tofu, while 50.0% of housewives ate vegetables other than kimchi at every meal, 51.2% of housewives consumed one serving of fruit and one cup of fruit juice, 45.3% of housewives consumed three regular meals, and 60.5% of housewives consumed a balanced diet when compared with working housewives (p<0.05). Working housewives consumed beverages, ice cream, milk, and dairy products, while housewives consumed breads, sweet potato, potato, and fruit as snacks. The preference that most often led to food selection was flavor among working housewives (67.7%) and housewives (64.0%). Both working housewives and housewives always confirmed the day of food production. Generally, housewives were more interested in learning about food, creating a dietary plan, nutrient loss during cooking and reducing waste food when compared with working housewives. Housewives appeared to have better dietary assessment and knowledge than working housewives. Accordingly, it is advisable to prepare more systemic education programs for working housewives.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.132-141
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to choose the assessment method of usual energy in take for epidemiological study. Energy intakes of 30 female college students estimated by frequency questionnaires and energy balance method were compared with that obtained by dietary record. The results are summarized as follows. Assessment of mean energy intakes by dietary record frequency questionnaires energy balance method were 156.2Kcal, 1517Kcal, 1878.0Kcal respectively. There was no significant difference between energy intake by dietary record and that by frequency questionnaire. Frequency questionnaire covers 4 weeks energy intake and it can be substituted for dietary record. Although energy intake by energy balance method was significantly different from that obtained by dietary record it shows high correlation with anthropometric and obesity indices and energy expenditure of the subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Improving dietary patterns, na, in turn, improving nutritional status, is now viewed as a key to improve public health and to prevent chronic diseases. There has been a peat needs to assess diet quality to identify nutritional risk group, however, little research has been done on methods to assess overall diet quality. The purpose of this study was to develope a mini dietary assessment (MDA) index for evaluation of overall dietary quality. A 10-component system was devised based on dietary guidelines and food Tower for Koreans. The system contained 4 food elements of which use is encouraged, such as milk, meat, vegetables, fruits, and 3 food elements of which use is limited, such as fat, salt, or sugar. Also the included were elements on dietary regulation and variety. A subject is to check one of ‘always' 'generally'seldom', which has score of 5, 3, and 1, respectively, so the total possible index score is 50. This index is to use without dietary survey and is to use even by non-nutritionist. A sample of 432 healthy males and females in their 30's and 40's contributed diet intake data based on 24-hour recall for the validation of MDA. The mean MDA score was 31.34 of a possible 50 points. The main nutrients for each MDA component was correlated very well with the results of 24-hour recall. Also, very good correlation was found between healthy eating index (HEI) score and MDA score. However, some of MDA components were needed a modification of term or/and statement. So the Uh was revised and another effort for validation was made with new sample of 169 subjects and even better correlation was found. The revised MDA could be used with minor modification to assess diet quality and to screen nutritional status. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 83-92, 2003)

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Several self-administered dietary assessment questionnaires have recently been developed, validated, and used in nutritional epidemiological and clinical studies in Japan. This article describes recent evidence on development and validation of them. After extensive search of published articles both in English and Japanese languages, we identified 25 articles on 13 questionnaires of which validation studies have existed. Number of foods/menus assessed varied from 31 to 169 according to questionnaires. Eleven questionnaires were food frequency type, either with fixed portion size or semiquantitative, and two diet history types. All the 13 questionnaires were validated against intakes assessed with dietary record or 24-hour recall, and only two with biomarkers. Number of subjects used in the studies was between 23 and 350. All the studies used adult subjects. In the studies with dietary record or recall, the correlation coefficient for or orgy intake was between 0.22 and 0.65 (median = 0.44). Median correlation coefficient for nutrients was between 0.21 and 0.61. In the studies with biomarkers, serum marine-origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenes, and urinary potassium seemed useful biomarkers. In conclusion, recent progress of this field in Japan is remarkable. But more research is needed for validation studies with biomarkers, and the development and validation of questionnaires for children and elderly subjects. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 83∼92,2003)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to develop an assessment tool for middle aged women's health status based on dietary patterns, which will have practical applications in the working field of health and hygiene, aiming at improving the middle aged women's quality of life through their health improvement. Methods: As a first step, a literature review was conducted and the original data of '2008~2009 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey' were reanalyzed. This analysis identified 65 preliminary questions that may be relevant to the study. After verifying the content validity by experts, the 65 questions were reduced into 51 questions. In order to secure higher validity of the candidate items, verification of their clinical validity was conducted among women aged between 45 and 60 years. Finally, an assessment tool was developed by applying weight and scoring. Results: Selected 51 questions were used to verify clinical validity and the results showed that 20 questions were relevant, nine questions ('regular meal time', 'regular amount of meal', 'intake frequency of dairy products', 'intake frequency of fruits', 'intake frequency of meat products', 'intake frequency of high cholesterol foods', 'intake frequency of salty foods', 'appetite', 'eat breakfast everyday') were related to dietary life. Eleven other questions ('self-rated health status', 'deep sleep', 'smoking', 'frequency of drinking', 'stress levels', 'health-related fitness levels', 'pounding of the heart', 'strange feelings on the skin', 'interfere with daily life', 'menopause will bring you a chance to see the life in a different perspective', and 'body mass index') were selected as valid questions. For the response scale for each question, 5 point Likert scale was used to make total 100 point score. Conclusions: This study is the first attempt to develop a health status assessment tool for middle aged women based on their dietary patterns. We conclude that this tool is expected to be a useful and practical tool in the field.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.185-188
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• 2003

The Dietary Reference Intakes which were developed by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences of the United States, and Health Canada provide a good deal of information on nutritional requirements which apply to Korea. In addition, the processes of evidence based review of information on nutrient needs, dietary excess, and the assessment and planning of dietary intakes may be useful in Korea as well as North America. However, other aspects of the Dietary Reference Intakes may not be appropriate. This article discusses these issues.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권sup1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2009

Nutritional assessment is based on anthropometric, clinical, dietary and biochemical data. There is a lack of studies about the propriety of biochemical indexes for the nutritional assessment in children despite biochemical data in pediatric population are different from them in adult's in many respects. Serum albumin is useful index to evaluate the severity of malnutrition. Hemoglobin and hematocrit tend to decrease in malnutrition on account of defect of iron metabolism and to increase in metabolic syndrome on account of enhancement of erythropoiesis. But, unlike adult, total lymphocyte count is not so useful biochemical indexes in children. We should consider pediatric characteristic when interpret biochemical indexes for nutritional assessment in children, and nutritional status in children should be assessed comprehensively with anthropometric, clinical, dietary and biochemical data.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to verify the validity and judgment criteria setting of a health status assessment tool based on dietary patterns for middle-aged women. Methods: A total of 474 middle-aged women who visited the Comprehensive Medical Examination Center at Hanmaeum Hospital in Changwon were enrolled (IRB 2013-0005). The validity was verified using clinical indicators for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS), and it was used to set the criteria for the tool. A logistic regression analysis was performed for validation. The area under-receiver operation (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden Index were calculated through ROC curve analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21, and p value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean score of the group with no MS (73.3 points) was significantly higher compared to the group with MS (65.7 points) (p<0.001). An analysis of the association between the tool scores and risk of MS showed a 0.15-fold reduction in the risk of MS every time the tool's score increased by one point. As the result of the ROC curve analysis, the assessment reference point was set to 71 points, indicating 77.0% sensitivity and 61.0% specificity. Risk of MS was significantly higher in the group with a score of less than 71.0 than a group with more than 71 points (OR=5.28, p<0.001). Conclusions: This study was the first attempt to develop a health status assessment tool based on the dietary patterns for middle-aged women, and this tool has proven its usefulness as an MS assessment tool through the application of middle-aged women in the field of health screening.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.372-385
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop web-based self-nutrition management u-Health program for diabetic patients (DMDMG: Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management Guide) for achieving systematic self-management of diet. Methods: The program consisted of five parts with different contents according to the results of needs assessment. Five major parts were 1) meal management part which contains calorie prescription, meals recording and dietary assessment, 2) prevention of disease part with information of diabetes and assessment of dietary behavior, 3) dietary behavior modification part with an education on dietary behavior modification plan and dietary behavior plan, 4) meal plan containing a training section for meal plan and self constructing part for meal planning by making tables, and 5) information about myself which composed with general and physical information. The system proposed in this study provides nutrients intake results right after input of diet intake, which is possible with simultaneous calculation of input data in the server with 3,495 food and 1,821 meal data base. The nutrients analysis program was evaluated with 26 diabetic patients with two-day 24 hr recall. Results: The differences of nutrients intakes between DMDMG and CANPRO 3.0 ranged from 13.5-16.5%, which was caused by the differences of databases of the two programs. The characteristics of DMDMG were; 1) it can provide an interactive tailored nutrition management, 2) it is a practical tool of diabetes nutritional management, 3) the program gives motivation for the dietary behavior modification. Conclusions: The effectiveness of whole program needs to be conducted, but the program was an innovative tool for self-management of nutrient intakes, diet behaviors, meal management and tailored nutrition education.