• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.721-727
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• 1997

This study investigated whether dietary factors are more influential factor than other health behavior such as drinking, smoking and exercise on abnormal serum cholesterol level inspite of Korean dietary pattern differences compared to Europeans and Americans. A double case control study model has been used for the study design. One model consisted of high blood cholesterol cases and control. the other model consisted of low blood cholesterol cased and controls. 5.398 sedentary male workers who had taken medical examinations at a university hospital were used as the study subjects. Out of the study subjects, 36individuals with high blood cholesterol cases and 30 individuals with low blood cholesterol cases were selected. For the 66 individual control selection, the individual control selection, the individuals matching method was adopted. The food frequency method was used to collect the data for assessment of the dietary factors. A standardized questionnaire was used to investigate other health behavior. logistic regression analysis was employed to measure the relative importance between the factors considered. There were no statistically significant differences observed in nutrients consumption or other health behavior among the low, normal and high blood cholesterol groups, An overmatching effect had been suspected as the cause of those findings. However, the results of logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing high serum cholesterol showed that odd ratios of dietary factors such as tocopherol(3.0) and saturated fatty acid(1.6) were higher than I. I of smoking and 1.2 of drinking. Similar results were also observed incases of low serum cholesterol. The above findings imply that although the dietary pattern is quite different from that of Europeans and America, the dietary factor is still a significant factor for abnormal blood cholesterol in Koreans. Therefore, the dietary risk factor identified in high fat consumption populations are still relevant for the relatively healthy Korean as guideline for preventive health practices. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 721∼727, 1997)

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns and interrelationships for meeting recommendations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary behavior in elementary school students. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 259 students ages 11 to 13 years. Physical activity (moderate to vigorous physical activity $\geqq$60min/day), sedentary behavior (viewing time for TV, computer, DVD, video, etc<3hr/day), and dietary behavior (servings of fruits and vegetables$\geqq$5times/day) were categorized into two levels: meeting recommendations or not meeting recommendations. Parents' health behaviors and home environmental variables were assessed with self-reported measures. Chi-squared tests and independent t-tests were conducted to compare anthropometric variables and the prevalence of students not meeting the recommendation for the three health behaviors. Comparison between males and females and logistic linear regression were used to determine the interrelationships of three health behaviors. 25.9% of students did not meet the physical activity recommendations. 15.4% did not meet sedentary behavior recommendations, and 41.7% did not meet dietary recommendation. Only 39.8% of students met all three recommendations, but 19.0% did not meet over two recommendations. Patterns that simultaneously did not meet two recommendations were: sedentary and dietary behavior in males (8.1%), and physical activity and dietary behavior in females (10.4%). Students who did not meet dietary recommendations were at greater risk of not meeting physical activity (OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.15 to 6.64), and sedentary behavior (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.16) compared with students who did meet dietary recommendations. The findings of this study support not an independent behavior approach but a multiple behavior approach taking into account gender and interrelationships among the three behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.158-169
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• 2004

This study was performed in order to investigate to dietary behavior, perceived stress level and their correlations for University students. Dietry behavior of 72% subjects was poor and only 1.8% was good. The dietary behavior of subjects was correlated with their residence type. The overage stress point was $1.76{\pm}0.53$ and female students was more stressed than male. Stress elevate the food uptakes and digestion disorder in female students. 12 Factors of stress was analyzed in University students, identification, study, friends and off-school activity related factors were more influenced in female students and health related factor was dominant in male. The subjects who more stressed in factor of religion and around people were preferred salty taste. Study, friends, health related stress factor effect to digestion and food uptake level. Religion, boy or girl friends and sex related stress factor effect to alcohol uptake

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2003

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of health promotion at community level. Nutrients intake of 135 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall methods. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Our results indicated dietary intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ were insufficient when they were compared to Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Among five food groups, intakes of milk and dairy product was inadequate as compared to the recommended amount. When we compared the fatness indices to self-evaluated meal problems, overeating and speedy eating were significantly related to fatness indices. Fatness indices such as relative body weight(RBW) and body mass index(BMI) were significantly higher in the subjects who self-evaluated their unsound food behavior as overeating. However, there were no significant differences of food habit score and nutrition knowledge among groups classified by fatness or meal problem. Body fat ratio, frequencies of night snack and skipping meal significantly increased with age. Food habit score was positively related to health-concerned attitude and active attitude toward change. We concluded that nutrition education program for housewives should include detailed strategies to modify unsound food behaviors for healthy weight.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.529-537
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze University student's dietary behavior for processed foods and recognition on food nutrition labelling according to the degree of health concern. For this study, 302 University students in Gyeonggi region was surveyed by questionnaire from May in 2016 and it included the questions about general matters, dietary behavior on processed foods, and the food nutrition label system. It was analysed by SPSS win 23.0 program. And the results are as follows. According to the result of the factor analysis, the preference of processed foods were showed 3.21~3.97. There were significant differences in milk and milk products preference according to health concern (p<0.05). Also frequency of processed foods was shown significant differences in milk and milk products, noodles, beverage, and fast food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in meat products, snack, bread and frozen food (p>0.05). Also, the processed food purchase consideration according to health concern was shown significant differences in nutrition, origin, manufacturing company (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in taste, price, exterior, brand, and shelf life (p>0.05). Thus, it is necessary to do continuing public relations and to provide more opportunities for nutrition education so that the University students may obtain right dietary behavior on processed foods and the system of food nutrition indication be established properly.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control(HLOC) and eating behavior in obese middle school girls. Method: The sample consisted of 170 obese middle school girls in Seoul. Result: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC-Internal ; 4.11, HLOC-External ; 2.45, HLOC-Chance ; 2.09. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.69, Dietary Restraint ; 2.67, Hunger ; 2.55. 3. The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior(dietary restraint and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC-Chance and disinhibition was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and dietary restraint was correlated negatively. The HLOC-External and eating behavior(dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling). There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC-External according to thinking about oneself who is obese or not. 5. There was not a significant difference in eating behavior depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling, perception of oneself as a obese). Conclusion: This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling of obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.372-385
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop web-based self-nutrition management u-Health program for diabetic patients (DMDMG: Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management Guide) for achieving systematic self-management of diet. Methods: The program consisted of five parts with different contents according to the results of needs assessment. Five major parts were 1) meal management part which contains calorie prescription, meals recording and dietary assessment, 2) prevention of disease part with information of diabetes and assessment of dietary behavior, 3) dietary behavior modification part with an education on dietary behavior modification plan and dietary behavior plan, 4) meal plan containing a training section for meal plan and self constructing part for meal planning by making tables, and 5) information about myself which composed with general and physical information. The system proposed in this study provides nutrients intake results right after input of diet intake, which is possible with simultaneous calculation of input data in the server with 3,495 food and 1,821 meal data base. The nutrients analysis program was evaluated with 26 diabetic patients with two-day 24 hr recall. Results: The differences of nutrients intakes between DMDMG and CANPRO 3.0 ranged from 13.5-16.5%, which was caused by the differences of databases of the two programs. The characteristics of DMDMG were; 1) it can provide an interactive tailored nutrition management, 2) it is a practical tool of diabetes nutritional management, 3) the program gives motivation for the dietary behavior modification. Conclusions: The effectiveness of whole program needs to be conducted, but the program was an innovative tool for self-management of nutrient intakes, diet behaviors, meal management and tailored nutrition education.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2008

This study was done to investigate the relationship between the perception of body image, body weight satisfaction or dietary behavior and self-rated health status in Korean college students. Subjects, 285 college students, were divided into three groups (healthy, normal, and unhealthy) according to the answer for the self-rated health question. Information about demographic status, self-rated health condition, height and weight, perception of body image, satisfaction of body weight, concern for body weight control, dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge, and health-related characteristics collected by a self-reported questionnaire. The proportion of men and women in each group was not significantly different. The academic year, major, experience of nutritional education, and type of residence were not significantly related with self-rated health but the pocket money range was significantly associated (p<0.05) with self-rated health. The proportion of subjects rated their health as unhealthy was the lowest in 210-300 thousand won pocket money range and was increased in less than 210 thousand won or over 300 thousand won pocket money ranges. There were no significant differences for age, height, weight and BMI between the groups. The body image perception and body weight satisfaction levels of healthy group was significantly higher than those of unhealthy group (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively), but the level of concern for body weigh1 control in healthy subjects was significantly lower than that in unhealthy subjects (p<0.05). The proportion of subjects reported as healthy was significantly increased with increased frequencies of following food behaviors; weekly use of protein foods (p<0.01), vegetables (p<0.05) and dairy products (p<0.01), and food habits such as "regularity of meal time" (p<0.01), "eating in moderation" (p<0.05), and "eating breakfast" (p<0.001). Overall results suggested that the college students have tended to have a better perception of health when they have better body image perception, body weight satisfaction and dietary behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined trends in the health status and dietary behavior changes by region using the raw data from the 2008 ~ 2019 Community Health Survey. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 2,738,572 people among the raw data of the Community Health Survey from 2008 to 2019. The regional differences in health status and dietary behavior were examined by classifying the regions into capital and non-capital regions, and the non-capital regions were classified into metropolitan cities and provinces. A chi-square test was conducted on the body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension, frequency of eating breakfast, salty taste in usual diet, recognition of nutrition labeling, reading of nutrition labeling, and utilization of nutrition labeling. Results: In determining obesity using the BMI, the normal weight by year decreased, and the obesity rate by year was 34.6% in 2019, which increased by 13% compared to 2008. In addition, the diabetes diagnosis rate and hypertension diagnosis rate continued to increase with the year. Both diabetes and hypertension diagnosis rates were higher in the non-capital regions than in the capital region. Eating breakfast five to seven times per week was most common and showed a significant decreasing trend by year (P < 0.001). The percentage of respondents who said they eat slightly bland foods increased from 19.5% in 2008 to 19.9% in 2010 and then to 22.1% in 2013. The percentage then decreased to 19.9% in 2019, but showed an overall increasing trend (P < 0.001). According to the region, the capital region had a higher percentage than the non-capital region. The nutrition labeling's recognition rate and utilization rate increased yearly, whereas the reading rate decreased. Conclusions: The study results presented the primary data necessary to develop nutrition education programs and establish strategies for local nutrition management projects to improve disease prevention and dietary problems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.55-72
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• 2004

Alcohol has as much effect on our lives as the different taste for foods that people have all of the world. Recently, the interest about drinking habits has increased with the rise in health problems for college students with poor health related behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol consumption, smoking and eating behavior of college students in the Kyungsan area. This survey was administered through questionnaires, and the subjects were 177 male and 189 female college students. The self-administered questionnaire was composed of questions concerning social-demographic factors, general characteristics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and eating behavior. The data were analyzed by $\chi$$^2$-test and t-test. According to the survey results, almost of all of the survey subjects drank alcohol. The mean alcohol consumption level per day for male students (33.9${\pm}$29.7g) were significantly higher than for the female students (18.5${\pm}$16.5g), and more than 39.6% of the subjects drank alcohol 1-3 days a week. Alcohol consumption changed the students eating habits. Most students had dietary problems such as fast eating, skipping meal and spending too much money on fast food. The survey about eating behavior of the students showed the male students had more problems when compared with female students. Alcohol consumption levels and alcohol dependence showed a significant positive correlation with smoking cigarettes (r=0.386, p＜0.001). The correlation coefficient between alcohol consumption and eating behavior was negatively correlated with skipping meals (r=-0.121, p＜0.001). However, there were significant and positive correlations with overeating when students were depressed (r=0.130, p＜0.05), with eating meals when watching TV or videos (r=0.085) and with spending money on fast food(r=0.235, p＜0.235). The results indicate that health related behaviors of college students in the present study were fairly good. More attention should be given to college students and their habits of skipping meal, alcohol drinking and smoking, and the fairly good students can act as a model for correct dietary behavior so as to improve overall student health.