• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.918-928
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• 2023

The effects of tigernut dietary fiber (TDF: 5, 10, and 20% w/w) inclusion in rice muffin formulations on the functional and pasting properties of composite powders, as well as the nutritional and sensory properties of muffins were investigated. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) proportional increase in the water and oil holding capacity as TDF increased in the powder blends. Moreover, pasting viscosity was found to decrease with the inclusion of TDF. TDF muffins showed improved nutritional quality, with increased protein (~14%), insoluble fiber (~128%) and total fiber (~34%) contents compared to 100% rice muffins. Also, TDF-muffins had lower baking losses (~22%) and better texture, including firmness and chewiness. Sensory scores of TDF-muffins (up to 10% w/w) showed similar consumer acceptability for all parameters considered. Overall, this study suggests tigernut fiber as a functional additive that balances the growing consumers' demands for healthy and quality gluten-free rice muffins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 2009

A mixture of three dietary medicinal herb extracts (MHE, mulberry leaf:Japanese honeysuckle:goldthread = 48.5: 48.5:3.0) was prepared as an additive of hen's feed. One hundred-eight, 28-wk-old Lohmann Brown hens were assigned randomly with three levels of MHE in the diet (0, 0.3, and 1%). Hens were fed for 6 wks and eggs were collected in the 6th week, and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days to investigate the effect of MHE on the quality and oxidative stability of eggs. Internal quality of the egg including weight, shell color, albumen height, yolk color, shell weight, shell thickness, and Haugh units was not different among the dietary treatments. The oxidation stability of raw and cooked egg was determined by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzonthianoline-6-sulfonic acid) ($ABTS^{+}$) radical reducing ability. Results indicated that TBARS value at day 0 and $ABTS^{+}$ radical reducing ability of eggs from hens fed MHE were higher than from the control group. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity showed no difference in both raw and cooked samples. Results of the present study indicate that dietary MHE may slightly enhance the oxidative stability of eggs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2016

The effects of dietary antioxidant [saltwort (SW), leek (LK), and dandelion (DD)] supplementation on the growth, body composition, serum chemistry, and challenge test results of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, were determined. In an experiment, 320 fish were randomly distributed into eight, 50-L flow-through tanks (40 fish per tank). Four experimental diets were prepared: the control diet (Con) with synthetic antioxidant: and diets with SW, LK, or DD from natural sources. Each diet was randomly assigned to duplicate tanks of fish, which were hand-fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. After the 8-week feeding trial, 20 fish from each tank were artificially infected with Streptococcus iniae and monitored for 6 days. The dietary additives did not affect survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), or plasma chemistry. However, the cumulative mortality of fish fed the SW, LK and DD diets was lower than that of fish fed the control diet beginning 4 days after infection. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with SW, LK, and DD did not affect the growth, FE, PER, or plasma chemistry of rockfish. However, dietary inclusion of SW, LK, and DD lowered the mortality of rockfish following infection with S. iniae.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.243-246
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary propionic acid on inhibitory effect of Salmonella gallinarum. Day-old 144 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments, three replicates per treatment. The four dietary treatments consisted of 0.0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8% dietary propionic acid. Chicks were challenged orally on three days of age with $10^6$ cfu Salmonella gallinarum. Sample of crop and cecal contents were obtained on Days 1, 8 and 15 post-inoculation. The pH of crop contents decreased significantly (p<0.01) for groups of chicks provided 1.2 and 1.8% propionic acid in the diet as compared with those provided 0.6% propionic acid and control group. The pH of cecal contents decreased significantly (p<0.01) for groups of chicks provided with 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8% of propionic acid as compared with control group. The number of Salmonella gallinarum positive culture in the crop and ceca of chicks, decreased significantly (p<0.01) from the groups provided with 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8% of propionic acid in the diet at day 1, 8 and 15 post-inoculation. The addition of 1.8% propionic acid in the diet provided a high level of protection against colonization than did 0.6 and 1.2%. These results indicate that the addition of propionic acid in a concentration of 1.2 or more to the diet of newly hatched chicks significantly decreases crop and cecal colonization by Salmonella gallinarum.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.895-911
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• 2023

Processed meat products play a vital role in our daily dietary intake due to their rich protein content and the inherent convenience they offer. However, they often contain synthetic additives and ingredients that may pose health risks when taken excessively. This review explores strategies to improve meat product quality, focusing on three key approaches: substituting synthetic additives, reducing the ingredients potentially harmful when overconsumed like salt and animal fat, and boosting nutritional value. To replace synthetic additives, natural sources like celery and beet powders, as well as atmospheric cold plasma treatment, have been considered. However, for phosphates, the use of organic alternatives is limited due to the low phosphate content in natural substances. Thus, dietary fiber has been used to replicate phosphate functions by enhancing water retention and emulsion stability in meat products. Reducing the excessive salt and animal fat has garnered attention. Plant polysaccharides interact with water, fat, and proteins, improving gel formation and water retention, and enabling the development of low-salt and low-fat products. Replacing saturated fats with vegetable oils is also an option, but it requires techniques like Pickering emulsion or encapsulation to maintain product quality. These strategies aim to reduce or replace synthetic additives and ingredients that can potentially harm health. Dietary fiber offers numerous health benefits, including gut health improvement, calorie reduction, and blood glucose and lipid level regulation. Natural plant extracts not only enhance oxidative stability but also reduce potential carcinogens as antioxidants. Controlling protein and lipid bioavailability is also considered, especially for specific consumer groups like infants, the elderly, and individuals engaged in physical training with dietary management. Future research should explore the full potential of dietary fiber, encompassing synthetic additive substitution, salt and animal fat reduction, and nutritional enhancement. Additionally, optimal sources and dosages of polysaccharides should be determined, considering their distinct properties in interactions with water, proteins, and fats. This holistic approach holds promise for improving meat product quality with minimal processing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of $\beta$-1,3 glucan and feed stimulants(BAISM) as a feed additive for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eight experimental diets supplemented with $\beta$-1,3 glucan and feed stimulants at 0%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 1.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 1.35%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70% of diets as a dry-matter(DM) basis were prepared. Three replicate groups of fish averaging 9.2 $\pm$ 0.1g (Mean $\pm$ SD) were randomly distributed in each aquarium as a group of 15 fish and fed one of eight experimental diets for seven weeks. After the feeding trial, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 1.90% diets had a higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency(FE), specific growth rate(SGR) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) than did fish fed 0%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70% (P<0.05). however, there was no significant difference among fish fed $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70%(P>0.05). and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90% diets had a higher peak value of CL(Chemiluminescence) and lysozyme activity, than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). These results indicated that dietary sipplementation of $\beta$-1, 3 glucan and Baism affected growth, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, Peak value of CL and Lysozyme activity, and the optimum dietary supplementation level of $\beta$-1, 3 glucan and Baism as a feed additive could be approximately $\beta$-1, 3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90% of diet in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Two feeding experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fermented cactus fruit (Opuntia ficusindica) fluid (FCFF) as a feed additive to a commercial diet on the growth of red sea bream, Pagrus major, and to determine an effective dose. FCFF was prepared by mixing crushed cactus fruit with a starch solution and commercially available microorganisms for 2 weeks at room temperature. Three triplicate groups of red sea bream had initial mean weights of 84.1 g (Exp-1) and 5.1 g (Exp-2) and were fed experimental diets containing 0%, 1%, and 5% FCFF for 2 months (Exp-1) and 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% FCFF for 3 months (Exp-2), respectively. In experiment 1, the mean body weight of fish fed the diet containing 1% FCFF was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of fish fed the diet without FCFF. The survival rate was highest in fish fed the diet containing 1% FCFF, although the difference was not statistically significant. The feed gain ratio (FGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (CF) values of fish fed the diet containing 1% FCFF were higher than those of fish in the other dietary groups that received lower levels of FCFF. The daily feeding rate (DFR) of fish fed the diet containing 1% FCFF was slightly lower but not statistically different than the DFR values of fish in the other dietary groups. In experiment 2, the final mean body weight of fish fed the diet containing 1% FCFF was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the mean weight of fish in the control group. The FGR, SGR, and CF values of fish fed the diet containing 1% FCFF were better than the values from fish in the other dietary groups that received lower levels of FCFF, although the differences were not statistically significant. However, the DFR of fish fed the diet containing 1% FCFF was lower than those of fish in the other groups. These results suggest that FCFF could be used as a feed additive in commercial fish food and a preferable level of supplementation is at least 1.0% in fingerling and young red sea bream.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1285-1293
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of various additives Solid sulfur, fucoidan, and glucan on growth performance and immune responses in Juvenile olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus. Six experimental diets supplemented with : no additives (CON); 0.5 and 1.0% solid sulfur (S); 0.2 and 0.4% fucoidan (F); 0.1% glucan (G) of these additives diet on a dry-matter basis. Fish averaging $8.2{\pm}0.17g$ were fed one of six experimental diets in triplicate groups for 6 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index and condition factor of fish fed diet CON were significantly lower then those of fish fed the all additives diets (P < 0.05). In challenge test, fish were infected by intraperitonel injection of 0.1 ml bacterial suspension with Edwardsiella tarda per fish after the feeding trial. As a result fish fed All additive diet showed a lower cumulative mortality then did fish fed CON diet throughout the challenge test. In conclusion, these results indicated that solid sulfur, fucoidan and glucan enhanced the growth, feed efficiency and non-specific immune activity of juvenile flounder and protect the fish against microbial infections.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.8.1-8.9
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• 2018

Background: Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming has caused emergence of new pathogenic strains. The situation has warrented the development of safe and alternative growth promoters and immunity enhancers in livestock. Herbal additives in animal and bird feed is a centuries-old practice. Thus, the present study investigated the efficacy of a standardized formulation of lipophilic turmeric extract containing curcumin and turmerones, (TF-36), as a natural growth promoter poultry feed additive. Methods: The study was designed on 180 one-day old chicks, assigned into three groups. Control group ($T_0$) kept on basal diet and supplemented groups $T_{0.5}$ and $T_1$ fed with 0.5% and 1% TF-36 fortified basal diet for 42 days. Each dietary group consisted of six replicates of ten birds. Body weight, food intake, food conversion ratio, skin colour, blood biochemical analysis and antioxidant status of serum were investigated. Results: Body weight improved significantly in $T_1$ with a 10% decrease in FCR as compared to the control. TF-36 supplementation in $T_1$ enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity significantly (p < 0.05) with a decrease (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation. It also caused a slight yellow skin pigmentation without any change in meat color, indicating the bioavailability of curcumin from TF-36. However, no significant change in the concentration of serum creatinine, total protein and liver enzyme activities were observed, indicating the safety. Conclusion: In summary, we concluded that TF-36 can be a natural feed additive to improve growth performance in poultry, probably due to the better antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects contributed by the better bioavailability of curcuminoids and turmerones. Besides, curcuminoids and turmerones were also known to be gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

The experiment was carried out on 648 Ross 308 broilers ($40.4{\pm}0.2$ g; 1 d) chickens. It lasted for 28 days to evaluate the effects of phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, cecum microbiota, bone minerals contents, meat quality and internal organ weights. The chickens were haphazardly divided into any 1 of 6 dietary treatments (6 replicate pens/treatment; 18 broilers/pen). The experimental diets were: CON, control; T1, CON + 150 ppm PFA; T2, CP 0.5% reduced from basal diet; T3, T2 + 150 ppm PFA; T4, Ca 0.07% reduced + available P (aP) 0.065% reduced from basal diet; T5, T4 + 150 ppm PFA. Overall, broilers fed with T3 diet tended to have higher (P=0.08) body weight gain (BWG), and lower (P=0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than T2 diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P was lower (P=0.03) in T2 as compared to CON and it was higher (P=0.02) in T3 as compared to T2. There were no differences in meat quality, relative organ weight, and cecum microbiota (P>0.05). The supplementation of PFA showed trends in improvement in ash content in the bone of birds fed T1, T2 and T4 diets compared with CON. Likewise, the supplementation of PFA tended to increase (P=0.07) Ca content in the bone of birds fed T1 diet compared to CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 150 ppm PFA could improve BWG in birds fed protein reduced diet, improve apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P, and the bone Ca contents in broilers.