• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of enzyme activities on male Sprague-Dawley rats intoxicated by CCI4 on IS(Godulbaegi) diets for 4 weeks. We divides into 5 diet groups which were normal diet(N), normal diet intoxicated by CCI4(NC) and 3 IS diets ; leaves diet(ILC), roots diet(IRC) and mixed diet of leaves and roots which were also injected by CCI4 3 times for 4 weeks. The activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in serum in NC was higher than in N as we expected. The GPT activites and the values of malondial-dehyde(MDA) of IS groups were all lower than in NC, IC as lowest. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in NC was higher than in N and IS groups had values less than the values of N. Catalase showed similarity in results as above. The values of glutathione S-transferase(GST) and cytochrome P-450 in NC were lower than in N. IS groups had higher values than in NC. Godulbaegi might be important not only as one of the traditional Korean foods but also as therapeutic agent for hepatotoxicity and for shortening the recovery time in liver disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 1980

This study was to investigate the feeding effects of diet supplemented with 2% ginseng powder on the growth rate and the blood glucose of rats. The Albino rats (48 heads), weighing 98 to 105g, were divided into two different diet groups, which were subdivided into six subgroups for insulin and epinephrine treatment. They were 1) Co group as control, 2) CG group as control group contained 2% ginseng powder, 3) Io group fed on the diet of Co group and treated with insulin, 4) IG group fed on the diet of CG group and treated with insulin, 5) Eo group fed on the diet of Co group and treated with epinephrine, and 6) EG group fed on the diet of CG group and treated with epinephrine. Each animal group was maintained with the corresponding diet for 27 days, and then they were sacrificed. The growth rate of rats and the diet consumption and efficiency ratio of food and protein were determined during the feeding period. After sacrificing of the animals, the weight of some organs and the blood glucose were analyzed. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The gained body weights of the dietary group supplemented with 2% ginseng powder(CG) were less increased in comparison to the corresponding control group(Co). Those of IG were significantly higher than those of to (p<0.01). Those of EG were significantly lower than those of Eo group (p<0.01). 2. It was found that the variations of the efficiency ratio of food and protein showed the similarity in those of the growth of each group. 3. The final weights of liver kidney spleen. and heart were not significantly different between Co and CG. The weights of the liver, kidney, and heart of IG were significantly greater than those of Co (p<0.05). The weights of the liver and heart of EG were significantly lower than those of Eo(p<0.01) 4. The blood glucose of CG was a little higher than that of Co, but not significant. Also it was found that was little difference between IG and Io. It showed that the blood glucose of EG was significantly lower than that of Eo(p<0.0 1).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.614-621
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• 1997

The experiments were performed to investigate the effects of protein and protein hydrolysates on lipid metabolism in the hyperlipidemic/hypercholesterolemic rat model induced by feeding fat-enriched diet. In Except 1 male rats were fed four semi-purified high fat and cholesterol diets that contained different nitrogen source, casein(C), casein hydrolysate(CH), corn gluten(G) and corn gluten hydrolysate(GH), for 6 weeks. In Expt. 2 rats were fed high fat and cholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Then the rats were divided into 4 groups and were fed the four kinds of above experimental diets for 4 weeks consecutively. The contents of total lipid , cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver and feces were determined. Serum lipid concentrations of CH, G and GH were significantly lower than that of C. Serum cholesterol concentrations of hydrolysate groups(CH and GH) were significantly lower than those of intact protein groups(C and G). Serum HDL -cholesterol concentration tended to increase by hydrolysate intake. The total lipid, cholesterol contents in liver showed similarity results as above. Fecal lipid excretions of CH, G, and GH groups were significantly higher than that of C group. These results indicate that hypolipidemic and /or hypocholesterolemic effect of corn gluten or protein hydrolysates were detected in the process of inducing hyperlipidemia by high-fat and cholesterol diet or after inducing hyperlipidemia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1285-1290
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• 2018

Objective: This study shows the effects of dietary fiber levels on cecal microbiota composition in geese at day 70 according to pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Methods: A total of 468 1-day-old healthy male Yangzhou goslings with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 26 geese per replicate. Geese were fed diets with fiber levels of 2.5% (low fiber level diet, Group I) and 6.1% (Group III) during days 1-70, respectively, or 4.3% for days 1-28 and 6.1% for days 29-70 (Group II). Results: Low fiber level diet decreased body weight, average daily gain during, increased lower feed conversation rate of geese during day 1 to 70 (p<0.05). Low fiber level diet decreased the total operational taxonomic units, Chao1 index and Shannon index, whereas increased the Simpson index of cecal microbiota in geese at day 70. Low fiber level diet decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Paraprevotella in cecum of geese at day 70. The similarity of cecal microbiota between low fiber level diet group and other groups was smaller. Conclusion: This study indicates that the low fiber level diet decreased diversity of microbiota, and relative abundance of some beneficial microbiota in cecum of geese at day 70, implying that the low fiber level diet has negative influence on performance by altering the diversity and population of cecal microbiota in geese.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate intervention studies on Sasang Constitutional diet (SCD) through the checks of Participant, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) Methods Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non-randomized study for intervention (NRSI) about SCD were searched in 4 Korean core databases and other sources, and then PICO was checked. Results 1. Total 10 studies were conducted with 1 RCT and 9 NRSIs. 2. Participants were people with no specific disease, or patients with essential hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or stroke with diabetes or hyperlipidemia. Most studies were conducted on groups of various Sasang Constitutional types except Taeyangin. 3. Two studies provided participants with meals and exercise. Three studies, instead of providing meals directly, taught participants how to eat SCD on their own. 4. NRSIs have tested the effectiveness of various outcome measures without the presentation of primary outcome, and then concluded that all outcomes were ineffective or some are effective. 5. There was no mention of adverse events. In most studies, a single doctor of Korean medicine diagnosed Sasang Constitution the QSCC II questionnaire. The intervention period ranged from three weeks to three months, and recent studies have conducted interventions for 12 weeks. Conclusions Intervention studies about SCD which were conducted so far have shown problems on the study design of PICO items. The study design and implementation that carefully consider how to maintain similarity between groups, minimize the risk of bias, set primary outcome measure, and control the diet are required.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.325-336
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• 2011

Feeding ecology was compared among the three tonguefishes Cynoglossus abbreviatus, C. joyneri and C. robustus, collected from Seto Inland Sea, Japan, from June 2000 to May 2001. They are benthivores, consuming mainly gammarid amphipods, shrimps, crabs, gastropods, bivalves and ophiuroids. C. abbreviatus consumed greater proportions of ophiuroids whereas C. joyneri and C. robustus ate more amphipods and shrimps. While C. abbreviatus consumed mostly ophiuroids in all size classes, the diets of C. joyneri and C. robustus showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits; smaller individuals of C. joyneri and C. robustus consumed gammarid amphipods, whereas larger C. joyneri ate shrimps and gastropods, and larger C. robustus fed mainly on gastropods, crabs, bivalves and polychaetes. Cluster analysis based on diet similarities emphasized that the three Cynoglossus species could be categorized on a size-related basis into three feeding groups: smaller C. joyneri and C. rubustus (<25 cm TL) could be classified as group A, and the larger of them (>25 cm TL) as group B, whereas C. abbreviatus was categorized as group C. This means that some degree of resource partitioning can occur among the three Cynoglossus species. The seasonal changes in the diets were also significant for the three Cynoglossus species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the Butyrivibrio group bacteria in goat rumen and its response to garlic oil (GO) supplementation as revealed by molecular analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes. Six wethers fitted with ruminal fistulas were assigned to two groups for a cross-over design with 28-d experimental period and 14-d interval. Goats were fed a basal diet without (control) or with GO ruminal infusion (0.8 g/d). Ruminal contents were used for DNA extraction collected before morning feeding on d 28. A total bacterial clone library was firstly constructed by nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene cloned sequences using universal primers. The resulting plasmids selected by Butyrivibrio-specific primers were used to construct a Butyrivibrio group-specific bacterial clone library. Butyrivibrio group represented 12.98% and 10.95% of total bacteria in control and GO group, respectively. In libraries, clones were classified to the genus Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio and others within the family Lachnospiraceae. Additionally, some specific clones were observed in GO group, being classified to the genus Ruminococcus and others within the family Ruminococcaceae. Based on the criterion that the similarity was 97% or greater with database sequences, there were 29.73% and 18.42% of clones identified as known isolates (i.e. B. proteoclasticus and Ps. ruminis) in control and GO groups, respectively. Further clones identified as B. fibrisolvens (5.41%) and R. flavefaciens (7.89%) were specifically found in control and GO groups, respectively. The majority of clones resembled Ps. ruminis (98% to 99% similarity), except for Lachnospiraceae bacteria (87% to 92% similarity) in the two libraries. The two clone libraries also appeared different in Shannon diversity index (control 2.47 and GO group 2.91). Our results indicated that the Butyrivibrio group bacteria had a complex community with considerable unknown species in the goat rumen.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding active dry yeast (ADY) and yeast culture (YC) on fecal bacterial community in finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets in the same experimental environment. Methods: Forty-five healthy finishing cattle (Simmental×Chinese Luxi yellow bulls; 24 months; 505±29 kg) were randomly divided into three groups: i) CON group (control group, only fed basal diet), ii) ADY group (fed basal diet + active dry yeast), and iii) YC group (fed basal diet + yeast culture). At the end of the trial, nine rectum fecal samples were randomly selected from each group for bacterial DNA sequencing. Results: There was no difference among groups about alpha diversity indices (all p>0.05), including ACE, Chao 1, Shannon, and Simpson indices. Principal component analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed a high similarity among three groups. Compared with CON group, ADY and YC groups had greater relative abundance of c_Clostridia, o_Oscillospirales, and f_Oscillospiraceae, but lesser relative abundance of g_Megasphaera, and s_Megasphaera_elsdenii (all p<0.01). And, the relative abundances of p_Firmicutes (p = 0.03), s_Prevotella_sp (p = 0.03), o_Clostridiales (p<0.01), g_Clostridium (p<0.01), f_Caloramatoraceae (p<0.01), and f_Ruminococcaceae (p = 0.04) were increased in the ADY group. The PICRUSt2 prediction results showed that the metabolic pathways had no significant differences among groups (p>0.05). Besides, the relative abundance of c_Clostridia (r = 0.42), and f_Oscillospiraceae (r = 0.40) were positively correlated to average daily gain of finishing bulls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both of ADY and YC had no effect on diversity of fecal bacteria in finishing bulls, but the supplementation of ADY and YC can improve the large intestinal function in finishing bulls by increasing the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and altering the abundance of lactic acid-utilizing bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2007

Six male Gayal (Bos frontalis), approximately two years of age and with a mean live weight of $203{\pm}17$ kg ($mean{\pm}standard\;deviation$), were housed indoors in metabolism cages and fed bamboo (Sinarundinaria) leaves and twigs. After an adjustment period of 24 days of feeding the diet, samples of rumen liquor were obtained for analyses of bacteria in the liquor. The diversity of rumen bacteria was investigated by constructing a 16S rDNA clone library. A total of 147 clones, comprising nearly full length sequences (with a mean length of 1.5 kb) were sequenced and submitted to an on-line similarity search and phylogenetic analysis. Using the criterion of 97% or greater similarity with the sequences of known bacteria, 17 clones were identified as Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens, Quinella ovalis, Clostridium symbiosium, Succiniclasticum ruminis, Selenomonas ruminantium and Allisonella histaminiformans, respectively. A further 22 clones shared similarity ranging from 90-97% with known bacteria but the similarity in sequences for the remaining 109 clones was less than 90% of those of known bacteria. Using a phylogenetic analysis it was found that the majority of the clones identified (57.1%) were located in the low G+C subdivision, with most of the remainder (42.2% of clones) located in the Cytophage-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum and one clone (0.7%) was identified as a Spirochaete. It was apparent that Gayal have a large and diverse range of bacteria in the rumen liquor which differ from those of cattle and other ruminants. This may explain the greater live weights of Gayal, compared to cattle, grazing in the harsh natural environments in which Gayal are located naturally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2007

The feeding effects of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts (ME) on the anti-oxidative actions of ICR mouse skin was investigated. To study the antioxidative effects of ME on ICR mouse skin, female ICR mice were grouped into basic diet group (control), ascorbic acid diet group (AA-2.5, AA-5.0, AA-10.0 and AA-20.0 mg/kg BW/day) as a positive control and experimental diet group (mugwort extract; ME-25, ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 mg/kg BW/day) and fed for 10 weeks. Protein contents in ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 feeding group were increased ($3.1%{\sim}11.1%$) and hydroxyl radical contents were significantly decreased ($10.4%{\sim}17.4%$) compared to control group. Oxidative stress signals and oxidized protein contents were significantly reduced to the range of 15.3 to 17.1% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased to the range of 15.0% to 23.3% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Catalase activities were significantly increased ($14.0%{\sim}36.9%$) in all groups in a dose-dependent pattern. Antioxidative ability of ME showed similarity to that of ascorbic acid.