• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.475-482
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• 2007

This study was done to analyze nutrition counseling services in health promotion center and to investigate demands of subjects for nutrition services. Data was collected through the survey of 90 subjects. The results were as follows. The results of people receiving nutrition services showed that 58.5% of the counseling group and 46.4% of the non-counseling group answered having experience with nutrition services. And 50% of them received nutrition counseling through individual counseling. Diet therapy with health check-up results also appeared the highest in contents of nutrition counseling. As a source of nutrition information and health knowledge, subjects relied heavily or most on the TV, internet, books, magazines, and newspapers. On the other hand, they relied much less on advice from dietitians, nutritionists, medical doctors and nurses. The experience of receiving nutrition services and thinking about nutrition education related positively. It showed that the counseling group (95.1%) was significantly higher than the non-counseling group (80.5%) in necessity of nutrition assessment. But, necessity of nutrition counseling wasn't significantly different between the two groups. The method of nutrition counseling subjects preferred was individual consultation. The subjects answered to having need of analysis and evaluation of nutrient intake and calorie prescription in nutrition assessment and individual nutritional status results explanation in nutrition counseling. In conclusion all people visiting health promotion centers need nutrition service of some kind.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2016

Purpose: Our previous study demonstrated the hypoglycemic effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf and the underlying mechanisms. Here we explored the potency of mulberry twigs (TW) and root barks (RB) in postprandial hypoglycemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The major components of TW and RB were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and glucose/fructose uptake inhibition in Caco-2 cells were determined for TW, RB, and their major components, followed by an oral sugar tolerance test (OSTT) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks and then a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg B.W) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 126 mg/dL were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group) for the following treatments by gavage for 4 weeks: vehicle (normal control and diabetic control), 200 mg/kg B.W of TW or RB or 100 mg/kg B.W of oxyresveratrol (OXY). Results: OXY and mulberroside A were identified as the major components of TW and OXY, mongolicin, and kuwanon H for RB. A significant inhibitory activity on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was found for TW, RB, and OXY (p = 0.0099). There was a dose-dependent inhibition of TW and RB on the intestinal sugar uptakes in Caco-2 cells, showing a greater impact on fructose compared to glucose. The OSTT showed that TW and RB significantly delayed time to maximal concentration (p = 0.0088) and decreased maximal concentration (p = 0.0043) compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that TW and RB may have a postprandial hypoglycemic effect, particularly in the case of high fructose or sucrose intake. OXY was suggested as a contributor to the hypoglycemic effect of TW and RB. Further studies are needed for the systemic effect of TW and RB in circulation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise and diet control program on blood pattern in obese children. The subjects of this study were five obese boys aged from 8 to 12 participating in the control period(C) for 3 days, exercise period(E) for one week, and exercise+energy restriction period(EER) for another one week, consecutively. The intensity of the exercise was 60~70% of HRmax and the energy was restricted at 493kcal/day. Daily mean total energy intake was 2,152${\pm}$138kcal. 1,861${\pm}$138kca1, and 1,368${\pm}$87kcal for the period C, E and EER, respectively. Body weight of after the program was significantly decreased from 48.94$\pm$5.11kg to 45.94${\pm}$4.74kg(P<0.01). And skinfold thickness. %fat. lean body mass, body mass index were significantly decreased(p<0.01). Blood sugar concentration was not significantly affected by weight loss, but alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly decreased. Concentrations of total lipid, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid were not significantly decreased. But concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, %HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid were significantly increased and concentration of VLDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index were significantly decreased. The results of this study showed that the obese children had a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in the respect of plasma HDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol concentration by the exercise plus energy restriction program. Thus if we apply the lower intensity or duration of exercise for them this program might be more effective on the obese children.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.347-364
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• 2006

This study is concerned with assessment of diethylnitrosamine (DEN 0.01 %) induced liver cell carcinogenesis by measurement of changes preceding the development of neoplasms. Therefore, it was undertaken to investigate changes of liver-specific enzyme activities in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by ad libitum feeding of DEN. And also. the changes of hepatic morphology in SD rats were detected by haematoxylineosin stain and immunohistochemistry (PCNA). 5- Fluorouracil (5- FU) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents for digestive cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, and is known to affect the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, SD rats were given drinking water containing 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 8 weeks. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of hair and decreased amount of water and diet intake were observed in rats 4 weeks after DEN administration. The body and liver weights were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in rats 11 weeks after DEN administration. The liver weight ratio to body weight was rather stable and not significantly decreased in the all treatment groups. The liver specific enzyme activities (AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP) were significantly increased in all treatment groups compared to control group (p < 0.05). Variable size of liver tumor and hepatomegaly were observed in rats treated with DEN after 10 weeks. Numerous vacuoles were seen on the midzonal and or peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm or densely basophilic mitotic nucleoli were seen. Several proliferative small round cells were seen on vacuolated and necrotic areas in peripheral hepatic lobules or portal areas. PCNA-positive cells were seen on the vacuolated portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the areas of small round cells. We examined functional and morphological changes of livers by 5 - FU treatments on DEN -treated rat. The DEN -treated rats compared to 5 - FU -treated rats after DEN treatment for 8 weeks. The serum total protein and triglyceride were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, and the liver enzyme activities of AST and ALT were significantly(p < 0.05) increased. After 8 weeks, in the non-5-FU -treated group, the size of liver tumor were varied and hepatomegaly were observed, hepatocellular vacuolization, necrosis and steatosis were observed on the midzonal and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes were seen, the interlobular connective tissues were proliferated. PCNA positive cells were seen in the portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the non-5-FU-treated group. In hepatocytes, condensation of nuclear chromatin and vacuolization were observed, shape of the nuclei were irregular, the degraded nuclei and organelles were observed. The livers of rats in the 5 - FU treatment group were seen grossly brilliant, red-brown color, and the vacuolated and degenerated regions, hyperplastic nodules were not nearly observed. In the electron microscope, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes contained a large number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, developed organelles surrounding nuclei. The above findings suggest that 5 - FU will be effective as anti -liver tumor drug.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-238
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• 2005

This study analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education currently found in elementary and secondary school textbooks. An attempt was made to develop the basic data needed to in the future provide students with pertinent in formation regarding the nutritional attributes of milk, as well as the desired consumption behavior, within the school education system. To attain the objectives of this study, the researcher analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education described in elementary and secondary school textbooks(1st-10th grades). Based on the results of this analysis, measures were developed to organize the contents of the milk-related nutrition education that should be taught within the school education system. At the elementary school level, milk-related nutrition education was included in the textbooks for the integrated curriculum for the lower grades, as well as in the science, practical arts, and physical education textbooks for every grade, except the End and the 6th. The practical arts textbook, which contained basic knowledge related to the nutritional attributes of milk and the proper method in which to intake milk, was found to be the one which dealt with milk-related nutrition education in the most detail. At the secondary school level. milk-related nutrition education was included in the 7th-10th grade textbooks for the science, technology and home economics, and physical education courses. In this instance. the technology and home economics textbooks were the ones which were found to contain the most milk-related nutrition education covering such aspects as the nutritional attributes of milk, the special characteristics of milk as a food. how to select and store milk. as well as how to use milk as part of a balanced diet in everyday life. However, as was the case at the elementary school levet the repetitious nature of the milk-related contents found in the textbooks for various school subjects and at different school levels, as well as the inefficient hierarchical structure in which the knowledge is presented, were identified as key problems. There is a need to establish the appropriate milk-related nutrition education for each school level. The need to develop education programs, which could be linked to the school subjects and special milk programs, was also emphasized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1006-1015
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary calcium-salt, estrogen-treatment, and estrogen/calcium treatment on calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen metabolism. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of 250~280g were underwent ovariectomy or sham-operation. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 9 different experimental groups including the saline-treated group, the estrogen-treated group, the high calcium salt-treated group, and the estrogen/calcium treated groups and fed for 6 weeks. Each group daily intake and excretion of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also studied. The results were as follows: The excretion level of winn calcium was significantly higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.01) and reduced with estrogen treatment but this difference was not statistically significant. Fecal loss of calcium was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.001). When the estrogen was treated, fecal loss was decreased and then apparent digestibility of calcium was increased. Calcium balance was significantly higher the high calcium treated groups than the control diet groups. The excretion level of urinary Phosphorus was higher the ovariectomized rats than sham-operation group, while these showed to be decreased in the calcium salt, the estrogen and the estrogen/calcium treated groups(p<0.01). Fecal loss of phosphrous was higher in the ovariectomized rats. When the estrogen was treated, the fecal loss was decreased in the avariectomized rat than that of other groups. The excretion level of urinary nitrogen was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation, while these showed to be decreased in the estrogen, the estrogen/calcium, and the estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification. Fecal loss of nitrogen was decreased in tile estrogen treated group. The results in this study showed that high calcium, estrogen/calcium and estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification in the ovariectomized rats enhanced calcium balance compared to the ovariectomized rats without calcium treatment, but little effects on the phosphorus and nitrogen balance.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2001

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the Pine Bark Spent Liquor (PBSL) inclusion, prepared by alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone cooking, on Pellet durability index (PDI) of practical diets and performance of broiler chicks and laying hens. Fourteen treatments with four replications were assigned for PDI test in Experiment 1. Control, 10% Wheat(W10), 20% Wheat(W20), 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00% PBSL, 0.1, 0.2% commercial pellet binder A(CPB A) or B(CPB B), W10 plus 0.1% CPB A or B were used for PDI test. PDI was measured by PDI tester (Oriental Motors, Japan). The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal with no wheat or pellet binders inclusion. The PDI of the PBSL or other commercial pellet binder treatments were significantly higher than control groups(P<0.05). It was shown 95.9, 95.9, 95.8, and 95.7 in W10, 0.5% PBSL, 0.2% CPB A or B treatments, respectively. Thus, those treatments were applied to Experiments 2 and 3. In experiment 2, 200 male broiler chicks (Cobb$\times$Cobb) were allocated to the control, W10, PBSL 0.5%, 0.2% CPB A and B with four replications. Starter diets contained 3,169, 3,149 kcal/kg ME and 21% CP, and finisher diets were fed at the level of 3,192, 3,172 kcal/kg ME and 19W% CP. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) were weekly measured for 5 wk and the number of intestinal anaerobes were examined at the end of experiment. The weight gain of chicks fed PBSL was not significantly greater than control groups, but was significant different compared to that of W10 or 0.2% CPB A treatments (P<0.05). FCR of chicks treated with PBSL or other pellet binders tended to improve compared to that of control.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Vita2000 on growth performances and immune response in broiler chickens. One-day-old male chicks were fed diets containing 0, 0.5 and 1% Vita2000 (with or without antibiotics) for 5 wks. There were no significant differences in daily weight gain among the treatments, but feed intake in 1% Vita2000 groups (T3 and T4) were significantly lower than control (P<0.05). The relative abdominal fat weight and the level of crude fat in leg meat on groups fed diets containing 1% Vita2000 (T3 and T4) were significantly decreased as compared to those of control (P<0.05). The content of cholesterol in leg meat was not affect by dietary treatment. The intestinal total microbes, Coli form, Lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella spp. from bird fed 1% Vita2000 diets was significantly reduced compared to those of control. The production of IB antibody in chicks fed diet containing 0.5% Vita2000 was significantly higher than that of control groups. The overall results indicate that dietary Vita2000 may be a valuable alternative to antibiotics for optimizing growth performances, particularly for reducing the abdominal fat of broiler chicks.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated charcoal mixed with wood vinegar (AC) on broiler performance and antibiotics residue in eggs. In experiment 1, a total of low hundred fifty, 1-day-old male broile. chicks (Ross) were divided into 6 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 25 birds each, and 134 one of the six experimental diets: devoid of AC and antibiotics (negative control), devoid of AC with 0.1% antibiotics (positive control), devoid of antibiotics with 1% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 1% AC, devoid of antibiotics with 2% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 2% AC, for 5 wks. Feed consumption and body weights were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, eight birds from each group were selected and sacrificed. The relative weight of organs and characteristics of breast muscle were investigated. There were no significant differences in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion rate among the treatments. There were also no significant differences in the relative weight of breast meat, leg and liver. The abdominal fat tended to be decreased by the dietary AC. Significant differences were shown (P<0.05) in meat redness (a) and yellowness (b) among the treatments. However, the sensual characteristics of breast muscle was not affected by the dietary treatments. There were significant differences in total microbes, Coli forms and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05) among the treatments. In experiment 2, a total of ninety, 40-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were divided into 3 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 10 birds each and fed medicated control diet devoid of AC or diets containing 1% AC and 2% AC for 2 wks. The residue of antibiotics in Plasma and egg Yolk were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in 2% AC group compared to that of control. This study suggest that dietary AC may improve the external quality of edible meat and reduced antibiotics residue in chicken eggs without affecting laying performance.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2007

This work was carried out to assess the effect of microbial phytase (MP) on the performance, retention and excretion of phosphorus, and nutrients availability in broiler chicks. Two hundred and sixteen one day old Ross strains broiler chicks were used to investigate on performance for 5 weeks (earlier $(0{\sim}2wk)$, finisher $(3{\sim}5wk)$) and were divided 3 treatments, three cages per treatment and 12 birds per cage. Treatments are P0 (basal diet), P1 (microbial phytase 300 FTU/kg), and P2 (microbial phytase 600 FTU/kg). After 5 weeks, three diets containing 0, 300, 600 FTU/kg of microbial phytase were fed to 5-wk-old broilers to assess the digestibility. Twenty seven broilers were divided into 3 treatments (9 birds per treatment) to investigate on the absorption and retention of phosphorus and nutrient digestibility. Body weight gain and feed efficiency were highly significant at P1 and P2 treatments compared to those of P0 (P<0.05), however, feed intake was no significant difference among all treatments (P>0.05). The excretion of phosphorus decreased in P1 and P2 compared to P0 (P<0.05). The digestibility of nutrients and amino acid was high in P1 and P2 treatments compared to P0 (P<0.05). Ileal digestibility was lower about $1{\sim}2%$ than feces digestibility (P>0.05). Finally, microbial phytase influenced on the performance, the retention and excretion of phosphorus and ileal and feces digestibility in broilers.